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Ultrastructure of compatible and incompatible interactions in phloem sieve elements during the stylet penetration by cotton aphids in melon

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Insect Science 2018年第4期25卷 631-642页

作者： Elisa Garzo mercedes fernandez-pascual Cesar Morcillo Alberto Fereres M. Luisa G6mez-Guillamon W. Fred Tjallingii Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (ICA-CSIC) Madrid Spain Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands Instituto de Hortofruficultura Subtropical y Mediterranea 'La Mayora' Universidad de Malaga-CSIC (IHSM-UMA-CSIC) Algarrobo-Costa Malaga Spain

Resistance of the melon line TGR-1551 to the aphid Aphis gossypii is based on preventing aphids from ingesting phloem sap. In electrical penetration graphs （EPGs）, this resistance has been characterized with A. gossypii showing unusually long phloem salivation periods （waveform El） mostly followed by pathway activities （waveform C） or if followed by phloem ingestion （waveform E2）, ingestion was not sustained for more than 10 min. Stylectomy with aphids on susceptible and resistant plants was performed during EPG recording while the stylet tips were phloem inserted. This was followed by dissection of the penetrated leaf section, plant tissue fixation, resin embedding, and ultrathin sectioning for transmission electron microscopic observation in order to study the resistance mechanism in the TGR. The most obvious aspect appeared to be the coagulation of phloem proteins inside the stylet canals and the punctured sieve elements. Stylets of 5 aphids per genotype were amputated during sieve element （SE） salivation （El） and SE ingestion （E2）. Cross-sections of stylet bundles in susceptible melon plants showed that the contents of the stylet canals were totally clear and also, no coagulated phloem proteins occurred in their punctured sieve elements. In contrast, electron-dense coagulations were found in both locations in the resistant plants. Due to calcium binding, aphid saliva has been hypothesized to play an essential role in preventing/suppressing such coagulations that cause occlusion of sieves plate and in the food canal of the aphid＇s stylets. Doubts about this role of E 1 salivation are discussed on the basis of our results.

关键词： Aphis gossypii Glover Cucumis melo L. feeding behavior insect-plant resistance phloem defense response watery saliva

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The relationship between DNA fragmentation and the intensity of morphologically abnormal human spermatozoa

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2024年第1期13卷 22-27页

作者： mercedes González-Martínez pascual Sánchez-Martín Carmen López-Fernández Stephen D.Johnston Jaime Gosálvez Clínica Ginemed Unidad de ReproducciónSevillaSpain Department of Biology Universidad Autónoma de MadridCantoblancoMadridSpain School of Environment The University of QueenslandGattonAustralia School of Veterinary Science The University of QueenslandGattonAustralia

Objective:To determine the relationship between teratozoospermia and sperm DNA fragmentation(SDF)in the human ***:This retrospective study included 100 normozoospermic men as a control cohort(abnormal forms>14%),210 patients with a high level of abnormal forms(≤4%)and 65 patients presenting with a moderate level of abnormal forms(>4%to≤14%)based on the World Health Organization *** morphology was assessed using bright field *** DNA fragmentation was assessed using the sperm chromatin dispersion ***-parametric analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between abnormal sperm morphology and sperm DNA fragmentation;receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analyses were conducted to assess sensitivity and specificity of this ***:A correlation analysis revealed that the higher the proportion of abnormal spermatozoa in the ejaculate,the higher the level of SDF(Spearman's Rho=-0.230;P<0.001).Significant differences in the proportion of SDF were found when all cohorts were compared(P<0.001);these significant differences were also retained when the different cohorts were compared *** analysis showed a moderate but significant predictive value for SDF to differentiate patients with different levels of ***:Although analysis of a more continuous range of values for teratozoospermia would help further clarify any causal relationship with SDF,there is clearly a synergistic or coincident affiliation between these variables that needs to be acknowledged by the clinician when interpreting the spermiogram.

关键词： Teratozoospermia Sperm morphology Sperm DNA fragmentation Male factor Human reproduction Human fertility

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Sulodexide and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Preliminary Prospective Study

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2016年第2期6卷 54-71页

作者： Joaquín Lasierra-Cirujeda María José Aza pascual-Salcedo María mercedes Aza pascual-Salcedo C. Medicine Hematology Logrono Spain The Rioja and Pharmaceutical Act Ministry of Health The Rioja Regional Government Logrono Spain Aragon Health Service Zaragoza Spain

The purpose of this prospective study is to determine the relative incidence of Alzheimer’s disease in patients treated for at least three years, with sulodexide (n = 46, 76.48 ± 7.02 years old) or acenocoumarol (n = 47, 78.21 ± 6.66 years old) in order to prevent primary and secondary venous thromboembolism and atherothrombotic disease. In the sulodexide group, there was an apparent prevention of cognitive and behavioural impairment (relative incidence: 2.02) compared with acenocoumarol group (relative incidence: 4.86). The favourable results in sulodexide group may be related to their pharmacodynamic actions of inhibition of PAI-1, which may interfere with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, and to the role of glutathione and PAI-1 in the β-amyloid system in the brain.

关键词： Sulodexide Alzheimer’s Disease Glutathione t-PA PAI-1 Plasminogen Plasmin

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Aging: Thromboembolic Disease, Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Alzheimer’s Disease

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2016年第5期4卷 1-20页

作者： Joaquín Lasierra-Cirujeda María José Aza pascual-Salcedo Alicia Lasierra-Ibañez Carmen Lasala Aza María mercedes Aza pascual-Salcedo Centro Médico Hematológico Logrono Spain Pharmaceutical Act Ministry of Health La Rioja Regional Government Logrono Spain Aragon Health Service Zaragoza Spain

Aging can be interpreted as an unavoidable process whose end point is the death. Aging entails, in the hemostasis field, some changes that favour blood hypercoagulability. Both the plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), specific inhibitor of the tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), accompanied by the oxidative stress and the marked decrease of the main antioxidant—glutathione are fundamental in the bases of elderly pathologies which can cause death. There is some scientific evidence of the relationship between aging, neuro-degenerative diseases, an excessive production of reactive oxygen species and the decrease of proteolysis in brain. The cerebral plasminogen/plasmin system represents the essential proteolytic mechanism that degrades amyloid peptides (β-amyloidosis) for action of plasmin with effectiveness. This physiologic process is being considered as a preventive neurodegenerative mechanism. At the same time, the decrease of glutathione levels in aging entails a decrease of cerebral plasmin activity and a progressive descent of t-PA activity due to a descent in t-PA expression and an increase in PAI production. All of them entail an increment of amyloid beta peptides (Aβ) production and a lower level of their clearance. Both mechanisms, oxidative stress, direct consequence of the oxygenate metabolism of aerobics cells, and changes in the systemic fibrinolysis and cerebral b-amyloidolytic activity, play a very important role in thromboembolic disease, metabolic syndrome—obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia—, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease, clinical processes that accompany the aging. In this revision we show the importance of the interaction between glutathione, proteolytic t-PA/plasminogen/plasmin system, and the inhibitor PAI-1 in aging physiopathology, whose results suggest the hypothesis of the importance of a therapeutic strategy using the inhibition of PAI-1 as a goal, because it is increased in the different aging pathologic pro

关键词： Aging Alzheimer’s Disease T2DM PAI-1 Glutathione

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Sustainability of E-Trike as Alternative Mode of Public Transportation System: The Case of Cabanatuan City, Philippines

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2017年第3期7卷 362-377页

作者： Felipe E. Balaria Marilou P. pascual mercedes D. Santos Arjay F. Ortiz Arneil G. Gabriel Teodora Luz Soto Mangahas Nueva Ecija University of Science & Technology Cabanatuan City Philippines

The City of Cabanatuan is dubbed as the “Tricycle Capital of the Philippines”. Tricycle is a three wheeled vehicle used to transport people. Cabanatuan has about 30,000 registered gas-fed four-stroke motorized tricycles. Tricycle operation in this City has become the source of livelihood for around 10,000 families. Its number has tremendously increased despite growing competition and declining net daily income and the adverse effects it brings to the environment. The study analyzed the different aspects in the adoption of E-trikes (electric tricycles) as a mode of public transport system replacing motorized tricycles in the city. The conceptual framework of sustainable development was used to analyze the data. Basic accounting method in determining return on investment and payback period were used to compare the cost and return from among the current mode of transportation as against the adoption of E-trike. Data gathering employed the interviews, survey questionnaires and focus group discussion. The three areas of sustainability measured in the study were economic, socio-political and environmental. The study showed that from among 412 tricycle driver-operators randomly selected, majority were amenable to the shift from engine propelled tricycle to E-trike. However, cost of E-trike deters adoption and full implementation by the City Government. Political issue is also?the?utmost consideration since work displacement is imminent among the stakeholders once adoption of this mode takes place. On the other side, E-trike was found to be sustainable in the long run both on the point of view of operators and the riding public. The paper recommended that policy regulation be laid down, adopted, and implemented by the local government unit in response to the Philippines Cleaner Air Act.

关键词： Motorized Tricycle Electric Tricycle Environmental Hazard Adoption of Available & Better Technologies Sustainability Commercial Viability

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