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Woody plant cell walls:Fundamentals and utilization

Molecular Plant 2024年第1期17卷 112-140页

作者： Wei Li Ying-Chung Jimmy Lin Ying-Lan Chen Chenguang Zhou Shuang Li Nette De Ridder Dyoni M.Oliveira Lanjun Zhange Baocai Zhang Jack P.Wang Changzheng Xu Xiaokang Fu Keming luo Ai-Min Wu Taku Demura meng-zhu lu Yihua Zhou Laigeng Li Toshiaki Umezawa Wout Boerjan Vincent L.Chiang State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040China Department of Life Science National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwanChina Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwanChina Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent UniversityTechnologiepark 719052 GhentBelgium VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Technologiepark 719052 GhentBelgium State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Insttute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Forest Biotechnology Group Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation Integrative Science Center of Germplasm CreationSchool of Life SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Developmentand Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitecturesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou510642China Center for Digital Green-innovation Nara Institute of Science and TechnologykomaNara 630-0192Japan State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Siviculture College of Forestry and BiotechnologyZhejang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences300 Fenglin RoadShanghai 200032China Laboratoryof MetabolicScienceofForest Plants and Microorganisms Rsearch Institute for Sustainable HumanosphereKyoto UniversityUjiKyoto 611-0011 Japan

Cell walls in plants,particularly forest trees,are the major carbon sink of the terrestrial *** and biosynthetic features of plant cell walls were revealed early on,focusing mostly on herbaceous model *** developments in genomics,transcriptomics,epigenomics,transgenesis,and associated analytical techniques are enabling novel insights into formation of woody cell ***,we review multilevel regulation of cell wall biosynthesis in forest tree *** highlight current approaches to engineering cell walls as potential feedstock for materials and energy and survey reported field tests of such engineered transgenic *** outline opportunities and challenges in future research to better understand cell type biogenesis for more efficient wood cell wall modification and utilization for biomaterials or for enhanced carbon capture and storage.

关键词： regulation of cell wall formation biosynthesis of cell wall components lignin cellulose hemicellulose cell wall utilization

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PagERF81 regulates lignin biosynthesis and xylem cell differentiation in poplar

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第5期65卷 1134-1146页

作者： Xin-Wei Zhao Qiao Wang Dian Wang Wei Guo meng-Xuan Hu Ying-Li Liu Gong-Ke Zhou Guo-Hua Chai Shu-Tang Zhao meng-zhu lu State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Research Institute of ForestryChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China Collegeof Resources and Environment QingdaoAgricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China CollegeofAgronomy QingdaoAgriculturalUniversityQingdao 266109China TaishanAcademyof Forestry Sciences Taian271000China College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture College of Forestry and BiotechnologyZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China

Lignin is a major component of plant cell walls and is essential for plant growth and development. Lignin biosynthesis is controlled by a hierarchical regulatory network involving multiple transcription factors. In this study, we showed that the gene encoding an APETALA 2/ethylene-responsive element binding factor(AP2/ERF) transcription factor, PagERF81,from poplar 84 K(Populus alba × P. glandulosa) is highly expressed in expanding secondary xylem cells. Two independent homozygous Pagerf81 mutant lines created by gene editing, produced significantly more but smaller vessel cells and longer fiber cells with more lignin in cell walls, while PagERF81 overexpression lines had less lignin,compared to non-transgenic controls. Transcriptome and reverse transcription quantitative PCR data revealed that multiple lignin biosynthesis genes including Cinnamoyl CoA reductase 1(PagCCR1),Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 6(PagCAD6), and 4-Coumarate-CoA ligase-like 9(Pag4CLL9) were upregulated in Pagerf81 mutants, but down-regulated in PagERF81 overexpression lines. In addition, a transient transactivation assay revealed that PagERF81 repressed the transcription of these three ***, yeast one hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that PagERF81 directly bound to a GCC sequence in the PagCCR1 promoter. No known vessel or fiber cell differentiation related genes were differentially expressed, so the smaller vessel cells and longer fiber cells observed in the Pagerf81 lines might be caused by abnormal lignin deposition in the secondary cell walls. This study provides insight into the regulation of lignin biosynthesis, and a molecular tool to engineer wood with high lignin content, which would contribute to the lignin-related chemical industry and carbon sequestration.

关键词： lignin biosynthesis PagERF81 Populus secondary cell wall xylem development

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PagGRF12a interacts with PagGIF1b to regulate secondary xylem development through modulating PagXND1a expression in Populus alba×***

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2021年第10期63卷 1683-1694页

作者： Jinnan Wang Houjun Zhou Yanqiu Zhao Cheng Jiang Jihong Li Fang Tang Yingli Liu Shutang Zhao Jianjun Hu Xueqin Song mengzhu lu State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State ForestryAdministrationResearch Institute of ForestryChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology and Environment College of ForestryShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an 271018China School of Agriculture Ludong UniversityYantai 264025China State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture School of Forestry and BiotechnologyZhejiang Agriculture&Forestry UniversityHangzhou 311300China CoInnovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

Growth-regulating factors(GRFs)are important regulators of plant development and growth,but their possible roles in xylem development in woody plants remain ***,we report that Populus alba×Papulus glandulosa PagGRF12a negatively regulates xylem development in ***12a is expressed in vascular *** to non-transgenic control plants,transgenic poplar plants overexpressing PagGRF12a exhibited reduced xylem width and plants with repressed expression of PagGRF12a exhibited increased xylem *** NAC domain 1(XND1)encodes a NAC domain transcription factor that regulates xylem development and transcriptional analyses revealed that PagXND1a is highly upregulated in PagGRF12a-overexpressing plants and downregulated in PagGRF12a-suppressed plants,indicating that PagGRF12a may regulate xylem development through *** transcriptional assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction assays confirmed that PagGRF12a directly upregulates *** addition,PagGRF12a interacts with the GRF-Interacting Factor(GIF)PagGIF1b,and this interaction enhances the effects of PagGRF12a on *** results indicate that PagGRF12a inhibits xylem development by upregulating the expression of PagXND1a.

关键词： GRF GIF1 Populus wood formation XND1 xylem development

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The changes in the annual distribution of mountain runoff during the period of 1965-2018 in Hexi Corridor,Northwest China

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2024年第2期16卷 73-83页

作者： Yan luo ZhiXiang lu Qi Feng meng zhu JinBo Zhang Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China cCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhouGansu 730000China

The annual distribution characteristics of river runoff in arid regions have significant implications for water resource stability and *** on the mountain runoff data from 1965 to 2018,this study examines the annual change characteristics of monthly runoff of the Shiyang River Basin,Heihe River Basin,and Shule River Basin in the Hexi Corridor,Northwest *** indexes are used and analyzed,including the coefficient of variance,the complete regulation coefficient,the concentration degree and concentration period,the magnitude of change,the skewness coefficient,and the kurtosis coefficient of the annual distribution *** results reveal the following:(1)The inhomogeneity of annual runoff distribution in the Taolai River and the rivers to the west of it,except the Shiyou River,show an increasing ***,the inhomogeneity of the rivers to the east of the Taolai River generally show a downward trend,but the coefficient of variance value is still very high.(2)In the Shiyang River Basin,the annual distribution of the concentration period is characterized by a relatively discrete ***,the Heihe River Basin exhibits a relatively concentrated pattern,and the distribution pattern of the Shule River Basin is quite ***,all concentration periods in the three basins have shifted backward after the 2000s.(3)The Shiyang River Basin exhibits disordered annual distribution curves of runoff in different *** contrast,the Heihe River Basin presents a typical‘single-peak’pattern with a prominent *** Shule River Basin has regular distribution curves,with a gradually significant‘double-peak’pattern from east to ***,there has been a slight change in runoff in the Shiyang River Basin,while the Heihe River Basin and Shule River Basin have experienced significant increases in *** annual distribution curves of runoff in the Liyuan River and the rivers to the east of it exhibit a gentle peak pattern,and th

关键词： Hexi Corridor Inland rivers Mountain runoff Annual distribution characteristics of runoff

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Spin effect on redox acceleration and regioselectivity in Fe-catalyzed alkyne hydrosilylation

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 155-167页

作者： Peng He meng-Yang Hu Jin-Hong Li Tian-Zhang Qiao Yi-Lin lu Shou-Fei zhu Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University

Iron catalysts are ideal transition metal catalysts because of the Earths abundant, cheap, biocompatible features of iron salts. Iron catalysts often have unique open-shell structures that easily undergo spin crossover in chemical transformations, a feature rarely found in noble metal catalysts. Unfortunately, little is known currently about how the open-shell structure and spin crossover affect the reactivity and selectivity of iron catalysts, which makes the development of iron catalysts a low efficient trial-and-error program. In this paper, a combination of experiments and theoretical calculations revealed that the iron-catalyzed hydrosilylation of alkynes is typical spin-crossover catalysis. Deep insight into the electronic structures of a set of well-defined open-shell active formal Fe(0) catalysts revealed that the spin-delocalization between the iron center and the 1,10-phenanthroline ligand effectively regulates the iron center's spin and oxidation state to meet the opposite electrostatic requirements of oxidative addition and reductive elimination, respectively,and the spin crossover is essential for this electron transfer process. The triplet transition state was essential for achieving high regioselectivity through tuning the nonbonding interactions. These findings provide an important reference for understanding the effect of catalyst spin state on reaction. It is inspiring for the development of iron catalysts and other Earth-abundant metal catalysts, especially from the point of view of ligand development.

关键词： spin effect spin-delocalization spin crossover iron-catalysis alkyne hydrosilylation

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The Ca^(2+)-dependent DNases are Involved in Secondary Xylem Development in Eucommia ulmoides

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第7期54卷 456-470页

作者： Hui-Min Chen Yu Pang Jun Zeng Qi Ding Shen-Yi Yin Chao Liu meng-zhu lu Ke-Ming Cui Xin-Qiang He State KeyLaboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research College of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Laboratory of Biotechnology Research Institute of ForestryChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China

Secondary xylem development has long been recognized as a typical case of programmed cell death （PCD） in plants. During PCD, the degradation of genomic DNA is catalyzed by endonucleases. However, to date, no endonuclease has been shown to participate in secondary xylem development. Two novel Ca^2＋-dependent DNase genes, EuCaN1 and EuCaN2, were identified from the differentiating secondary xylem of the tree Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., their functions were studied by DNase activity assay, in situ hybridization, protein immunolocalization and virus-induced gene silencing experiments. Full-length cDNAs of EuCaN1 and EuCaN2 contained an open reading frame of 987 bp, encoding two proteins of 328 amino acids with SNase-like functional domains. The genomic DNA sequence for EuCaN1 had no introns, while EuCaN2 had 8 introns. EuCaN1 and EuCaN2 digested ssDNA and dsDNA with Ca^2＋-dependence at neutral pH. Their expression was confined to differentiating secondary xylem cells and the proteins were localized in the nucleus. Their activity dynamics was closely correlated with secondary xylem development. Secondary xylem cell differentiation is influenced by RNAi of endonuclease genes. The results provide evidence that the Ca^2＋-dependent DNases are involved in secondary xylem development.

关键词： Ca^2+-dependent DNase programmed cell death secondary xylem development secondary wall formation Eucommia ulmoides.

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The role of senescence-associated gene101 (PagSAG101a) in the regulation of secondary xylem formation in poplar

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第1期64卷 73-86页

作者： Hui He Xue-Qin Song Cheng Jiang Ying-Li Liu Dian Wang Shuang-Shuang Wen Guo-Hua Chai Shu-Tang Zhao meng-zhu lu State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Research Institute of ForestryChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture College of Forestry and BiotechnologyZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China College of Agronomy Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China College of Resources and Environment Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

Wood is produced by the accumulation of secondary xylem via proliferation and differentiation of the cambium cells in woody plants. Identifying the regulators involved in this process remains a challenging task. In this study, we isolated Pag SAG101 a,the homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana SAG101, from a hybrid poplar(Populus alba × Populus glandulosa)clone 84 K and investigated its role in secondary xylem development. Pag SAG101 a was expressed predominantly in lignified stems and localized in thenucleus. Compared with non-transgenic 84 K plants,transgenic plants overexpressing Pag SAG101 a displayed increased plant height, internode number,stem diameter, xylem width, and secondary cell wall thickness, while opposite phenotypes were observed for Pag SAG101 a knock-out *** analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes were enriched for those controlling cambium cell division activity and subsequent secondary cell wall deposition during xylem *** addition, the tandem CCCH zinc finger protein Pag C3 H17, which positively regulates secondary xylem width and secondary wall thickening in poplar, could bind to the promoter of Pag SAG101 a and mediate the regulation of xylem *** results support that Pag SAG101 a, downstream of Pag C3 H17, functions in wood development.

关键词： cambium PagSAG101a Populus secondary cell wall xylem formation

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脾功能本质与“从脾论治”治法方药研究的探索与展望

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广州中医药大学学报 2024年第10期41卷 2608-2614页

作者：刘乃华林传权高永史亚飞朱梦露潘华峰广州中医药大学

“脾主运化，脾气散精”是脾藏象理论的核心内容。中焦脾土可运化水谷并转输精微，维护机体糖脂代谢稳态，“脾主运化，脾气散精”与糖脂代谢在生理功能上具有一致性。脾虚则纳运失职，易感外邪；气虚血滞而内生湿热，久积不通则化瘀为... 详细信息

“脾主运化，脾气散精”是脾藏象理论的核心内容。中焦脾土可运化水谷并转输精微，维护机体糖脂代谢稳态，“脾主运化，脾气散精”与糖脂代谢在生理功能上具有一致性。脾虚则纳运失职，易感外邪；气虚血滞而内生湿热，久积不通则化瘀为毒，导致“炎-癌”转化，“脾虚为本，瘀毒互结”与“炎-癌”转化在病理改变上具有相关性。健脾散精化浊可改善糖脂代谢紊乱，健脾化瘀解毒可遏制胃的“炎-癌”转化进程。从机体糖脂代谢角度探索“脾主运化，脾气散精”功能本质的科学内涵，聚焦消化系统重大疾病的“炎-癌”转化进程并探讨消化道炎症性疾病、癌前病变等的证候演变规律及其“从脾论治”的药效机制，将丰富脾藏象理论的科学内涵，助力中医药的现代化和国际化，已成为当前脾胃研究领域的新方向。

关键词：脾藏象理论脾主运化脾气散精 “炎-癌”转化从脾论治健脾散精化浊健脾化瘀解毒

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Dust Condensation of SiC, SiO in Asymptotic Giant Branch Stellar Winds-SiC Spectrum

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第5期24卷 13-20页

作者： Ruiqing Wu Chunhua zhu Guoliang lu Shuming Yang Zhisen meng Xiaojiao Zhang Xizhen lu Jinlong Yu Wujin Chen mengqiu Long School of Physics and Electronics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China School of Physical Science and Technology Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China School of Microelectronics and Physics Hunan University of Technology and BusinessChangsha 410205China College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Tarim UniversityAlar 843300China School of Medicine Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830011China

We have chosen the Large Scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) code to calculate the coalescence of silicon carbide (SiC),silicon oxide dust (SiO) in the AGB stellar *** is a classica molecular dynamics simulation *** the same time,we consider the effect of temperature on the evolution of molecular *** also calculated the temperature change of non-spherical SiC,SiO dust *** condensation temperature range of SiC dust in the AGB stellar wind is[300–500]k and[900–1100]k for SiO Finally,the infrared spectrum of SiC was calculated using Gaussian 16 *** 77SiC,70Si_(3)C_(3),and 121Si_(3)C_(3) models have clear characteristic peaks of infrared spectra responding at 5,8.6,11.3,15,19,and 37μm.

关键词： stars AGB and post-AGB infrared ISM-(ISM:)dust-extinction

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3D printing in space:from mechanical structures to living tissues

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第2期6卷 378-387页

作者： Mao Mao Zijie meng Xinxin Huang Hui zhu Lei Wang Xiaoyong Tian Jiankang He Dichen Li Bingheng lu State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049People’s Republic of China National Medical Products Administration(NMPA)Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049People’s Republic of China National Innovation Platform(Center)for Industry-Education Integration of Medical Technology Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049People’s Republic of China Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049People’s Republic of China National Innovation Institute of Additive Manufacturing Xi’an 710000People’s Republic of China

3D printing stands at the forefront of transforming space exploration,offering unprecedented on-demand and rapid manufacturing *** adeptly addresses challenges such as mass reduction,intricate component fabrication,and resource *** the obstacles posed by microgravity and extreme environments,continual advancements underscore the pivotal role of 3D printing in aerospace *** its primary function of producing space structures,3D printing contributes significantly to progress in electronics,biomedicine,and resource *** perspective delves into the technological advantages,environmental challenges,development status,and opportunities of 3D printing in *** its crucial impact,we anticipate that 3D printing will unlock innovative solutions,reshape manufacturing practices,and foster self-sufficiency in future space endeavors.

关键词： 3D printing in space space manufacturing microgravity

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