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Keeping an ear out:size relationship of the tympanic bullae and pinnae in bandicoots and bilbies(marsupialia:Peramelemorphia)

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Current Zoology 2022年第3期68卷 251-264页

作者： melissa C.TAYLOR Kenny J.TRAVOUILLON margaret E.ANDREW Patricia A.FLEmING Natalie m.WARBURTON Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Harry Butler InstituteMurdoch University90 South StMurdochWA 6150Australia Collections and Research Western Australian MuseumWelshpoolWA 6106Australia

Bandicoots and bilbies(Order Peramelemorphia)occupy a broad range of habitats across Australia and New Guinea,from open,arid deserts to dense *** once diverse group has been particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and introduced eutherian predators,and numerous species extinctions and range retractions have *** reasons for this loss requires greater understanding of their *** of the pinnae and tympanic bullae varies markedly among *** hearing is important for both predator avoidance and prey location,the variability in ear morphology could reflect specialization and adaptation to specific environments,and therefore be of conservation *** measured 798 museum specimens representing 29 species of *** for phylogenetic relatedness and head length,pinna surface area was weakly negatively correlated with average precipitation(rainfall being our surrogate measure of vegetation productivity/complexity),and there were no environmental correlates with effective diameter(pinna width).Controlling for phylogenetic relatedness and skull length,tympanic bulla volume was negatively correlated with *** that inhabited drier habitats,which would be open and allow sound to carry further with less obstruction,had relatively larger pinnae and tympanic *** contrast,species from higher rainfall habitats,where sounds would be attenuated and diffused by dense vegetation,had the smallest pinnae and bullae,suggesting that low-frequency hearing is not as important in these *** with temperature did not reach statistical *** findings highlight linkages between hearing traits and habitat that can inform conservation and management strategies for threatened species.

关键词： external ear hearing ecology marsupial middle ear sound perception

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Scientific case studies in land-use driven soil erosion in the central United States: Why soil potential and risk concepts should be included in the principles of soil health

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第1期6卷 63-78页

作者： Benjamin L.Turner Jay Fuhrer melissa Wuellner Hector m.menendez Barry H.Dunn Roger Gates Texas A&m University-Kingsville Department of AgricultureAgribusinessand Environmental Science700 University Blvd.MSC 228KingsvilleTX 78363USA North Dakota Natural Resource Conservation Service 220 East Rosser AvenuePO Box 1458BismarckND 58502-1458USA University of Nebraska-Kearney Department of BiologyBruner Hall of Science240111th AvenueKearneyNE 68849-1140USA South Dakota State University Department of Natural Resource ManagementBox 2140BBrookingsSD 57007USA South Dakota State University Box 2201BrookingsSD 57007USA University of Georgia 104 S.Thornton Ave.DaltonGA 30720USA

Despite recent improvements in overall soil health gained through conservation agriculture, which has become a global priority in agricultural systems, soil and water-related externalities (e.g., wind and water erosion) continue to persist or worsen. Using an inductive, systems approach, we tested the hypothesis that such externalities persist due to expansion of cultivation onto areas unsuitable for sustained production. To test this hypothesis, a variety of data sources and analyses were used to uncover the land and water resource dynamics underlying noteworthy cases of soil erosion (either wind or water) and hydrological effects (e.g., flooding, shifting hydrographs) throughout the central United States. Given the evidence, we failed to reject the hypothesis that cultivation expansion is contributing to increased soil and water externalities, since significant increases in cultivation on soils with severe erosion limitations were observed everywhere the externalities were documented. We discuss the case study results in terms of land use incentives (e.g., policy, economic, and biophysical), developing concepts of soil security, and ways to utilize case studies such as those presented to better communicate the value of soil and water resource conservation. Incorporating the tenets of soil potential and soil risk into soil health evaluations and cultivation decision-making is needed to better match the soil resource with land use and help avoid more extreme soil and water-related externalities.

关键词： Soil erosion Watershed runoff Soil potential Soil security Externality

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Structure of a cereal purple acid phytase provides new insights to phytate degradation in plants

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Plant Communications 2022年第2期3卷 52-61页

作者： Raquel Faba-Rodriguez Yinghong Gu melissa Salmon Giuseppe Dionisio Henrik Brinch-Pedersen Charles A.Brearley Andrew m.Hemmings School of Chemistry University of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwich NR47TJUK School of Biological Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwich NR47TJUK Department of Agroecology Research Center FlakkebjergAarhus University4200 SlagelseDenmark College of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai 201306China

Grain phytate,a mixed metal ion salt of inositol hexakisphosphate,accounts for 60%–80%of stored phosphorus in plants and is a potent antinutrient of non-ruminant animals including *** neofunctionalization of purple acid phytases(PAPhy),some cereals such as wheat and rye have acquired particularly high mature grain phytase *** PAPhy activity supplies phosphate,liberates metal ions necessary for seedling emergence,and obviates antinutrient effects of phytate,its manipulation and control are targeted crop *** we show the X-ray crystal structure of the b2 isoform of wheat PAPhy induced during *** high-resolution crystal structure suggests a model for phytate recognition that,validated by molecular dynamics simulations,implicates elements of two sequence inserts(termed PAPhy motifs)relative to a canonical metallophosphoesterase(mPE)domain in forming phytate-specific substrate specificity *** motifs are well conserved in PAPhys from monocot cereals,enzymes which are characterized by high specificity for *** by mutagenesis,residues His229 in PAPhy motif 4 and Lys410 in the mPE domain,both conserved in PAPhys,are found to strongly influence phytase *** results explain the observed phytase activity of cereal PAPhys and open the way to the rational engineering of phytase activity in planta.

关键词： wheat purple acid phytase X-ray crystallography stereospecificity

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Accelerated partial breast irradiation: Past, present, and future

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2016年第5期7卷 370-379页

作者： Anne W Tann Sandra S Hatch melissa m Joyner Lee R Wiederhold Todd A Swanson Department of Radiation Oncology the University of Texas Medical Branch

Accelerated partial breast irradiation(APBI) focuses higher doses of radiation during a shorter interval to the lumpectomy cavity, in the setting of breast conserving therapy for early stage breast cancer. The utilization of APBI has increased in the past decade because of the shorter treatment schedule and a growing body of outcome data showing positive cosmetic outcomes and high local control rates in selected patients undergoing breast conserving therapy. Technological advances in various APBI modalities, including intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy, intraoperative radiation therapy, and external beam radiation therapy, have made APBI more accessible in the community. Results of early APBI trials served as the basis for the current consensus guidelines, and multiple prospective randomized clinical trials are currently ongoing. The pending long term results of these trials will help us identify optimal candidates that can benefit from ABPI. Here we provide an overview of the clinical and cosmetic outcomes of various APBI techniques and review the current guidelines for selecting suitable breast cancer patients. We also discuss the impact of APBI on the economics of cancer care and patient reported quality of life.

关键词： Breast cancer Intracavitary brachytherapy Accelerated partial breast irradiation Interstitial brachytherapy

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Interval estimation for minimal clinically important difference and its classification error via a bootstrap scheme

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Statistical Theory and Related Fields 2020年第2期4卷 135-145页

作者： Zehua Zhou Jiwei Zhao melissa Kluczynski Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA Department of Orthopaedics Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA

With the improved knowledge on clinical relevance and more convenient access to the patientreported outcome data,clinical researchers prefer to adopt minimal clinically important difference(mCID)rather than statistical significance as a testing standard to examine the effectiveness of certain intervention or treatment in clinical trials.A practical method to determining the mCID is based on the diagnostic *** using this approach,the mCID can be formulated as the solution of a large margin classification ***,this method only produces the point estimation,hence lacks ways to evaluate its *** this paper,we introduce an m-out-of-n bootstrap approach which provides the interval estimations for mCID and its classification error,an associated accuracy measure for performance assessment.A variety of extensive simulation studies are implemented to show the advantages of our proposed *** of the chondral lesions and meniscus procedures(ChAmP)trial is our motivating example and is used to illustrate our method.

关键词： minimal clinically important difference classification error confidence interval non-convex optimisation bootstrap m-out-of-n bootstrap

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Alumina-coated Ag nanocrystal monolayers as surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy platforms for the direct spectroscopic detection of water splitting reaction intermediates

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Nano Research 2014年第1期7卷 132-143页

作者： Xing Yi Ling Ruoxue Yan Sylvia Lo Dat Tien Hoang Chong Liu melissa A. Fardy Sher Bahadar Khan Abdullah m. Asiri Salem m. Bawaked Peidong Yang Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA Center of Excellence for Advanced materials Research (CEAmR) King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 P.O. Box 80203 Saudi Arabia Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering. University of California Riverside CA 9252 1 USA These authors contributed equally to this work.

A novel Ag-alumina hybrid surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy （SERS） platform has been designed for the spectroscopic detection of surface reactions in the steady state. Single crystalline and faceted silver （Ag） nanoparticles with strong light scattering were prepared in large quantity, which enables their reproducible self-assembly into large scale monolayers of Raman sensor arrays by the Langrnuir-Blodgett technique. The close packed sensor film contains high density of sub-nm gaps between sharp edges of Ag nanoparticles, which created large local electromagnetic fields that serve as ＂hot spots＂ for SERS enhancement. The SERS substrate was then coated with a thin layer of alumina by atomic layer deposition to prevent charge transfer between Ag and the reaction system. The photocatalytic water splitting reaction on a monolayer of anatase TiO2 nanoplates decorated with Pt co-catalyst nanoparticles was employed as a model reaction system. Reaction intermediates of water photooxidation were observed at the TiO2/solution interface under UV irradiation. The surface-enhanced Raman vibrations corresponding to peroxo, hydroperoxo and hydroxo surface intermediate species were observed on the TiO2 surface, suggesting that the photo-oxidation of water on these anatase TiO2 nanosheets may be initiated by a nucleophilic attack mechanism.

关键词： surface-enhanced Ramanspectroscopy water splitting reaction reaction intermediates Ag nanocrystals

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A review of ecological impacts of global climate change on persistent organic pollutant and mercury pathways and exposures in arctic marine ecosystems

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 617-628页

作者： melissa A. mCKINNEY Sara PEDRO Rune DIETZ Christian SONNE Aaron T. FISK Denis ROY Bjorn m. JENSSEN Robert J. LETCHER Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA Department of Bioscience Arctic Research Centre Aarhus University Roskilde DK-4000 Denmark Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research University of Windsor Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim NO-7491 Norway Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate Science and Technology Branch Environment Canada National Wildlife Research Centre Carleton University Ottawa ON K1A 0H3 Canada

Bioaccumulative and biomagnifying contaminants, such as persistent organic pollutants （POPs） and mercury （Hg）, have for decades been recognized as a health concern in arctic marine biota. In recent years, global climate change （GCC） and related loss of arctic sea ice have been observed to be driving substantial change in arctic ecosystems. This review summarizes findings documenting empirical links between GCC-induced ecological changes and alterations in POP and Hg exposures and pathways in arctic marine ecosystems. most of the studies have reported changes in POP or Hg concentrations in tissue in relation to GCC-induced changes in species trophic interactions. These studies have typically focused on the role of changes in abun- dance, habitat range or accessibility of prey species, particularly in relation to sea ice changes. Yet, the ecological change that re- suited in contaminant trend changes has often been unclear or assumed. Other studies have successfully used chemical tracers, such as stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios and fatty acid signatures to link such ecological changes to contaminant level variations or trends. Lower sea ice linked-diet changes/variation were associated with higher contaminant levels in some popula- tions of polar bears, ringed seals, and thick-billed murres, but the influence of changing trophic interactions on POP levels and trends varied widely in both magnitude and direction. We suggest that future research in this new area of GCC-linked ecotox- icology should focus on routine analysis of ancillary ecological metrics with POP and Hg studies, simultaneous consideration of the multiple mechanisms by which GCC and contaminant interactions can occur, and targeted research on changing exposures and toxicological effects in species known to be sensitive to both GCC and contaminants [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 617-628, 2015].

关键词： Climate change Ecological change Contaminants Trends Arctic marine ecosystems

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Creating Prep to Play PRO for women playing elite Australian football:A how-to guide for developing injury-prevention programs

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第1期12卷 130-138页

作者： Andrea m.Bruder Alex Donaldson Andrea B.mosler Brooke E.Patterson melissa Haberfield Benjamin F.mentiplay Patrick Clifton Nicole D.Livingstone OAm Kay m.Crossley La Trobe Sport and Exercise medicine Research Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIA 3086Australia Australian IOC Research Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIA 3086Australia Centre for Sport and Social Impact La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIA 3086 Australia Australian Football League MelbourneVIA 3086Australia

Background:Developing context-specific,evidence-informed,and implementable injury-prevention programs is *** playing in the elite Australian Football League for Women are at high risk of serious knee injuries,and no specific injury-prevention program *** objective of the study was to describe the collaborative process used to create a context-specific injury-prevention ***:A previously used intervention-development process was modified to incorporate a partnership with the sport’s governing organization and focus on engaging program *** Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation and maintenance(RE-AIm)Sports Setting matrix guided program development and implementation ***:The 7-step process,aligned with the RE-AIm Sports Setting matrix,was applied to develop the injury-prevention program and was titled Prep to Play *** steps were:(Step 1)gaining organizational support and establishing a project partnership;(Step 2)using research evidence and clinical experience;(Step 3)consulting content and context experts;(Step 4)engaging the organization,experts,program implementers,and end-users to concreate the intervention and develop implementation strategies;(Step 5)testing the intervention acceptability and feasibility;(Step 6)evaluating the intervention and implementation strategies against theory;and(Step 7)obtaining feedback from early implementers and ***:Engaging critical stakeholders at multiple ecological levels(organization,team,and athlete)throughout program development and implementation planning support real-world *** processes and activities described can guide future sports injury-prevention program development and implementation.

关键词： Athletes Elite Female Knee Injuries Sport

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Structural and dielectric properties of prepared PbS and PbTe nanomaterials

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Journal of Semiconductors 2018年第12期39卷 52-59页

作者： A.A.hzab Azza A.ward G.m.mahmoud Eman m.El-Hanafy H.El-Zahed F.S.Terra Solid State Physics Department Physical Research DivisionNational Research CentreGizaEgypt microwave Physics and Dielectrics Department Physical Research DivisionNational Research CentreGizaEgypt University Girls College for Arts Scienceand EducationAin Shams UniversityHelioplesCairoEgypt

In this work, PbS and PbTe nanomaterials with various morphologies were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The structural properties were investigated by using X-ray diffraction(XRD) and corresponding scanning electron microscopy together with their EDX analysis. Both the PbS and PbTe nanomaterials possess good polycrystalline structure. The crystallite size, determined from the XRD data, of PbS is 5 nm whereas the corresponding value of PbTe is 2.69 nm. SEm micrographs reveal that the prepared PbS nanomaterial has starshaped structures, micro-flowers, some cubes, and semi-dendrites, whereas PbTe has semi-flower structures. Additionally, the dielectric properties have been studied in a broad frequency range from 0.1 Hz up to 1 mHz at temperatures from 298-423 K. The real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric constant ε' and ε" of PbTe are comparatively higher than those of PbS. moreover, the dielectric data were analyzed on the basis of the electric modulus.

关键词： dielectric properties PbS PbTe SEm EDX electric modulus

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Towards an actionable One Health approach

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 77-82页

作者： Zhang Xiao-Xi Lederman Zohar Han Le-Fei Schurer Janna m. Xiao Li-Hua Zhang Zhi-Bing Chen Qiu-Lan Pfeiffer Dirk ward michael P. Sripa Banchob Gabri?l Sarah Dhama Kuldeep Acharya Krishna Prasad Robertson Lucy J. Deem Sharon L. Aenishaenslin Cécile Dantas-Torres Filipe Otranto Domenico Grace Delia Wang Yang Li Peng Fu Chao Poeta Patrícia Rahman md. Tanvir Kassegne Kokouvi Zhu Yong-Zhang Yin Kun Liu Jiming Wang Zhao-Jun Guo Xiao-Kui Gong Wen-Feng Schwartl?nder Bernhard Ren ming-Hui Zhou Xiao-Nong School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai People’s Republic of China Institute of One Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People’s Republic of China medical Ethics and Humanities Unit Hong Kong University Hong Kong People’s Republic of China Center for One Health University of Global Health Equity Butaro Rwanda College of Veterinary medicine South China Agricultural University Guangzhou People’s Republic of China School of Ecology and Environment Hainan University Haikou Hainan People’s Republic of China Branch of animal and vector-borne diseases Division of Infectious Disease Control Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing People’s Republic of China Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR People’s Republic of China Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences Royal Veterinary College London United Kingdom Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Camden Australia Tropical Disease Research Center Department of Tropical Medicine Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand Laboratory of foodborne parasitic zoonoses Department of translational physiology infectiology and public health Chair Faculty Committee on Internationalisation Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium Division of Pathology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) Bareilly Uttar Pradesh India Department of Livestock Services Animal Quarantine Office-Kathmandu Budhanilkantha Kathmandu Nepal Parasitology Department of Paraclinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences ?s Norway One Government Drive Saint Louis Zoo Institute for Conservation Medicine St. Louis USA Groupe de Recherche en épidémi

Background Despite the increasing focus on strengthening One Health capacity building on global level, challenges remain in devising and implementing real-world interventions particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. Recognizing these gaps, the One Health Action Commission (OHAC) was established as an academic community for One Health action with an emphasis on research agenda setting to identify actions for highest *** text This viewpoint describes the agenda of, and motivation for, the recently formed OHAC. Recognizing the urgent need for evidence to support the formulation of necessary action plans, OHAC advocates the adoption of both bottom-up and top-down approaches to identify the current gaps in combating zoonoses, antimicrobial resistance, addressing food safety, and to enhance capacity building for context-sensitive One Health *** By promoting broader engagement and connection of multidisciplinary stakeholders, OHAC envisions a collaborative global platform for the generation of innovative One Health knowledge, distilled practical experience and actionable policy advice, guided by strong ethical principles of One Health.

关键词： One Health Global Health One Health Action Commission Research agenda

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