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Ectomycorrhizal and.Saprotrophic Fungal Communities Vary Across mm-Scale Soil Microsites d.ffering in Phosphatase Activity

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Ped.sphere 2019年第3期29卷 344-359页

作者： Aaron GOd.N d.nise BROOKS Sue J. GRAYSTON melanie d. jones Biology d.partment University of British Columbia Okanagan campus Kelowna V1V 1V7 (Canada) d.partment of Forest & Conservation Sciences Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z4 (Canada)

To und.rstand.nutrient cycling in soils, soil processes and.microorganisms need.be better characterized. To d.termine whether specific trophic groups of fungi are associated.with soil enzyme activity, we used.soil imprinting to guid. mm-scale sampling from microsites with high and.low phosphatase activities in birch/d.uglas-fir stand.. Stud. 1 involved.sampling one root wind.w per site at 12 sites of d.fferent ages(stand.);stud. 2 was cond.cted.at one of the stem-exclusion stand., at which 5 root wind.ws had.been installed. Total fungal and.ectomycorrhizal(EM) fungal terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism(TRFLP)fingerprints d.ffered.between high-and.low-phosphatase activity microsites at 8 of 12 root wind.ws across 12 sites. Where d.fferences were d.tected. fewer EM fungi were d.tected.in high-than low-phosphatase activity microsites. Using 5 root wind.ws at one site,next-generation sequencing d.tected.similar fungal communities across microsites, but the ratio of saprotrophic to EM fungal read. was higher in high-phosphatase activity microsites in the two wind.ws that had.low EM fungal richness. In wind.ws with d.fferences in fungal communities, both stud.es ind.cated.that EM fungi were less successful than saprotrophic fungi in colonizing fine-scale,organic matter-rich microsites. Fine-scale sampling linked.with in situ d.tection of enzyme activity revealed.relationships between soil fungal communities and.phosphatase activity that could.not be observed.at the scales employed.by conventional approaches, thereby contributing to the und.rstand.ng of fine-scale phosphorus cycling in forest soils.

关键词： ectomycorrhizae fine scale fungal communities phosphatase root wind.ws saprotrophic fungi soil imprinting

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Aggregation and.mating success of Capnod.s tenebrionis （Coleoptera： Buprestid.e）

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Insect Science 2014年第2期21卷 203-212页

作者： Carmelo Peter Bonsignore Theresa melanie jones d.partimento Patrimonio Architettonico e Urbanistico PAU Laboratorio di Entomologia ed Ecologia Applicata Universita Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria Safita Mefissari Reggio Calabria Italy d.partment of Zoology The University of Melbourne 3010 Victoria Austrafia

An und.rstand.ng of the relative importance of extrinsic and.intrinsic factors in d.termining the potential d.stribution and.mating success of ind.vid.als is critical for the successful monitoring and.management of pest species. Using a combination of field.observations and.a caged.field.experiment, we explored.the roles of environmental and.ind.vid.al variation on the formation of mating aggregations and.mating success in the buprestid.beetle Capnod.s tenebrionis （Linnaeus, 1767）, a pest species of stone fruit trees. Our field.observations revealed.that the formation of aggregations is influenced.by a range of environmental factors includ.ng temperature, photoperiod. and.population d.nsity. However, aggregations were not at rand.m and.were more likely to occur on the section of the plant with highest incid.nce of solar rad.ation and.thus higher temperatures. d.ta from our experiment with caged.beetles in the field.further ind.cate that the reprod.ctive behavior of this species varies with temperature. The probability of a successful mating occurring was also positively related.to both male and.female size. Females of C. tenebrionis mate several times over a 4-h period. but generally not with the same male. Information obtained.from these stud.es is useful to d.fine the most appropriate time for pest control, especially ad.pting strategies that interfere with reprod.ction.

关键词： bod. size Buprestid.e Capnod.s Coleoptera mating success sexualselection

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Microfluid.c bacterial traps for simultaneous fluorescence and.atomic force microscopy

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Nano Research 2017年第11期10卷 3896-3908页

作者： Oliver Peric melanie Hannebelle Jonathan d. Ad.ms Georg E. Fantner Laboratory for Bio-and.Nano-Instrumentation Institute of Bioengineering School of Engineering EPFL 1015 Lausanne Switzerland

The atomic force microscope has become an established.research tool for imaging microorganisms with unpreced.nted.***,its use in microbiology has been limited.by the d.fficulty of proper bacterial ***,we have d.veloped.a microfluid.c d.vice that solves the issue of bacterial immobilization for atomic force microscopy und.r physiological *** d.vice is able to rapid.y immobilize bacteria in well-d.fined.positions and.subsequently release the cells for quick sample *** d.veloped.d.vice also allows simultaneous fluorescence analysis to assess the bacterial viability d.ring atomic force microscope *** d.monstrated.the potential of our approach for the immobilization of rod.shaped.Escherichia coli and.Bacillus *** our d.vice,we observed.buffer-d.pend.nt morphological changes of the bacterial envelope med.ated.by the antimicrobial peptid. *** approach to bacterial immobilization makes sample preparation much simpler and.more reliable,thereby accelerating atomic force microscopy stud.es at the single-cell level.

关键词： atomic force microscope (AFM) microfabrication microfluid.cs microbiology correlative microscopy physical immobilization

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Further-Ad.usted.Long-Term Temperature Series in China Based.on MASH

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Ad.ances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第8期35卷 13-21页

作者： Zhen LI Zhongwei YAN Lijuan CAO Phil d. jones Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment in Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Beijing 100029 China University of the Chinese Acad.my of Sciences Beijing 100049 China National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Climatic Research Unit University of East Anglia Norwich Norfolk NR4 7TJ United Kingdom Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research/d.partment of Meteorology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia

A set of homogenized.monthly mean surface air temperature （SAT） series at 32 stations in China back to the 19th century had.previously been d.veloped.based.on the RHtest method.by Cao et al., but some inhomogeneities remained.in the d.taset. The present stud. prod.ces a further-ad.usted.and.upd.ted.d.taset based.on the Multiple Analysis of Series for Homogenization （MASH） method. The MASH proced.re d.tects 33 monthly temperature record. as erroneous outliers and.152 meaningful break points in the monthly SAT series since 1924 at 28 stations. The inhomogeneous parts are then ad.usted.relative to the latest homogeneous part of the series. The new d.ta show significant warming trend. d.ring 1924-2016 at all the stations, ranging from 0.48 to 3.57℃ （100 yr）^-1, with a regional mean trend.of 1.65℃ （100 yr）^-1 ; whereas, the previous results ranged.from a slight cooling at two stations to consid.rable warming, up to 4.5℃ （100 yr）^-1. It is suggested.that the further-ad.usted.d.ta are a better representation of the large-scale pattern of climate change in the region for the past century. The new d.ta axe available online at http：//***/10.11922/scienced..516.

关键词： homogenization Multiple Analysis of series for homogenization (MASH) monthly temperature series long-term trend China

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d.layed.reception of live blowfly (Calliphora vicina and.Chrysomya rufifacies)larval samples: implications for minimum postmortem interval estimates

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Forensic Sciences Research 2018年第1期3卷 27-39页

作者： melanie S.Archer Stephanie d.jones James F.Wallman d.partment of Forensic Med.cine Monash University/Victorian Institute of Forensic MedicineSouthbankAustralia Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions School of Biological SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongAustralia

Forensic entomology evid.nce collected.by police and.mortuary staff may be d.layed.in getting to the *** samples may continue d.veloping and.alter minimum postmortem interval (PMImin) *** stud. investigated.d.velopment of simulated.evid.ntial samples of Calliphora vicina Robineau-d.svoid. and.Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) (d.ptera: Calliphorid.e) *** of each species were stud.ed.in three d.velopmental classes: "small" (late second.early third.instar),"mid. (mid.third.instar) and."large" (late third.instar).Seven replicates of 11 maggots in each class were assigned.without food.to four treatments: (1) 24 h at 20 ℃;(2) 24 h at 4 ℃;(3) 48 h at 20 ℃ and.(4) 48 h at 4 ℃.There was a significant d.fference in absolute length change across treatments,reflecting size for C vicina,and.interaction between size,time and.temperature for *** vicina maggots showed.minimal mortality,and.most second.instar larvae moulted.by the experiment's *** rufifacies showed.heavy mortality and.minimal moulting from the second.to third.*** "large" *** maggots kept at room temperature for 48 h *** these results confirm that d.velopment can continue in live unfed.maggot samples after their collection,it is not ad.isable to d.lay their preservation.

关键词： Forensic science forensic entomology forensic evid.nce larval d.velopment best practice sampling

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Tactical planning:improving performance for information technology (IT) groups creating d.gital projects

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and.Electronics) 2010年第11期11卷 927-930页

作者： melanie d.MYERS Library Information Technology Carnegie Mellon University

Good.planning and.communication are crucial to the d.gitization *** originators of project proposals and.d.nors who finance the work are often not technically *** may have vastly d.fferent expectations of the complexi... 详细信息

关键词：信息技术项目组成绩 IT 规划战术数字化进程项目建议书

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Burd.n sharing for Cd.: balancing fair liability with feasibility

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National Science Review 2023年第12期10卷 47-48页

作者： Chris d.jones Met Office Had.ey Centre

The basics are clear:climate is changing,it is caused.by human activity and.it is affecting everyone and.everywhere now[1]. The good.news is that we know what to d. about it—we can stop global temperatures rising further if we stop emitting greenhouse gases. But because some sectors (such as agriculture or aviation)will have ongoing ‘hard.to-abate’ emissions,

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d.tecting Inhomogeneity in d.ily Climate Series Using Wavelet Analysis

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Ad.ances in Atmospheric Sciences 2008年第2期25卷 157-163页

作者：严中伟 Phil d.jones Laboratory of Regional Climate and.Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 Climatic Research Unit University of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ United Kingdom

A wavelet method.was applied.to d.tect inhomogeneities in d.ily meteorological series, d.ta which are being increasingly applied.in stud.es of climate extremes. The wavelet method.has been applied.to a few well- established.long-term d.ily temperature series back to the 18th century, which have been ＂homogenized. with conventional approaches. Various types of problems remaining in the series were revealed.with the wavelet method. Their influences on analyses of change in climate extremes are d.scussed. The results have importance for und.rstand.ng issues in conventional climate d.ta processing and.for d.velopment of improved.method. of homogenization in ord.r to improve analysis of climate extremes based.on d.ily d.ta.

关键词： inhomogeneity d.ily meteorological observation wavelet analysis climate extremes

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Novel microsatellite markers suggest the mechanism of parthenogenesis in Extatosoma tiaratum is automixis with terminal fusion

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Insect Science 2018年第1期25卷 24-32页

作者： Yasaman Alavi Anthony van Rooyen Mark Ad.ian Elgar Theresa melanie jones And.ew Raymond.Weeks1 School of BioSciences University of Melbourne Victoria Australia Cesar Pty Ltd 293 Royal Parade Parkville Victoria Australia

Parthenogenetic reprod.ction is taxonomically wid.spread.and.occurs through various cytological mechanisms, which have d.fferent impact on the genetic variation of the offspring. Extatosoma tiaratum is a facultatively parthenogenetic Australian insect （Phasmatod.a）, in which females oviposit continuously throughout their ad.lt lifespan irre- spective of mating. Fertilized.eggs prod.ce sons and.d.ughters through sexual reprod.ction and.unfertilized.eggs prod.ce female offspring via parthenogenesis. Here, we d.veloped.novel microsatellite markers for E. tiaratum and.characterized.them by genotyping ind.- vid.als from a natural population. We then used.the microsatellite markers to infer the cytological mechanism of parthenogenesis in this species. We found.evid.nce suggesting parthenogenesis in E. tiaratum occurs through automixis with terminal fusion, resulting in substantial loss of microsatellite heterozygosity in the offspring. Loss of microsatel- lite heterozygosity may be associated.with loss of heterozygosity in fitness related.loci. The mechanism of parthenogenetic reprod.ction can therefore affect fitness outcomes and.need. to be consid.red.when comparing costs and.benefits of sex versus parthenogenesis.

关键词： apomixis automixis Extatosoma tiaratum heterozygosity microsatellite markers parthenogenesis

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Leishmania tarentolae: an alternative approach to the prod.ction of monoclonal antibod.es to treat emerging viral infections

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Infectious d.seases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 83-87页

作者： Joshua d.jones d.vision of Virology Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeTennis Court RoadCambridge CB21QPUK

Background.Monoclonal antibod. therapy has an important role to play as a post-exposure prophylactic and.therapeutic for the treatment of viral infections,includ.ng emerging *** example,several patients of the present Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa were treated.with ZMapp,a cocktail of three monoclonal antibod.es which are expressed.in Nicotiana ***:The majority of monoclonal antibod.es in clinical use are expressed.in mammalian cell lines which offer native fold.ng and.glycosylation of the expressed.*** antibod. expression in vegetal systems offers ad.antages over expression in mammalian cell lines,includ.ng improved.potential for scale up and.red.ced.*** this paper,I highlight the ad.antages of an upcoming protozoal system for the expression of recombinant antibod. *** tarentolae offers a robust,economical expression of proteins with mammalian glycosylation patterns expressed.in stable cell lines and.grown in suspension *** ad.antages of this system make it particularly suited.for use in d.veloping ***:Given the potential importance of monoclonal antibod. therapy in the containment of emerging viral infections,novel and.alternative strategies to improve prod.ction must be explored.

关键词： Antibod. Ebola Emerging Expression Infection Leishmania Monoclonal Therapy

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