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Radioisotope production using.lasers:f.om basic science to applications

Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第3期9卷 31-44页

作者： M.R.D.rodrigues A.Bonasera M.Scisciò J.A.Pérez-Hernández M.Ehret f.f.lippi P.L.Andreoli M.Huault H.Larreur D.Sing.ppuli D.Molloy D.Raf.estin M.Alonzo g.g.Rapisarda D.Lattuada g.L.g.ardo C.Verona f..Consoli g.Petring. A.McNamee M.La Cog.ata S.Palmerini T.Carriere M.Cipriani g.Di g.org.o g.Cristof.ri R.De Ang.lis g.A.P.Cirrone D.Marg.rone L.g.uf.rida D.Batani P.Nicolai K.Batani R.Lera L.Volpe D.g.ulietti S.Ag.rwal M.Krupka S.Sing. f..Consoli Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77840USA Laboratori Nazionali del Sud Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(LNS-INFN)CataniaItaly ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department-CFrascatiItaly Centro de Láseres Pulsados(clpu) VillamayorSpain Universidad de Salamanca SalamancaSpain Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(CELIA) Universitéde BordeauxCNRSCEATalenceFrance HB11 Energ. Holding. Pty FreshwaterNew South WalesAustralia School of.Mathematics and Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom Dipartimento di f.sica e Astronomia“E.Majorana ”Università di CataniaCataniaItaly f.coltàdi Ing.g.eria e Architettura Universitàdegli Studi di Enna“Kore”EnnaItaly Dipartimento di Ing.g.eria Industriale Universitàdi Roma“Tor Vergata”RomaItaly Dipartimento di f.sica e g.olog.a Universitàdegli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly Istituto Nazionale di f.sica Nucleare Sezione di PerugiaPerugiaItaly ELI Beamlines f.cility the Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolni BrezanyCzech Republic ETSIA Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain Dipartimento f.sica “E.Fermi”Universitàdi Pisa and INFNPisaItaly f.U–Institute of.Physics of.Czech Academy of.Sciences PragueCzech Republic Institute of.Plasma Physics of.Czech Academy of.Sciences PragueCzech Republic

The discovery of.chirped pulse amplif.cation has led to g.eat improvements in laser technolog.,enabling.energ.tic laser beams to be compressed to pulse durations of.tens of.f.mtoseconds and f.cused to a f.w *** with energ.es of.tens of.MeV can be accelerated using.f.r instance,targ.t normal sheath acceleration and f.cused on secondary *** such conditions,nuclear reactions can occur,with the production of.radioisotopes suitable f.r medical *** use of.hig.-repetition lasers to produce such isotopes is competitive with conventional methods mostly based on *** this paper,we study the production of.(67)Cu,^(63)Zn,^(18)f.and^(11)C,which are currently used in positron emission tomog.aphy and other *** the same time,we study the reactions^(10)B(p,α)^(7)Be and^(70)Zn(p,4n)^(67)g. to put f.rther constraints on the proton distributions at dif.erent ang.es,as well as the reaction^(11)B(p,α)^(8)Be relevant f.r energ. *** experiment was perf.rmed at the 1 PW laser f.cility at Veg.Ⅲin Salamanca,*** distributions of.radioisotopes in the f.rward(with respect to the laser direction)and backward directions were measured using.a hig. purity g.rmanium *** results are in reasonable ag.eement with numerical estimates obtained f.llowing.the approach of.Kimura and Bonasera[*** ***.,Sect.A 637,164–170(2011)].

关键词： purity estimates backward

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Phase composition,conductivity,and sensor properties of.cerium-doped indium oxide

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Nano Materials Science 2024年第2期6卷 193-200页

作者： M.I.Ikim g.N.g.rasimov V.f.g.omov O.J.Ileg.usi L.I.Trakhtenberg N.N.Semenov f.deral Research Center f.r Chemical Physics of.RAS MoscowRussia University of.Central f.orida OrlandoFLUSA Moscow Institute of.Physics and Technolog.(State University) DolgoprudnyMoscow RegionRussia Lomonosov Moscow State University MoscowRussia

The hydrothermal synthesis of.In_(2)O_(3)and CeO_(2)–In_(2)O_(3)is investig.ted as well as the properties of.sensor layers based on these *** the synthesis of.In_(2)O_(3),intermediate products In(OH)_(3)and InOOH are f.rmed,which are the precursors of.stable cubic(c-In_(2)O_(3))and metastable rhombohedral(rh-In_(2)O_(3))phases,respectively.A transition f.om c-In_(2)O_(3)to rh-In_(2)O_(3)is observed with the addition of.CeO_(2).The introduction of.cerium into rh-In_(2)O_(3)results in a decrease in the sensor response to hydrog.n,while it increases in composites based on c-In_(2)O_(3).The data on the sensor activity of.the composites correlate with XPS results in which CeO_(2)causes a decrease in the concentrations of.chemisorbed oxyg.n and oxyg.n vacancies in rh-In_(2)O_(3).The reverse situation is observed in composites based on c-In_(2)O_(3).Compared to In_(2)O_(3)and CeO_(2)–In_(2)O_(3)obtained by other methods,the synthesized composites demonstrate maximum response to H_(2)at low temperatures by 70–100℃,and have short response time(0.2–0.5 s),short recovery time(6–7 s),and long.term stability.A model is proposed f.r the dependence of.sensitivity on the direction of.electron transf.r between In_(2)O_(3)and CeO_(2).

关键词： Cerium oxide Indium oxide Nanocomposite Hydrothermal method Cubic phase Rhombohedral phase Sensor response Conductivity Hydrog.n Response/recovery time

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Low-Cost and Biodeg.adable Thermoelectric Devices Based on van der Waals Semiconductors on Paper Substrates

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Energ. & Environmental Materials 2024年第1期7卷 201-206页

作者： g.lsum Ersu Carmen Munuera f.derico J.Mompean Daniel Vaquero Jorg. Quereda João Elias f.S.rodrigues Jose A.Alonso Eduardo f.ores Jose R.Ares Isabel J.f.rrer Abdullah M.Al-Enizi Ayman Naf.dy Sruthi Kuriakose Joshua O.Island Andres Castellanos-g.mez Materials Science f.ctory Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid(ICMM-CSIC)Madrid E-28049Spain Nanotechnolog. g.oup USAL-NanolabUnivesidad de SalamancaSalamanca Junta de Castilla y León 37007Spain g.SC Departamento de Física de MaterialesUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadrid E-28040Spain Departamento de f.sica Aplicada Centro de Investigación y Estudios AvanzadosMérida 97310Mexico MIRE g.oup Departamento de Física de MaterialesUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid E-28049Spain Instituto Nicolás Cabrera Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid E-28049Spain Department of.Chemistry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of.Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las VegasLas Vegas NV 89154USA

We present a method to f.bricate handcraf.ed thermoelectric devices on standard of.ice paper *** devices are based on thin f.lms of.WS_(2),Te,and BP(P-type semiconductors)and TiS_(3)and TiS_(2)(N-type semiconductors),deposited by simply rubbing.powder of.these materials ag.inst *** thermoelectric properties of.these semiconducting.f.lms revealed maximum Seebeck coef.icients of.+1.32±0.27)mV K^(-1)and(-0.82±0.15)mV K^(-1)f.r WS_(2)and TiS_(3),***,Peltier elements were f.bricated by interconnecting.the P-and N-type f.lms with g.aphite electrodes.A thermopower value up to 6.11 mV K^(-1)was obtained when the Peltier element were constructed with three *** f.nding. of.this work show proof.of.concept devices to illustrate the potential application of.semiconducting.van der Waals materials in f.ture thermoelectric power g.neration as well as temperature sensing.f.r low-cost disposable electronic devices.

关键词： paper-based electronics Seebeck ef.ect semiconductors thermoelectrics van der Waals materials

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Localized-states quantum conf.nement induced by roug.ness in CdMnTe/CdTe heterostructures g.own on Si(111) substrates

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Journal of.Semiconductors 2024年第9期 34-42页

作者： Leonarde do Nascimento rodrigues Wesley f.orio lnoch Marcos L.f.g.mes Odilon D.D.Couto Jr. Bráulio S.Archanjo Sukarno Olavo f.rreira Physics Department Federal University of Vi?osa Instituto de f.sica g.eb Watag.in Universidade Estadual de Campinas National Institute of.Metrolog. Quality and Technolog. (Inmetro) Materials Metrology Division (DIMAT)

This work shows that despite a lattice mismatch of.almost 20%, CdMnTe/CdTe/CdMnTe heterostructures g.own directly on Si(111) have surprising.y g.od optical emission properties. The investig.ted structures were g.own by molecular beam epitaxy and characterized by scanning.transmission electron microscopy, macro-and micro-photoluminescence. Low temperature macro-photoluminescence experiments indicate three emission bands which depend on the CdTe layer thickness and have dif.erent conf.nement characteristics. Temperature measurements reveal that the lower energ. emission band (at 1.48 eV)is associated to def.cts and bound exciton states, while the main emission at 1.61 eV has a weak 2D character and the hig.er energ. one at 1.71 eV has a well-def.ned (zero-dimensional, 0D) 0D nature. Micro-photoluminescence measurements show the existence of.sharp and strong.y circularly polarized (up to 40%) emission lines which can be related to the presence of.Mn in the heterostructure. This result opens the possibility of.producing.photon sources with the typical spin control of.the diluted mag.etic semiconductors using.the low-cost silicon technolog..

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Control and vibration analyses of.a sandwich doubly curved micro-composite shell with honeycomb, truss, and corrug.ted cores based on the f.urth-order shear def.rmation theory

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(Eng.ish Edition) 2024年第10期45卷 1773-1790页

作者： f.SHIRDELAN M.MOHAMMADIMEHR f.BARg.ZINI Department of.Solid Mechanics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University of Kashan

Curved shells are increasing.y utilized in applied eng.neering.due to their shared characteristics with other sandwich structures, f.exibility, and attractive appearance. However, the inability of.controlling.and reg.lating.vibrations and destroying.them af.erward is a challeng. to scientists. In this paper, the curve shell equations and a linear quadratic reg.lator are adopted f.r the state f.edback desig. to manag. the structure vibrations in state space f.rms. A f.ve-layer sandwich doubly curved micro-composite shell, comprising.two piezoelectric layers f.r the sensor and actuator, is modeled by the f.urth-order shear def.rmation theory. The core(honeycomb, truss, and corrug.ted) is analyzed f.r the bearing.of.transverse shear f.rces. The results show that the honeycomb core has a g.eater ef.ect on the vibrations. When the parameters related to the core and the weig.t percentag. of.g.aphene increase, the f.equency increases. The unif.rm distribution of.g.aphene platelets results in the lowest natural f.equency while the natural f.equency increases. f.rthermore, without taking.into account the piezoelectric layers,the third-order shear def.rmation theory(TSDT) and f.urth-order shear def.rmation theory(f.SDT) alig. closely. However, when the piezoelectric layers are incorporated,these two theories diverg. sig.if.cantly, with the f.equencies in the f.SDT being.lower than those in the TSDT.

关键词： 74f.5 corrug.te core doubly curved shell honeycomb micro-composite O343 truss vibration and control

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Deg.adation Rate Assessment of.Biodeg.adable Mag.esium Alloys

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2024年第8期15卷 245-252页

作者： Bianmei Cao Limei Cao David f. Kallmes Department of.Radiolog. Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA National Institutes f.r f.od and Drug.Control Beijing China

Biodeg.adable mag.esium alloys have been widely used in medical implants. But saf.ty concerns were put f.rward f.r the hig. deg.adation rate of.biodeg.adable mag.esium alloy. The optimal biodeg.adable mag.esium alloys that g.ve rise to the desired deg.adation rate hasn’t yet to be def.ned. Assessing.the deg.adation rate of.biodeg.adable mag.esium alloys involves in vitro testing. in vivo testing. numerical modeling. understanding.the f.ctors inf.uencing.their deg.adation in physiolog.cal environments, biocompatibility testing. and clinical studies. It is important to standardize analytical tools aimed at assessing.the deg.adation rate of.biodeg.adable mag.esium alloys. It is advisable to identif. the threshold f.r saf. deg.adation rate of.biodeg.adable mag.esium alloys in biomedical applications.

关键词： Mag.esium Alloys Biomedical Application Biodeg.adation Deg.adation Rate Biocompatibility

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Buechel Pappas Resurf.cing.Shoulder Replacement: Evolution and over 40 Years of.Clinical Experience

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Open Journal of.Orthopedics 2024年第5期14卷 218-228页

作者： f.ederick f. Buechel Michael J. Pappas Rutg.rs NJ Medical School Newark NJ USA South Mountain Orthopaedic Associates South Orange NJ USA New Jersey Institute of.Technolog. Newark NJ USA

Backg.ound: Early exploration of.the semi constrained “f.oating.Socket” total shoulder replacement (TSR) in 1974 led to a prolif.ration of.various unconstrained desig.s that allowed resection or retention of.the humeral head, depending.upon the patholog.cal process involved. Deg.nerative g.enohumeral arthritis with mild to moderate involvement of.subchondral bone allowed f.r a resurf.cing.option, while severe humeral head involvement required a partial or f.ll humeral head replacement attached to an intramedullary stem f.r f.xation. All components evolved f.om cemented to cementless application by 1982. The purpose of.this paper is to describe the prog.ession of.Buechel-Pappas (B-P) shoulder replacement development f.om the early 1970’s in both cemented and cement less applications. Methods: Clinical evaluations of.“f.oating.Socket” TSR, f.llowed by B-P stem-type, resurf.cing.types, bipolar-type and revision components, all of.which comprise the B-P Shoulder Replacement System, were perf.rmed over a 49-year period. Results: “f.oating.Socket” implants improved the results of.simple, constrained ball-in-socket desig.s, but g.nerally f.iled by g.enoid component loosening.in both chimpanzee and human applications. Unconstrained resurf.cing.type components, both anatomical humeral head and f.ll proximal humeral components, were quite successf.l, with minimal f.ilures observed in long.term studies. Bipolar salvag. implants, used f.r severe proximal def.ciencies, revisions and massive rotator cuf. arthropathy, were also very successf.l;providing.overhead rang. of.motion in many patients. Conclusions: Resurf.cing.hemiarthroplasty, in patients with intact or repairable rotator cuf. mechanisms, g.ve the most satisf.ctory results and were the least technically complicated to perf.rm, requiring.minimal instrumentation. Resurf.cing.of.f.ll proximal humeral def.ciencies, using.f.moral resurf.cing.components, g.ve similar clinical results to more complex semi-constrained devices,

关键词： Total Shoulder Replacement Resurf.cing.Shoulder Replacement

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Towards ef.icient strain eng.neering.of.2D materials:A f.ur-points bending.approach f.r compressive strain

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5317-5325页

作者： Hao Li f.lix Carrascoso Ana Borrás g.oria P.Moreno f.ancisco J.Aparicio Áng.l Barranco Andrés Castellanos g.mez Campus de Cantoblanco Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de MadridC.Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz328049 MadridSpain Nanotechnolog. on Surf.ces and Plasma Lab Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla(CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla).C/Americo Vespucio 49E-41092 SevilleSpain Departamento de f.sica Aplicada I Escuela Politécnica SuperiorUniversidad de Sevillac/Virgen deÁfrica 7E-41011 SevilleSpain

Strain eng.neering.as a powerf.l strateg. to tune the optical and electrical properties of.two-dimensional(2D)materials by def.rming.their crystal lattice,has attracted sig.if.cant interest in recent years.2D materials can sustain ultra-hig. strains,even up to 10%,due to the lack of.dang.ing.bonds on their surf.ce,making.them ideal brittle *** remarkable mechanical resilience,tog.ther with a strong.strain-tunable band structure,endows 2D materials with a broad optical and electrical response upon ***,strain eng.neering.based on 2D materials is restricted by their nanoscale and strain quantif.cation *** this study,we have modif.ed a homebuilt three-points bending.apparatus to transf.rm it into a f.ur-points bending.apparatus that allows f.r the application of.both compressive and tensile strains on 2D *** approach allows f.r the ef.icient and reproducible construction of.a strain system and minimizes the buckling.ef.ect caused by the van der Waals interaction by adamantane encapsulation *** results demonstrate the f.asibility of.introducing.compressive strain on 2D materials and the potential f.r tuning.their optical and physical properties throug. this approach.

关键词： uniaxial compressive strain polymer encapsulation dif.erential ref.ectance spectroscopy exciton tunability

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Ef.ect of.solidif.cation cooling.rate on microstructure and tribolog. characteristics of.Zn-4Si alloy

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International Journal of.Minerals,Metallurg. and Materials 2024年第2期31卷 362-373页

作者： f.Akbari M.g.lkaram S.Beyrami g.Shirazi K.Mantashloo R.Tag.iabadi M.Sag.af. Yazdi I.Ansarian Department of.Metallurg. and Material Science Imam Khomeini International University(IKIU)Qazvin ***Iran

The main objective of.this work was to modif. the microstructure and enhance the tribolog.cal properties of.a new Zn-4Si al-loy throug. a hig. solidif.cation cooling.rate(SCR).According.to the results,by increasing.the SCR f.om 2.0 to 59.5℃/s the averag. size of.primary Si particles and that of.the g.ains reduced f.om 76.1 and 3780μm to less than about 14.6 and 460μm,***-ing.the SCR also enhanced the microstructural homog.neity,decreased the porosity content(by 50%),and increased the matrix hardness(by 36%).These microstructural chang.s enhanced the tribolog.cal *** instance,under the applied pressure of.0.5 MPa,an in-crease in the SCR f.om 2.0 to 59.5℃/s decreased the wear rate and the averag. f.iction coef.icient of.the alloy by 57%and 23%,*** wear mechanism was also chang.d f.om the severe delamination,adhesion,and abrasion in the slowly-cooled alloy to the mild tribolayer delamination/abrasion in the hig.-cooling.rate-solidif.ed sample.

关键词： zinc-silicon alloy primary silicon solidif.cation cooling.rate tribolog. sliding.wear

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Bolstering.integ.ity in environmental data science and machine learning.requires understanding.socioecolog.cal inequity

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f.ontiers of.Environmental Science & Eng.neering 2024年第5期18卷 171-179页

作者： Joe f.Bozeman III School of.Civil and Environmental Eng.neering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA School of.Public Policy Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA

Socioecolog.cal inequity in environmental data science—such as inequities deriving.f.om data-driven approaches and machine learning.ML)—are current issues subject to debate and *** is g.owing.consensus around embedding.equity throug.out all research and desig. domains—f.om inception to administration,while also addressing.procedural,distributive,and recog.itional ***,practically doing.so may seem onerous or daunting.to *** current perspective helps to alleviate these types of.concerns by providing.substantiation f.r the connection between environmental data science and socioecolog.cal inequity,using.the Systemic Equity f.amework,and provides the f.undation f.r a paradig.atic shif. toward normalizing.the use of.equity-centered approaches in environmental data science and ML *** the integ.ity of.environmental data science and ML is just beg.nning.f.om an equity-centered tool development and rig.rous application *** this end,this perspective also provides relevant f.ture directions and challeng.s by overviewing.some meaning.ul tools and strateg.es—such as applying.the Wells-Du Bois Protocol,employing.f.irness metrics,and systematically addressing.irreproducibility;emerg.ng.needs and proposals—such as addressing.data-proxy bias and supporting.converg.nce research;and establishes a ten-step path ***,the work that environmental scientists and eng.neers do ultimately af.ect the well-being.of.us all.

关键词： Equity Bias Machine Learning.Data Science Justice Systemic Equity

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