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The global epidemiology of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding in general population:A systematic review

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2023年第4期15卷 723-739页

作者： Şiir Su Saydam megan molnar Pareen Vora Integrated Evidence Generation Bayer AGBerlin 13353Germany

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB)is a common and potentially life-threatening clinical *** date,the literature on the long-term global epidemiology of GIB has not been systematically *** To systematically review the published literature on the worldwide epidemiology of upper and lower *** EMBASE®and MEDLINE were queried from 01 January 1965 to September 17,2019 to identify population-based studies reporting incidence,mortality,or casefatality rates of upper GIB(UGIB)or lower GIB(LGIB)in the general adult population,*** outcome data were extracted and summarized(including data on rebleeding following initial occurrence of GIB when available).All included studies were assessed for risk of bias based upon reporting *** Of 4203 retrieved database hits,41 studies were included,comprising a total of around 4.1 million patients with GIB worldwide from 1980–***-three studies reported rates for UGIB,four for LGIB,and four presented data on *** rates ranged from 15.0 to 172.0/100000 person-years for UGIB,and from 20.5 to 87.0/100000 person-years for *** studies reported on temporal trends,generally showing an overall decline in UGIB incidence over time,although a slight increase between 2003 and 2005 followed by a decline was shown in 5/13 ***-related mortality data were available from six studies for UGIB,with rates ranging from 0.9 to 9.8/100000 person-years,and from three studies for LGIB,with rates ranging from 0.8 to 3.5/100000 *** rate ranged from 0.7%to 4.8%for UGIB and 0.5%to 8.0%for *** of rebleeding ranged from 7.3%to 32.5%for UGIB and from 6.7%to 13.5%for *** main areas of potential bias were the differences in the operational GIB definition used and inadequate information on how missing data were *** Wide variation was seen in estimates of GIB epidemiology,likely due to high heterogeneity between studies however,UGIB sho

关键词： Gastrointestinal bleeding Gastrointestinal haemorrhage Epidemiology Incidence Mortality Case-fatality

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Deactivation of Streptococcus mutans Biofilms on a Tooth Surface Using He Dielectric Barrier Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure

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Plasma Science and Technology 2013年第6期15卷 535-541页

作者： Imola molnar Judit PAPP Alpar SIMON Sorin Dan ANGHEL Babes-Bolyai University Faculty of Biology and GeologyCluj-Napoca 400015Romania Babes-Bolyai University Faculty of PhysicsCluj-Napoca 400084Romania

This paper presents a study of the effect of the low temperature atmospheric helium dielectric barrier discharge（DBD） on the Streptococcus mutans biofilms formed on tooth surface. Pig jaws were also treated by plasma to detect if there is any harmful effect on the *** plasma was characterized by using optical emission *** data indicated that the discharge is very effective in deactivating Streptococcus mutans *** can destroy them with an average decimal reduction time（D-time） of 19 s and about 98%of thein were killed after a treatment time of 30 *** to the survival curve kinetic an overall 32 s treatment time would be necessary to perform a complete *** experimental results presented in this study indicated that the helium dielectric barrier discharge,in plan-parallel electrode configuration,could be a very effective tool for deactivation of oral bacteria and might be a promising technique in various dental clinical applications.

关键词： Streptococcus mutans dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment biofilm deactivation sterilization

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Mapping super-resolution image quality

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 178-180页

作者： megan A.Steves Ke Xu Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA

The local quality of super-resolution microscopy images can be assessed and mapped by rolling Fourier ring correlation,even when image quality varies within a single image.

关键词： image resolution Mapping

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Recent advances and future therapy development for Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1877-1878页

作者： megan Hong Gal Bitan Department of Neurology David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA Molecular Biology Institute University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA Brain Research Institute University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

Over 55 million people globally live with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)or related dementias(ADRD)and the number is expected to double every twenty *** i l recent l y,onl y symptomatic treatments were available to patients with AD,including acetylcholine esterase inhibitors,of which the last one,galantamine,was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)in 2001.

关键词： Alzheimer globally patients

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Snapshot of HIV pathogenesis in China

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Cell Research 2005年第Z1期15卷 953-961页

作者： Nitin K SAKSENA megan STEAIN Retroviral Genetics Division Centre for Virus Research Westmead Millennium Institute The University of Sydney Westmead NSW 2145 Sydney Australia

Several reviews have focused on the nature of HIV infection and its spread in various geographical regions of China. In contrast, this review provides a comprehensive update on the prevalence of multiple HIV-1 subtypes, consequent emergence of recombinant and novel forms of HIV-1 in China, and the implications this may have on HIV diversity and the development of effective vaccines. In addition it also examines the dissemination of primary drug resistance in therapy na?ve patients, as well as co-infections with two other important viruses-hepatitis B and C. The main purpose of this review is to provide a current snapshot of HIV-1 pathogenesis in China and possibly shed some light on the future of HIV evolution, and potential challenges for future vaccine and anti-retroviral therapeutics against HIV strains in this area.

关键词： HIV recombination circulating recombinant forms co-infections AIDS.

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OBSERVATION OF NONLINEAR VERTICUM-TYPE SYSTEMS APPLIED TO ECOLOGICAL MONITORING

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2012年第6期5卷 61-75页

作者： S. molnar M. GAMEZ LOPEZ Institute of Mathematics and Informatics Szent Istvdn University Department of Statistics and Applied Mathematics University of Almer~a La Carada de San Urbano 04120 Almerla Spain

In this paper the concept of a nonlinear verticumtype observation system is introduced. These systems are composed from several ＂subsystems＂ connected sequentially in a particular way： a part of the state variables of each ＂subsystem＂ also appears in the next ＂subsystem＂ as an ＂exogenous variable＂ which can also be interpreted as a con trol generated by an ＂exosystem＂. Therefore these ＂subsystems＂ are not observation systems, but formally can be considered as controlobservation systems. The problem of observability of such systems can be reduced to rank conditions on the ＂subsystems＂. Indeed, under the condition of Lyapunov stability of an equilibrium of the ＂large＂, verticumtype system, it is shown that the Kalman rank condition on the linearization of the ＂subsystems＂ implies the observability of the original, nonlinear verticumtype system. For an illustration of the above linearization result, a stagestructured fishery model with reserve area is considered. Observability for this system is obtained by applying the above linearization and decomposition approach. Furthermore, it is also shown that, applying an appropriate observer design method to each subsystem, from the observa tion of the biomass densities of the adult （harvested） stage, in both areas, the biomass densities of the prerecruit stage can be efficiently estimated.

关键词： Verticum-type system nonlinear system observability observer design fishery with reserve area.

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A Radio-Telemetry System for Navigation and Recording Neuronal Activity in Free-Roaming Rats

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2012年第4期9卷 402-410页

作者： Dian Zhang Yanling Dong megan Li Houjun Wang School of Automation Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731 P. R. China School of Medicine Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 P R. China Shandong Eye Institute Qingdao 266071 P. R. China Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore 21218 USA

A radio-telemetry recording system is presented which is applied to stimulate specific brain areas and record neuronal ac- tivity in a free-roaming rat. The system consists of two major parts： stationary section and mobile section. The stationary section contains a laptop, a Micro Control Unit （MCU）, an FM transmitter and a receiver. The mobile section is composed of the headstage and the backpack （which includes the mainboard, FM transmitter, and receiver）, which can generate biphasic mi- crocurrent pulses and simultaneously acquire neuronal activity. Prior to performing experiments, electrodes are implanted in the Ventral Posterolateral （VPL） thalamic nucleus, primary motor area （M1） and Medial Forebrain Bundle （MFB） of the rat. The stationary section modulates commands from the laptop for stimulation and demodulates signals for neuronal activity recording. The backpack is strapped on the back of the rat and executes commands from the stationary section, acquires neuronal activity, and transmits the neuronal activity singles of the waking rat to the stationary section. All components in the proposed system are commercially available and are fabricated from Surface Mount Devices （SMD） in order to reduce the size （25 mm×15 mm ×2 mm） and weight （10 g with battery）. During actual experiments, the backpack, which is powered by a rechargeable Lithium battery （4 g）, can generate biphasic microcurrent pulse stimuli and can also record neuronal activity via the FM link with a maximum transmission rate of 1 kbps for more than one hour within a 200 m range in an open field or in a neighboring chamber. The test results show that the system is able to remotely navigate and control the rat without any prior training, and acquire neuronal activity with desirable features such as small size, low power consumption and high precision when compared with a commercial 4-channel bio-signal acquisition and processing system.

关键词： bio-robot radio-telemetry microcurrent stimulation navigation neuronal activity recording

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Long-term omeprazole and esomeprazole treatment does not significantly increase gastric epithelial cell proliferation and epithelial growth factor receptor expression and has no effect on apoptosis and p53 expression

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第30期11卷 4721-4726页

作者： Istvan Hritz Laszlo Herszenyi Bela molnar Zsolt Tulassay Laszlo Pronai 2nd Department of Medicine

AIM： To study the effect of proton pump inhibitor （PPI） treatment on patients with reflux esophagitis and its in vivo effect on apoptosis, p53- and epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） expression. METHODS： After informed consent was obtained, gastric biopsies of the antrum were taken from patients with reflux oesophagitis prior to and after 6 mo of 20 mg omeprazole （n = 24） or 40 mg esomeprazole （n = 22） therapy. Patients did not take any other medications known to affect the gastric mucosa. All patients were Helicobacter pylori negative as confirmed by rapid urease test and histology, respectively. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, EGFR, and p53 expression were measured by immunohistochemical techniques. At least 600 glandular epithelial cells were encountered and results were expressed as percentage of total cells counted. Was considered statistically significant. RESULTS： Although there was a trend towards increase of cell proliferation and EGFR expression both in omeprazole and esomeprazole treated group, the difference was not statistically significant. Neither apoptosis nor p53 expression was affected. CONCLUSION： Long-term PPI treatment does not significantly increase gastric epithelial cell proliferation and EGFR expression and has no effect on apoptosis and p53 expression.

关键词： Proton pump inhibibor Omeprazole Esomeprazole Cell proliferation Apoptosis p53 expression Epidermal growth factor receptor

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Polarity, Continuity, and Alignment in Plant Vascular Strands

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2013年第9期55卷 824-834页

作者： megan G.Sawchuk Enrico Scarpella Department of Biological Sciences University of AlbertaEdmonton Alberta Canada T6G 2E9

Plant vascular cells are joined end to end along uninterrupted lines to connect shoot organs with roots;vascular strands are thus polar, continuous, and internally aligned. What controls the formation of vascular strands with these properties？ The “auxin canalization hypothesis”-based on positive feedback between auxin flow through a cell and the cell’s capacity for auxin transport-predicts the selection of continuous files of cells that transport auxin polarly, thus accounting for the polarity and continuity of vascular strands. By contrast, polar, continuous auxin transport-though required-is insufficient to promote internal alignment of vascular strands, implicating additional factors. The auxin canalization hypothesis was derived from the response of mature tissue to auxin application but is consistent with molecular and cellular events in embryo axis formation and shoot organ development. Objections to the hypothesis have been raised based on vascular organizations in callus tissue and shoot organs but seem unsupported by available evidence. Other objections call instead for further research; yet the inductive and orienting influence of auxin on continuous vascular differentiation remains unique.

关键词： Auxin transport callus tissue embryo axis leaf vein vascular network.

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A data-driven approach to modeling high-density terminal areas：A scenario analysis of the new Beijing,China airspace

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2017年第2期30卷 538-553页

作者： Max Z.Li megan S.Ryerson Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Department of City and Regional Planning University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

Airports are being developed and expanded rapidly in China to accommodate and promote a growing aviation *** future Beijing Daxing International Airport（DAX） will serve as the central airport of the JingJinJi megaregion,knitting the Beijing,Tianjin,and Hebei regions *** will be a busy airport from its inception,relieving congestion and accommodating growth from Beijing Capital International Airport（PEK）,currently the second busiest airport in the world in passengers *** aim to model terminal airspace designs and possible conflicts in the future Beijing Multi-Airport System（MAS）.We investigate standard arrival procedures and mathematically model current and future arrival trajectories into PEK and DAX by collecting large quantities of publicly available track data from historical arrivals operating within the Beijing terminal *** find that（1） trajectory models constructed from real data capture aberrations and deviations from standard arrival procedures,validating the need to incorporate data on historical trajectories with standard procedures when evaluating the airspace and（2） given all existing constraints,DAX may be restricted to using north and east arrival flows,constraining the capacity required to handle the increases in air traffic demand to *** results indicate that the terminal airspace above Beijing,and the future JingJinJi region,requires careful consideration if the full capacity benefits of the two major airports are to be realized.

关键词： Air traffic management Beijing airspace Multi-airport system Trajectory modeling Terminal airspace

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