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Approach to traumatic cardiac arrest in the emergency department: a narrative literature review for emergency providers

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第1期15卷 3-9页

作者： Rashed Alremeithi Quincy K.Tran megan T.Quintana Soroush Shahamatdar Ali Pourmand Department of Emergency Medicine George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashington DC 20037USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore 21201USA Program in Trauma the R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore 21201USA Center for Trauma and Critical Care Department of Surgerythe George Washington University School of Medicine&Health SciencesWashington DC 20037USA

BACKGROUND:Traumatic cardiac arrest(TCA)is a major contributor to mortality and morbidity in all age groups and poses a significant burden on the healthcare *** there have been advances in treatment modalities,survival rates for TCA patients remain *** narrative literature review critically examines the indications and eff ectiveness of current therapeutic approaches in treating ***:We performed a literature search in the PubMed and Scopus databases for studies published before December 31,*** search was refi ned by combining search terms,examining relevant study references,and restricting publications to the English *** the search,943 articles were retrieved,and two independent reviewers conducted a screening ***:A review of various studies on pre-and intra-arrest prognostic factors showed that survival rates were higher when patients had an initial shockable *** were conflicting results regarding other prognostic factors,such as witnessed arrest,bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR),and the use of prehospital or in-hospital *** thoracotomy was found to result in more favorable outcomes in cases of penetrating trauma than in those with blunt *** endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta(REBOA)provides an advantage to emergency thoracotomy in terms of occupational safety for the operator as an alternative in managing hemorrhagic *** implemented in the setting of aortic occlusion,emergency thoracotomy and REBOA resulted in comparable mortality ***-venous extracorporeal life support(V-V ECLS)and veno-arterial extracorporeal life support(V-A ECLS)are viable options for treating respiratory failure and cardiogenic shock,*** the context of traumatic injuries,V-V ECLS has been associated with higher rates of survival to discharge than V-A ***:TCA remains a signifi cant challenge for emergency medical services due to its high m

关键词： Traumatic cardiac arrest Emergency thoracotomy Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta

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Wildfire severity alters soil microbial exoenzyme production and fungal abundances in the southern Appalachian Mountains

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Pedosphere 2024年第5期34卷 865-878页

作者： megan L.SCHILL Richard BAIRD Shawn P.BROWN Allison M.VEACH Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at San AntonioSan Antonio TX 78249USA Biochemistry Molecular BiologyEntomology and Plant Pathology DepartmentMississippi State UniversityStarkville MS 39762USA Department of Biological Sciences The University of MemphisMemphis TN 38152USAAntonioand the University of Memphis。

Climate change has increased drought frequency and duration that are exacerbated by increased temperatures *** effect has,and will continue,to increase fire occurrence across many regions of North *** the southern Appalachian Mountains,wildfires with high burn severity occurred in 2016due to increased drought and human *** investigate the effects of burn severity on soil physicochemical properties,microbial extracellular enzyme production,and microbial abundances in a temperate region,surface soils(0-15 cm)were collected from two sites(the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Tennessee and the Nantahala National Forest in North Carolina,USA)spanning lightly,moderately,and severely burned areas,accompanied by adjacent unburned locations that act as *** soil samples were collected at three time points between 2017 and 2019(i.e.,0.5,1,and 2.5 years post-fire)among burn severity *** hydrolytic enzyme production varied over time,with severe burn plots having significantly lower enzyme production at 2.5years *** enzymes varied among burn severities and across time *** burn plots showed greater carbon-specific(β-glucosidase andβ-xylosidase)and phosphorus-specific(acid phosphatase)enzyme activities at 0.5 years post-fire,but this effect was *** 2.5 years post-fire,theβ-xylosidase and acid phosphatase activities were lower in severe or moderate burn plots relative to the *** contrast,the activity of nitrogen-specific enzyme leucyl aminopeptidase was the lowest in severe burn plots at 0.5 years post-fire,but was the lowest in light burn plots at 2.5 years *** fungi:bacteria ratio declined with burn severity,indicating that fungi are sensitive or less resilient to high burn severity during *** results suggest that wildfires alter trajectories for soil microbial structure and function within a 2.5-year timeframe,which potentially has long-term impacts on biogeochemical

关键词： burn severity extracellular enzyme fungi:bacteria ratio internal transcribed spacer microbial structure 16S rRNA

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Gastroesophageal signet ring cell carcinoma morbidity and mortality: A retrospective review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第6期16卷 1629-1636页

作者： megan Grinlinton Chris Furkert Andrew Maurice Neville Angelo Michael Booth Department of General Surgery North Shore HospitalAuckland 0620New Zealand Department of Pathology North Shore HospitalAuckland 0620New Zealand

BACKGROUND Upper gastrointestinal(GI)signet ring cell carcinomas(SRCC)confer a poor *** benefit of operative intervention for this patient group is contro-versial in terms of overall *** To investigate factors relating to survival in patients with upper GI *** A retrospective,tertiary,single-centre review of patients who were diagnosed with oesophageal,gastroesophageal junction and gastric SRCC was *** primary outcome was to compare mortality of patients who underwent operative management with those who had nonoperative ***-dary outcomes included assessing the relationship between demographic and histopathological factors,and *** One hundred and thirty-one patients were *** one-year survival for the operative group was 81%and for the nonoperative group was 19.1%.The five-year survival in the operative group was 28.6%vs 1.5%in the nonoperative *** difference in overall survival between groups was statistically significant(HR 0.19,95%CI(0.13-0.30),P<0.001).There was no difference in survival when ad-justing for age,smoking status or *** multivariate analysis,patients who underwent surgical management,those with a lower stage of disease,and those with a lower Charlson Comorbidity Index(CCI)had significantly improved *** Well-selected patients with upper GI SRCC appear to have reasonable medium-term survival following *** surgery to a carefully selected patient group may improve the outcome for this disease.

关键词： Signet ring cell carcinoma Gastric cancer Oesophageal cancer Poorly cohesive gastric cancer Diffuse gastric cancer

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Developmental rate： A unifying mechanism for sympatric divergence in postglacial fishes？

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 21-34页

作者： Mcphee, megan V. Noakes, David L. G. Allendorf, Fred W. Fisheries Division University of Alaska Fairbanks Juneau Alaska 99801 USA Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Oregon Hatchery Research Center Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331-3803 USA Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula MT 59812 USA

Morphologically divergent ecotypes arise in fish populations on postglacial time scales, and resource polymorphisms are often invoked to explain their origin. However, genetic recombination can constrain the ability of divergent selection to pro- duce reproductive isolation in sympatry. Recombination breaks up favorable combinations of traits （＂adaptive suites＂） if indivi- dual traits are affected by different loci. Recombination also breaks up any association between traits under divergent selection and traits contributing to reproductive isolation. Thus, ecological speciation in the absence of preexisting barriers to gene flow is more likely when pleiotropy minimizes the number of loci involved. Here, we revisit research conducted by Carl Hubbs in the early 1900s on the effects of developmental rate on morphological traits in fishes. Hubbs＇ work provides a mechanism to explain how sympatric divergence by trophic polymorphism can occur despite the challenges of recombination. We consider the implica- tions of Hubbs＇ observations for ecological speciation with gene flow in fishes, as well as rapid evolution in captive fish popula- tions [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 21-34, 2012].

关键词： Pleiotropy Resource polymorphism Selection-recombination antagonism

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Distinguishing Single-Metal Nanoparticles with Subdiffraction Spatial Resolution Using Variable-Polarization Fourier Transform Nonlinear Optical Microscopy

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Chemical & Biomedical Imaging 2023年第1期1卷 91-98页

作者： megan A.Steves Kenneth L.Knappenberger,Jr Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvania 16802United States California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCalifornia 94720United States

The development and use of interferometric variablepolarization Fourier transform nonlinear optical(vpFT-NLO)imaging to distinguish colloidal nanoparticles colocated within the optical diffraction limit is *** a collinear train of phase-stabilized pulse pairs with orthogonal electric ffeld vectors,the polarization of nonlinear excitation ffelds are controllably modulated between linear,circular,and various elliptical *** modulation is achieved by precise control over the time delay separating the orthogonal pulse pairs to within hundreds of *** resultant emission from gold nanorods is imaged to a 2D array detector and correlated to the excitation ffeld polarization and plasmon resonance frequency by Fourier *** nanorods with length-to-diameter aspect ratios of 2 support a longitudinal surface plasmon resonance at approximately 800 nm,which is resonant with the excitation fundamental carrier *** in the intrinsic linear and circular dichroism resulting from variation in their relative alignment with respect to the laboratory frame enable optical differentiation of nanorods separated within 50 nm,which is an approximate 5-fold improvement over the diffraction limit of the *** experimental results are supported by analytical *** addition to subdiffraction spatial resolution,the vpFT-NLO method intrinsically provides the polarization-and frequency-dependent resonance response of the nanoparticles�providing spectroscopic information content along with super-resolution imaging capabilities.

关键词： nonlinear optics polarization circular dichroism imaging Fourier transform spectroscopy plasmons super-resolution microscopy

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Phase Specific Comparisons of High and Low Vertical Jump Performance in Collegiate Female Athletes

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第4期5卷 322-327页

作者： Paul T Donahue megan Rush Ayden K McInnis Thomas Littlefield School of Kinesiology and Nutrition University of Southern MississippiHattiesburgMSUSA

Introduction Countermovement vertical jump testing has become a staple in athlete assessment *** the popularity of jump testing has grown,a need and interest has also grown in identifying the factors that underpin high-level *** jump height alone as a variable in evaluating vertical jump performance has been questioned in athletic populations,other variables such as the reactive strength index modified(RSIm)allow for not only evaluating the outcome,but the strategy used in obtaining that *** Thus,the purpose of this investigation was to examine the differences in high and low vertical jump performances,as determined by the RSIm in female collegiate *** Thirty NCAA Division I female volleyball and basketball athletes performed countermovement vertical jump trials on a force *** sample was then broken into two groups as determined by median RSIm *** sample t-test were then used to compare *** High RSIm group displayed greater jump heights(P<0.05).Additionally,the high performing group displayed lower eccentric duration times(P<0.05).No differences between groups were seen in kinetic *** The high performing group displayed faster eccentric times which translated to lower values in time to take-off though not statistical *** higher RSIm values appear to be a result of both greater jump heights and reduced time to take ***,focus being placed on the speed of the movement during training would be of benefit in improving RSIm values.

关键词： Reactive Strength Index modified Countermovement Jump Athlete Monitoring

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Applications and advancements in animal models for antiviral research on mosquito-borne arboviruses

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2024年第5期7卷 673-684页

作者： megan Caifeng Tang Ka Heng Wong Adzzie Shazleen Azman Rafidah Lani School of Science Monash University MalaysiaSunwaySelangorMalaysia Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of MedicineUniversiti MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia

Vector-borne diseases caused by arthropod-borne viruses(arboviruses) are a considerable challenge to public health globally. Mosquito-borne arboviruses, such as Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika viruses, cause a range of human illnesses and may be fatal. Currently, efforts to control these diseases still face challenges due to growing vector resistance towards insecticides, urbanization, and limited effective antiviral treatments and vaccines. Animal models are crucial in antiviral research on mosquito-borne arboviruses, playing a role in understanding disease mechanisms,vaccine development, and toxicity testing, but the application of animal models still faces the challenges of ethical considerations and animal-to-human translational success. Genetically engineered mouse models, hamster models and non-human primate(NHP) are currently used in arbovirus research, but new models such as tree shrews and novel humanized mice are emerging. In the context of Malaysian research, the use of long-tailed macaques as potential NHP models for arbovirus research is possible;however, it faces the ethical dilemma of using an endangered species for scientific purposes. Overall, animal models play a crucial role in advancing infectious disease research, but a balance between medical research and species conservation must be upheld.

关键词： animal models arbovirus biomedical research ethics i nfectious diseases

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L-Plastin deficiency produces increased trabecular bone due to attenuation of sealing ring formation and osteoclast dysfunction

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Bone Research 2020年第1期8卷 53-62页

作者： Meenakshi AChellaiah megan CMoorer Sunipa Majumdar Hanan Aljohani Sharon CMorley Vanessa Yingling Joseph PStains Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences School of DentistryUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Orthopedics University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Pediatrics Division of Infectious Diseasesand Department of Pathology and ImmunologyWashington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA Department of Kinesiology California State UniversityEast BayHaywardCAUSA

Bone resorption requires the formation of complex, actin-rich cytoskeletal structures. During the early phase of sealing ring formation by osteoclasts, L-plastin regulates actin-bundling to form the nascent sealing zones(NSZ). Here, we show that L-plastin knockout mice produce osteoclasts that are deficient in the formation of NSZs, are hyporesorptive, and make superficial resorption pits in vitro. Transduction of TAT-fused full-length L-plastin peptide into osteoclasts from L-plastin knockout mice rescued the formation of nascent sealing zones and sealing rings in a time-dependent manner. This response was not observed with mutated full-length L-plastin(Ser-5 and-7 to Ala-5 and-7) peptide. In contrast to the observed defect in the NSZ, L-plastin deficiency did not affect podosome formation or adhesion of osteoclasts in vitro or in vivo. Histomorphometry analyses in 8-and 12-week-old female L-plastin knockout mice demonstrated a decrease in eroded perimeters and an increase in trabecular bone density, without a change in bone formation by osteoblasts. This decrease in eroded perimeters supports that osteoclast function is attenuated in L-plastin knockouts. Micro-CT analyses confirmed a marked increase in trabecular bone mass. In conclusion, female L-plastin knockout mice had increased trabecular bone density due to impaired bone resorption by osteoclasts. L-plastin could be a potential target for therapeutic interventions to treat trabecular bone loss.

关键词： sealing impaired fused

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A Review: Biosensor Progression in Glucose Monitoring for Patients with Diabetes

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2024年第8期15卷 503-510页

作者： megan Sweeney Electrical Engineering Department at the University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA USA

Diabetes is a condition that can come to the surface at any point throughout a person’s life. Although Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes have different triggers that cause them to arise, a person can experience similar complications from either if not monitored and treated accordingly. Through the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, it was found that a significant way to monitor diabetes is through glucose levels in a person’s body. The research surrounding glucose monitoring dates to the mid-1800s, with the first successful reagent for glucose testing being developed in 1908. Since then, glucose sensing has become one of the most rapidly growing areas of research and development in biosensor technology, creating a competitive market for more advanced, accurate, and convenient glucose monitoring. This article reviews the history of biosensors used for glucose monitoring, and major advancements in biosensor technology to enhance performance and improve quality of life for patients with diabetes.

关键词： Biosensor Continuous Glucose Monitor SMBG Advances in Glucose Monitoring Diabetes

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What makes a cry a cry？ A review of infant distress vocalizations

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Current Zoology 2012年第5期58卷 698-726页

作者： Susan LINGLE megan T. WYMAN Radim KOTRBA Lisa J. TEICHROEB Cora A. ROMANOW Department of Biology University of Winnipeg Manitoba R3B 2E9 Canada Department of Population Health and Reproduction School of veterinary Medicine University of California-Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 U.S.A. 3 Department of Animal Science and Food Processing in Tropics and Subtropics Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Czech Republic Department of Ethology Institute of Animal Science Prague Czech Republic

In contrast to the cries of human infants, sounds made by non-human infants in different stressful behavioral contexts （hunger or physical discomfort, isolation, capture by humans or predators） are usually treated as distinct types of vocalizations. However, if distress vocalizations produced by different species and in different contexts share a common motivational state and associated neurochemical pathways, we can expect them to share a common acoustic structure and adaptive function, showing only limited variation that corresponds to the infant＇s level of arousal. Based on this premise, we review the acoustic structure and adaptive function of two types of distress calls, those given when infants were isolated from their mothers （isolation caUs） or captured by humans （capture calls）. We conducted a within-context comparison examining the two call types across a diverse se- lection of mammalian species and other vertebrate groups, followed by a comparison of how acoustic structure and function dif- fers between these contexts. In addition, we assessed acoustic traits that are critical to the response of caregivers. Across verte- brate species, distress vocalizations produced in these two behavioral contexts tend to be tonal with a simple chevron, flat or de- scending pattern of frequency modulation. Reports that both isolation and capture calls of vertebrate infants serve to attract care- givers are universal, and the fundamental frequency of infant vocalizations is often critical to this response. The results of our re- view are consistent with the hypothesis that differences in the acoustic structure of isolation and capture distress vocalizations re- flect differences in arousal, and not discrete functions. The similarity in acoustic structure and caregiver response observed across vertebrates adds support to the hypothesis that the production and processing of distress vocalizations are part of a highly-conserved system of social vocal behaviour in vertebrate

关键词： Crying Mother-infant communication Isolation calls Distress calls Motivational-structural rules Parental care Phylogeny

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