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A pathophysiology-based approach to the management ot early priapism

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第1期15卷 20-26页

作者： Jason R Kovac Siu K Mak maurice M Garcia Tom FLue Scott Department of Urology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Surgery Prince of Wales HosPital Hong Kong China Department of Urology University of California San Francisco CA 94143 USA

Priapism is a rare condition that involves persistent penile erection for greater than 4 h. Distinct variants exist, each with unique characteristics. Ischemic priapism is a painful medical emergency that may occur as a result of veno-occlusion leading to hypoxia and tissue death. Recurrent bouts of ischemic priapism, or stuttering priapism, require treatment for individual attacks as well as long-term prevention. Non-ischemic priapism is associated with trauma and may be managed conservatively. Recent advances into the pathophysiology of priapism have allowed the development of treatment algorithms that specifically target the mechanisms involved. In this review, we outline the basics of smooth muscle contraction and describe how derangement of these pathways results in priapism. A pathophysiological approach to the treatment of priapism is proposed with duration-based algorithms presented to assist in management.

关键词： algorithm ischemic management priapism T-shunt tunneling

Bioinspired Materials:From Distinct Dimensional Architecture to Thermal Regulation Properties

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第3期20卷 873-899页

作者： Xin Ling maurice I.Osotsi Wang Zhang Yu Wu Qingjun Jin Di Zhang State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Research Institute of Chemical Defense Academy of Military Sciences PLA ChinaBeijing102205China

The structural evolutions of the organisms during the development of billions of years endow them with remarkable thermal-regulation properties,which have significance to their survival against the outer versatile *** by the nature,there have been extensive researches to develop thermoregulating materials by mimicking and utilizing the advantages from the natural *** this review,the latest advances in thermal regulation of bioinspired microstructures are summarized,classifying the researches from *** representative materials are described with emphasis on the relationship between the structural features and the corresponding thermal-regulation *** one-dimensional materials,wild silkworm cocoon fibers have been involved,and the reasons for unique optical phenomena have been *** cone structure,grating and multilayer film structure are chosen as typical examples of two-dimensional *** excellent thermal performance of the three-dimensional network frame structures is the ***,a summary and outlook are given.

关键词： Bioinspired Microstructure Thermal regulation Dimension

Butterfly wing architectures inspire sensor and energy applications

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National Science Review 2021年第3期8卷 177-198页

作者： maurice I.Osotsi Wang Zhang Imran Zada Jiajun Gu Qinglei Liu Di Zhang State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Natural biological systems are constantly developing efficient mechanisms to counter adverse effects of increasing human population and depleting energy *** intelligent mechanisms are characterized by the ability to detect changes in the environment,store and evaluate information,and respond to external ***-inspired replication into man-made functional materials guarantees enhancement of characteristics and ***,butterfly architectures have inspired the fabrication of sensor and energy materials by replicating their unique micro/nanostructures,light-trapping mechanisms and selective responses to external *** bio-inspired sensor and energy materials have shown improved performance in harnessing renewable energy,environmental remediation and health ***,this review highlights recent progress reported on the classification of butterfly wing scale architectures and explores several bio-inspired sensor and energy applications.

关键词： butterfly wing architectures bio-inspired functional materials sensors energy applications

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)-Traffic Engineering and Its Strategy

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Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)-Traffic Engineering and...

作者： maurice NKALA-NIEKELE 河海大学

学位级别：硕士

近年来，因特网业务增长迅猛。随之，IP网络中承载运输的数据流量也由此急速增长;因此有效的管理分配网络中的资源以提供用户可靠或可接受的性能变的越来越重要。多协议标签(MPLS)交换技术，就是针对为解决这一问题而提出的一种技术。... 详细信息

近年来，因特网业务增长迅猛。随之，IP网络中承载运输的数据流量也由此急速增长;因此有效的管理分配网络中的资源以提供用户可靠或可接受的性能变的越来越重要。多协议标签(MPLS)交换技术，就是针对为解决这一问题而提出的一种技术。目前多数网络服务商为解决这一现象使用了流量工程(traffic engineering)技术。流量工程的目标是最优化运行网络的资源使用。本文提出了一个新的路由算法—K-Algorithm。它不同于其他路由算法，比如DORA(Dynamic Online Routing Algorithm)的一个重要特性是该算法通过扩展最短路径优先算法可以获得多条从目的到源的传输路径。同时本算法把关键路径的存在考虑在内。在OPNET中的仿真结果表明，相对DORA算法，本算法在吞吐量上有一定提高。

关键词： MPLS 流量工程算法 OPNET

Facies-succession and architecture of the third-order sequences and their stratigraphic framework of the Devonian in Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi area,South China

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2013年第1期2卷 93-108页

作者： Mei Mingxiang maurice E.Tucker School of Earth Science and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Department of Geological Sciences University of Durham

The Caledonian orogeny at the end of the Silurian resulted in great changes in the palaeogeography in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi area of South China; the continental area of the Early Paleozoic evolved into the extensive Dian-Qian-Gui Sea in the Late Paleo-zoic. Early in the Devonian, as a result of a major transgression, seawater encroached gradually from the south to the north and clastic facies were deposited. Carbonate deposition was then established in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi area, with a palaeogeography marked by attached platforms, isolated platforms and narrow basins. As a result of the Ziyun movement towards the end of the Devonian, the Upper Devonian strata are regressive and thin out from the open-sea to the land areas. A study of the nature and distribution of sedimentary facies in space and time recognises 13 third-order sequences in the Devonian strata in Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi area, and these form two second-order sequences. The strata of the Lower Devonian comprise 5 third-order sequences (SQ1 to SQ5 ), which are dominated by transgressive clastics. 4 third-order sequences (SQ6 to SQ9 ) in the Middle Devonian are characterized by alternations of transgressive clastics and highstand carbonates. In the Upper Devonian, carbonates constitute 4 third-order sequences (SQ10 to SQ13 ), which are generally marked by the transgressive limestones and highstand dolomites. On the basis of earlier biostratigraphic studies, sea-level changes represented by the third-order sequences with their different facies successions are explored, and the sequence stratigraphic framework is established. There-fore, the Devonian strata in the study area provide an example for further understanding of depositional trends within the sequence-stratigraphic framework.

关键词： sequence stratigraphy Devonian Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi area South China

Travel time reliability with and without the dynamic use of hard shoulder:Field assessment from a French motorway

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2016年第6期3卷 520-530页

作者： Neila Bhouri maurice Aron Gerard Scemama IFSTFAR/COSYS/GRETFIA Laboratory Universite Paris-EstMarne-la-vallee 77447France

Traffic management aims to ensure a high quality of service for most users by decreasing congestion and increasing safety. However, uncertainty regarding travel time decreases the quality of service and leads end-users to change their routes and schedules even when the average travel time is low, Indicators describing travel time reliability are being developed and should be used in the future both for the optimization and the assessment of active traffic management operation. This paper describes a managed lane experience on a motorway weaving section in France - hard shoulder running operation in rush hours. The paper is focused on travel time reliability indicators and their use for reliability assessment. It provides some discussions about the advantages and drawbacks of reliability indicators under different traffic conditions. It particularly shows the difference between using buffer times and buffer indexes. The paper also discusses the difficulty of interpreting the skew of travel time distribution for travel reliability,

关键词： Travel reliability Travel time Managed lanes Hard shoulder Recurrent congestion Traffic management assessment

Systematic reduction of leg muscle activity throughout a standard assessment of running footwear

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第3期11卷 309-318页

作者： maurice Mohr Vinzenzvon Tscharner Sandro Nigg Benno M.Nigg Department of Sport Science University of InnsbruckInnsbruck 6020Austria Human Performance Laboratory Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canad

Purpose This study aimed to investigate whether there is a systematic change of leg muscle activity,as quantified by surface electromyography(EMG),throughout a standard running footwear assessment protocol at a predetermined running *** Thirty-one physically active adults(15 females and 16 males)completed 5 testing rounds consisting of overground running trials at a speed of 3.5 m/*** level of muscle activity from 6 major leg muscles was recorded using surface *** variables assessed were the EMG total intensity as a function of time and the cumulative EMG overall *** effects of the chronological testing round(independent variable)on the normalized EMG overall intensity(dependent variable)were examined using Friedman analysis of variates and post hoc pairwise Wilcoxon signed-rank tests(α=0.05).Results There was a systematic reduction in overall EMG intensity for all 6 muscles over the time course of the running protocol(p<0.001)until the fourth testing round when EMG intensities reached a steady *** one exception was the biceps femoris muscle,which showed a significant reduction of EMG intensity during the stance phase(p<0.001)but not the swing phase(p=0.16).Conclusion While running at a predetermined speed,the neuromuscular system undergoes an adaptation process characterized by a progressive reduction in the activity level of major leg *** process may represent an optimization strategy of the neuromuscular system towards a more energetically efficient running *** running protocols should include a familiarization period of at least 7 min or 600 strides of running at the predetermined speed.

关键词： Muscle co-contraction Running familiarization Running footwear Running shoes Surface electromyography

Adults have more male-biased sex ratios than first-winter juveniles in wintering duck populations

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 623-637页

作者： Kevin A.Wood Kane Brides maurice E.Durham Richard D.Hearn Wildfowl&Wetlands Trust SlimbridgeGloucestershire GL27BTUK

Background:The long-term monitoring of demographic changes in waterbird populations remains limited,but such information can be valuable for conservationists and waterbird *** sex ratios can indicate differences in survival rates between *** particular,differences in the sex ratios of fledged juveniles and adults can provide insight into the development of male bias among ***:In this study,we used data from individual birds captured over a 57-year period to assess the extent,and temporal variability in male bias in nine populations of ducks wintering in the United Kingdom:Gadwall(Mareca strepera),Northern Mallard(Anas platyrhynchos),Northern Pintail(Anas acuta),Common Pochard(Aythya ferina),Common Shelduck(Tadorna tadorna),Northern Shoveler(Spatula clypeata),Eurasian Teal(Anas crecca),Tufted Duck(Aythya fuligula),and Eurasian Wigeon(Mareca penelope).Results:Overall,eight of these populations were significantly male-biased and adults were more male-biased than first-winter juveniles for all nine *** increased male bias among adults is consistent with the hypothesis that factors such as higher mortality of reproductive-age females during the breeding season is a major cause of male bias in duck ***,such predation cannot explain the male bias detected in first-winter juveniles in four of the *** temporal trends in male bias differed between adults and first-winter juveniles in Northern Mallard,Northern Pintail,Common Pochard,Common Shelduck,Eurasian Teal,Tufted Duck,and Eurasian *** the study period we found increased male bias among adult Northern Mallard,Northern Pintail,Common Pochard,Common Shelduck,and Tufted Duck as well as both adult and first-winter juvenile Northern ***:We provide evidence that among wintering duck populations,sex ratios are typically male-biased,with adults exhibiting stronger male-biased sex ratios than first-winter *** monitoring

关键词： Anseriformes Bird ringing Demography Population structure Sex ratio Waterfowl

Milankovitch-driven cycles in the Precambrian of China:The Wumishan Formation

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2013年第4期2卷 369-389页

作者： Mei Mingxiang maurice E. Tucker State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Department of Earth Sciences University of Durham

Carbonate strata of the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation in the Jixian area near Tianjin are ~3300 m thick and were deposited over some 100 million years(from ~1310±20 Ma to ~1207±10 Ma).Metre-scale cycles(parasequences) dominate the *** are generally of the peritidal carbonate type,and mostly show an approximately symmetrical lithofacies succession with thick stromatolite biostromes and small thromboliteoncolite bioherms constituting the central part and tidal-flat dolomites forming the upper and lower ***-supratidal dolomitic shales with palaeosol caps make up the topmost *** boundaries of the Wumishan cycles are typically exposure surfaces,and there is abundant evidence for fresh-water *** 1:4 stacking patterns indicate that the individual Wumishan cycles are sixthorder parasequences,with 4 parasequences constituting one fifth-order parasequence ***,5-8 beds or couplets,can be discerned in some of the *** regular vertical stacking pattern of beds within the sixth-order parasequences,forming the fifth-order parasequence sets,are interpreted as the result of environmental fluctuations controlled by Milankovitch rhythms,namely the superimposition of precession,and short and *** widespread 1:4 stacking pattern in the cyclic succession,as well as the local 1:5-8 stacking patterns of the beds within the cycles,suggest that the Milankovitch rhythms had similar ratios in the Mesoproterozoic as in the *** on the cycle stacking patterns,26 thirdorder sequences can be distinguished and these group into 6 second-order,transgressiveregressive megasequences(or sequence sets),all reflecting a composite,hierarchical succession of relative sea-level changes.

关键词： peritidal carbonate cycles Milankovitch rhythms Wumishan Formation Mesoproterozoic Tianjin North China