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Characterization of spermidine hydroxycinnamoyl transferases from eggplant (Solanum melongena l.) and its wild relative Solanum richardii Dunal

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Horticulture Research 2016年第1期3卷 21-29页

作者： Hui Peng Tianbao Yang Bruce D whitaker Frances Trouth lingfei Shangguan Wen Dong Wayne M Jurick Agricultural Research Service of U.S.Department of Agriculture Food Quality LaboratoryBeltsville Agricultural Research CenterBeltsville20705MDUSA Horticulture&landscape College Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410128HunanChina College of Horticulture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095JiangsuChina Department of Plant Science University of TennesseeKnoxville37996TNUSA

Eggplant produces a variety of hydroxycinnamic acid amides(HCAAs)that have an important role in plant development and adaptation to environmental *** this study,we identified and characterized a spermidine hydroxycinnamoyl transferase(SHT)from eggplant(Solanum melongena)and its wild relative ***,designated as SmSHT and SrSHT,*** was abundant in flowers and fruits,whereas the level of SrSHT was remarkably low in all ***-shock/drought treatment stimulated the expression of SmSHT in both leaves and fruits,indicating its involvement in plant stress *** SHT polypeptides had extremely high identity with just five amino-acid *** SmSHT catalyzed the synthesis of mono-,bi-and tri-acylated *** caffeoyl-CoA as the acyl donor,SmSHT preferred spermidine as the acyl *** spermidine was the acyl acceptor,the donor preference order for SmSHT was caffeoyl-CoA>feruloyl-CoA>ρ-*** exhibited the same substrate specificity as SmSHT,yet exhibited significantly higher catalytic activity than *** example,under caffeoyl-CoA and spermidine,Kcat of SrSHT was 37.3%higher than *** modeling suggests that five amino-acid substitutions in SrSHT result in four alterations in their predicted 3D *** particular,the conserved lys402 adjacent to the DFGWG motif,and Cys200 in the crossover loop in SmSHT were replaced by Glu and Ser in *** substitutions may contribute to the enhanced activity in *** study provides a platform to generate HCAA rich fruits for eggplant and other solanaceous crops.

关键词： donor acceptor flowers

Strawberry sweetness and consumer preference are enhanced by specific volatile compounds

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 870-884页

作者： Zhen Fan Tomas Hasing Timothy S.Johnson Drake M.Garner Michael l.Schwieterman Christopher R.Barbey Thomas A.Colquhoun Charles A.Sims Marcio F.R.Resende Vance M.whitaker Horticultural Sciences Department University of FloridaIFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education CenterWimaumaFLUSA Elo life Systems DurhamNCUSA Department of Environmental Horticulture and Plant Innovation Center Institute of Food and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Plenty Unlimited Inc.South San FranciscoCA 94080USA Food Science and Human Nutrition Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Horticultural Sciences Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA

Breeding crops for improved flavor is challenging due to the high cost of sensory evaluation and the difficulty of connecting sensory experience to chemical *** main goal of this study was to identify the chemical drivers of sweetness and consumer liking for fresh strawberries(Fragaria×ananassa).Fruit of 148 strawberry samples from cultivars and breeding selections were grown and harvested over seven years and were subjected to both sensory and chemical *** panel consisted of at least 100 consumers,resulting in more than 15,000 sensory data points per *** sugars,two acids and 113 volatile compounds were *** liking was highly associated with sweetness intensity,texture liking,and flavor intensity,but not sourness *** least square analyses revealed 20 volatile compounds that increased sweetness perception independently of sugars;18 volatiles that increased liking independently of sugars;and 15 volatile compounds that had positive effects on *** learning-based predictive models including sugars,acids,and volatiles explained at least 25%more variation in sweetness and liking than models accounting for sugars and acids *** compounds such asγ-dodecalactone;5-hepten-2-one,6-methyl;and multiple medium-chain fatty acid esters may serve as targets for breeding or quality control attributes for strawberry products.A genetic association study identified two loci controlling ester production,both on linkage group 6 ***-segregating makers in these regions can be used for increasing multiple esters *** study demonstrates a paradigm for improvement of fruit sweetness and flavor in which consumers drive the identification of the most important chemical targets,which in turn drives the discovery of genetic targets for marker-assisted breeding.

关键词： volatile sugar esters

Macromastia （large breasts）： request for breast reduction

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英国医学杂志中文版 2010年第6期13卷 380-381页

作者： K Shokrollahi I S whitaker S R Manning D Mannasiev l Y Hiew M A C S Cooper

Intraspecific variation in precipitation responses of a widespread C_(4) grass depends on site water limitation

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第2期10卷 310-321页

作者： Michael J.Aspinwall Philip A.Fay Christine V.Hawkes David B.lowry Albina Khasanova Jason Bonnette Briana K.whitaker Nicholas Johnson Thomas E.Juenger Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney UniversityHawkesbury CampusLocked Bag 1797PenrithNew South Wales 2751Australia USDA-ARS Grassland Soil and Water Research laboratory 808 East Blackland RdTempleTX 76502USA Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin1 University StationAustinTX 78712USA Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University612 Wilson RoadEast LansingMI 48824USA

Aims Variation in precipitation strongly influences plant growth,species distributions and genetic *** variation in pheno-typic plasticity,the ability of a genotype to alter its growth,morphol-ogy or physiology in response to the environment,could influence species responses to changing precipitation and climate *** this,the patterns and mechanisms of intraspecific varia-tion in plasticity to variable precipitation,and the degree to which genotype responses to precipitation are influenced by variation in edaphic conditions,remain poorly ***,we determined whether genotypes of a widespread C_(4) grass(Panicum virgatum l.,switchgrass)varied in aboveground productivity in response to changes in precipitation,and if site edaphic conditions modified genotype aboveground productivity responses to *** also determined if genotype productivity responses to precipitation are related to plasticity in underlying growth and phenological *** Nine *** genotypes originating from an aridity gradient were grown under four treatments spanning the 10th to the 90th percentiles of annual precipitation at two sites in central Texas:one site with deep,fine-textured soils and another site with shallow,coarse-textured *** measured volumetric soil water content(VWC),aboveground net primary productivity(ANPP),tiller pro-duction(tiller number),average tiller mass,canopy height,leaf area index(lAi)and flowering time on all plants at both sites and examined genotype responses to changes in *** Findings Across precipitation treatments,VWC was 39%lower and more variable at the site with shallow,coarse-textured soils compared to the site with deep,fine-textured *** averaged across genotypes and precipita-tion treatments was also 103%higher at the site with deep,fine-textured soils relative to the site with shallow,coarse-textured soils,indicating substantial differences in site water limitation.W

关键词： climate change Panicum virgatum phenology phenotypic plasticity precipitation

RosBREED:bridging the chasm between discovery and application to enable DNA-informed breeding in rosaceous crops

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 527-549页

作者： Amy F.Iezzoni Jim McFerson James luby Ksenija Gasic Vance whitaker Nahla Bassil Chengyan Yue Karina Gallardo Vicki McCracken Michael Coe Craig Hardner Jason D.Zurn Stan Hokanson Eric van de Weg Sook Jung Dorrie Main Cassia da Silva linge Stijn Vanderzande Thomas M.Davis lise l.Mahoney Chad Finn Cameron Peace Michigan State University East LansingMI 48824USA Washington State University WenatcheeWA 98801USA University of Minnesota St.PaulMN 55108USA Clemson University ClemsonSC 29634USA University of Florida WimaumaFL 33598USA USDA-ARS CorvallisOR 97333USA Washington State University PuyallupWA 98371USA Washington State University PullmanWA 99164USA Cedar lake Research Group PortlandOR 97215USA University Queensland BrisbaneQLDAustralia Wageningen University and Research 6700 AA WageningenThe Netherlands University of New Hampshire DurhamNH 03824USA

The Rosaceae crop family(including almond,apple,apricot,blackberry,peach,pear,plum,raspberry,rose,strawberry,sweet cherry,and sour cherry)provides vital contributions to human well-being and is economically significant across the *** 2003,industry stakeholder initiatives prioritized the utilization of genomics,genetics,and breeding to develop new cultivars exhibiting both disease resistance and superior horticultural ***,rosaceous crop breeders lacked certain knowledge and tools to fully implement DNA-informed breeding—a“chasm”existed between existing genomics and genetic information and the application of this knowledge in *** RosBREED project(“Ros”signifying a Rosaceae genomics,genetics,and breeding community initiative,and“BREED”,indicating the core focus on breeding programs),addressed this challenge through a comprehensive and coordinated 10-year effort funded by the USDA-NIFA Specialty Crop Research *** was designed to enable the routine application of modern genomics and genetics technologies in *** crop breeding programs,thereby enhancing their efficiency and effectiveness in delivering cultivars with producer-required disease resistances and market-essential horticultural *** review presents a synopsis of the approach,deliverables,and impacts of RosBREED,highlighting synergistic global collaborations and future *** technologies and tools developed are described,including genome-wide scanning platforms and DNA diagnostic *** of DNA-informed breeding use by project participants are presented for all breeding stages,including pre-breeding for disease resistance,parental and seedling selection,and elite selection *** chasm is now bridged,accelerating rosaceous crop genetic improvement.

关键词： breeding cultivar crops

非均匀孔隙介质中的弥散作用——(1)局部体积平均和大范围平均

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世界地质 1990年第1期9卷 164-181页

作者： O.A.plumb S.whitaker 李生彩

这里研究不考虑吸附或化学反应时,孔隙介质中的扩散和弥散作用问题。对这种问题,用局部体积平均可得到对流-弥散方程和闭合法,用该方法可获得直接理论弥散张量。这种方法涉及三个长度尺度:l_(?)、孔隙直径;r_0,平均体积半径;l宏观长度尺... 详细信息

这里研究不考虑吸附或化学反应时,孔隙介质中的扩散和弥散作用问题。对这种问题,用局部体积平均可得到对流-弥散方程和闭合法,用该方法可获得直接理论弥散张量。这种方法涉及三个长度尺度:l_(?)、孔隙直径;r_0,平均体积半径;l宏观长度尺度,并用表征单元体确定弥散张量。最早是用综合单元体来捕捉观测的弥散现象,并自然引入另一长度尺度,即与局部非均质有关的长度尺度。为解决这一问题,我们建议用大范围平均来说明局部非均质的影响。这就产生一大范围的对流-弥散方程,该方程包含有时间导数的附加项,时间导数是由于出现非均质产生的,在传统的局部体积平均对流-弥散方程中并不存在。第一新项是关于时间的二阶导数,它可能对地下水运移过程中时间尺度并不重要,然而对小范围的实验室试验可能是重要的;第二新项包括一个混合空间时间导数,它对有实际意义的许多情况可能是重要的。这里提出的闭合法方案考虑了理论上确定在大范围对流-弥散方程中出现的所有参数。

关键词：孔隙介质平均体积大范围长度范围局部非均质非均匀非均质性纵向弥散系数对流一弥散方程时间导数

The Use of the Matrix Method for the Study of Human Motion:Theory and Applications

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生物医学工程学杂志 2003年第3期20卷 375-383页

作者： Jesse A.Fisk Savio l-Y.Woo Musculoskeletal Research Center Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghMusculoskeletal Research CenterDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh PA 15213USAPA 15213USA

Kinematics has been successfully used to describe body motion without reference to the kinetics (or forces causing the motion). In this article, both the theory and applications of the matrix method are provided to describe complex human motion. After the definition of a Cartesian coordinate frame is introduced, the description of transformations between multiple coordinate frames is given; the decomposition of a transformation matrix into anatomical joint motion parameters (e.g. Euler angles) is then explained. The advantages of the matrix method are illustrated by three examples related to biomechanical studies. The first describes a reaching and grasping task in which matrix transformations are applied to position the hand with respect to an object during grasping. The second example demonstrates the utility of the matrix method in revealing the coupling motion of the wrist between flexion-extension and radial-ulnar deviation. The last example highlights the indispensable use of the matrix method for the study of knee biomechanics, including the description of knee joint kinematics during functional activities and determination of in-situ ligament forces using robotic technology, which has advanced our understanding of the functions of the cruciate ligaments to knee joint kinematics. It is hoped that the theoretical development and biomechanical application examples will help the readers apply the matrix method to research problems related to human motion.

关键词：人类运动矩阵运动学生物医学

Immunomodulatory nanodiamond aggregate-based platform for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2019年第3期6卷 163-174页

作者： Amanda Pentecost Min Ju Kim Sangmin Jeon Young Ji Ko Ick Chan Kwon Yury Gogotsi Kwangmeyung Kim Kara l.Spiller Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA School of Biomedical Engineering Scienceand Health SystemsDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea UniversitySeoulSouth Korea Biomedical Research Institute Center for TheragnosisKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoulSouth Korea

We previously demonstrated that octadecylamine-functionalized nanodiamond(ND-ODA)and dexamethasone(Dex)-adsorbed ND-ODA(ND-ODA–Dex)promoted anti-inflammatory and proregenerative behavior in human macrophages in *** this study,we performed a pilot study to investigate if these immunomodulatory effects translate when used as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis in *** local injection in limbs of mice with collagen type II-induced arthritis,microcomputed tomography showed that mice treated with a low dose of ND-ODA and ND-ODA–Dex did not experience bone loss to the levels observed in non-treated arthritic controls.A low dose of ND-ODA and ND-ODA–Dex also reduced macrophage infiltration and expression of proinflammatory mediators iNOS and tumor necrosis factor-a compared to the arthritic control,while a high dose of ND-ODA increased expression of these ***,these results suggest that ND-ODA may be useful as an inherently immunomodulatory platform,and support the need for an in-depth study,especially with respect to the effects of dose.

关键词： drug delivery nanobiomaterials biomaterial–cell interaction

Using General and Specific Combining Ability to Further Advance Strawberry（Fragaria sp.）Breeding

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Using General and Specific Combining Ability to Further Adva...