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Stochastic Simulation of Saline Intrusion in the Coastal Aquifer of Saloum, Senegal

Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第8期15卷 863-873页

作者： Seyni Ndoye Amadou Sarr mathieu le coz Cheikh Becaye Gaye Moumtaz Razack Philippe le Coustumer Laboratoire Eau-Energie-Environnement-Procds industriels (le3PI) Ecole Suprieure Polytechnique Universit Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar Sngal Dpartement de Gologie Facult des Sciences et Techniques Universit Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sngal CNRS UMR 7285 IC2MP Universit de Poitiers Poitiers France Bordeaux Imaging Center CNRS UAR3420-INSERM US4 Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France

In the Saloum region of central-western Senegal, water needs are essentially met by tapping an underground aquifer associated with the sandy-clay formations of the Continental Terminal, in contact with both the ocean to the west and the highly saline waters of the Saloum River to the north. In this estuarine and deltaic zone with its very low relief, the hydraulic loads in the water tables are generally close to zero or even negative, creating a reversal of the natural flow and encouraging saline intrusion into this system, which makes it very vulnerable. This study concerns the implementation of a numerical model of saline intrusion to provide a better understanding of the vulnerability of the water table by analyzing the variability of the freshwater/saltwater interface. The Modflow-2005 code is used to simulate saline intrusion using the SWI2 module, coupled with the GRASS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) software under the Linux operating system with the steep interface approach. The probable expansion of the wedge is studied in three scenarios, taking into account its position relative to the bedrock at 1 m, 5 m and 10 m. Simulations carried out under imposed potential and river conditions, based on variations in groundwater reserves using two effective porosity values, 10−1 and 10−2, show that the water table is highly vulnerable in the northwest sector. The probable expansion of the wedge increases as the storage coefficient decreases and is more marked with river conditions in the areas surrounding the Saloum River, reaching 6 km with a probability of 1. The probability of the wedge reaching a certain degree of expansion decreases from 1 to 0.5, and then cancels out as it moves inland. The probable position of the wedge is limited to 500 m or even 1 km depending on the corner around the coast to the southwest and in the southern zone. This modelling, carried out under natural conditions, will be developed further, taking into account climatic p

关键词： Saline Intrusion Stochastic Modelling Modflow SWI2 Grass GIS Aquifer Saloum Senegal

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Assessment of Groundwater Resources in a Complex Volcanic Reservoir with Limited Data Sets in a Semi-Arid Context Using a Novel Stochastic Approach. The Goda Volcanic Massif, Republic of Djibouti

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2018年第1期10卷 106-120页

作者： Ibrahim M. Ahmed mathieu le coz Mohamed Jalludin Paul Sardini Moumtaz Razack University of Poitiers Poitiers France Centre d’études et de Recherches de Djibouti (CERD) Djibouti Republic of Djibouti

This work focuses on the modeling and evaluation of water resources in complex aquifer systems and the use of scarce data. The modeling work is developed based on the GLUE (Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation) method. This method is still little used in hydrogeology, although its applications in other disciplines such as hydrology proved quite efficient. The study site, located in the Republic of Djibouti (Horn of Africa), is represented by the volcanic massif of Goda. The hydraulic properties of this massif are highly heterogeneous since they are associated with fracturing and weathering of the geological formations. The data are too few to enable a conventional modeling approach of this volcanic system. The implementation of the GLUE method in a numerical groundwater flow model allowed developing a stochastic analysis of the spatial distribution of the hydraulic conductivity and the recharge modalities of this complex volcanic system. The hydraulic conductivities range from 10-6 to 10-8 m·s-1 for the basalt and the rhyolite formations (values are yet generally lower for rhyolites) and are higher than 5 × 10-7 for the sedimentary formations. In addition, considering diffuse recharge as the main mechanism by which the precipitation reaches the aquifer results in more consistent groundwater head simulations than considering only indirect recharge. The average recharge amount estimated for the Goda aquifer system is 28 mm·yr-1. The results led to a numerical representation of this system, with the least uncertainty. This model was able to estimate the available water resources of this system. This result is important because the Goda system supplies water to the city of Tadjourah. Assessment of available resources is vital for the future development of this city. From a methodological point of view, the GLUE method proved very promising for water resources assessment in complex hydrogeological systems for which little data are available.

关键词： Water Resources Stochastic Modeling GLUE Volcanic Systems Goda Aquifer Djibouti

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Hydrochemical and Isotopic Characteristics of the Basement Aquifer in the Wadi Fira Area, Eastern Chad

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2017年第13期9卷 1688-1708页

作者： Hamza B. Mahamat mathieu le coz Hamit Abderamane Paul Sardini Moumtaz Razack University of Poitiers Poitiers France Departement of Geology Polytechnic Institute of Mongo N’Djamena Chad Departement of Geology Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences University of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad

The Wadi-Fira region in eastern Chad is facing dramatic water supply problems, related to the climatic semi-arid context and the reception of refugees from the Darfour, which has increased the local population by 22% these last years. Expansion of agglomerations (temporary new towns), development of agricultural and pastoral practices together with the augmentation of the population have led to dramatic water needs. The basement aquifer of Wadi-Fira constitutes the main source of water supply. However, little is known about this system. Within this context, this work aims at better understanding and identifying hydrogeochemical processes and their relations to groundwater quality within this complex environment, and groundwater recharge mechanisms. 31 groundwater samples were collected at two sites, Am Zoer and Guereda-Iriba, from hand dug wells and deep wells. Major chemical elements were analyzed on all samples and stables isotopes (oxygen-18 and deuterium) on 17 samples. Various methods were used to interpret the hydrochemical data (descriptive and multivariate statistics, Piper and Schoeller diagrams, scatter plots, minerals saturation indices). The stable isotopes were interpreted using conventional IAEA methods. The results permitted to differentiate the laterite reservoir from the deep fractured reservoir. The main process controlling groundwater mineralization is water-rocks interaction and natural minerals dissolution. Ion exchanges, evaporation and anthropogenic activities have also a moderate impact on groundwater quality. Based on isotopes data, it is concluded that groundwater in the basement aquifer is related with modern rainfall. These results provide further insights into this basement aquifer, which is a vital resource for the region of Wadi-Fira.

关键词： Wadi-Fira Chad Basement Aquifer Hydrochemistry Stable Isotopes

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Multi-dimensional Simulation of Phase Change by a 0D-2D Model Coupling via Stefan Condition

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2023年第2期5卷 853-884页

作者： Adrien Drouillet Romain le Tellier Raphaël Loubère mathieu Peybernes Louis Viot Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux Universitéde Bordeaux33405 Talence CedexFrance CEA-DES-IRESNE-DTN CEA Cadarache13108 Saint Paul-lez-DuranceFrance

Considering phase changes associated with a high-temperature molten material cooled down from the outside,this work presents an improvement of the modelling and the numerical simulation of such processes for an application pertaining to the safety of light water nuclear *** a core meltdown accident,the behaviour of the core melt(aka corium)into a steel vessel is of tremendous importance when evaluating the vessel *** correctly the heat fluxes requires the numerical simulation of the interaction between the liquid material and its solid counterpart which forms during the solidification process,but also may melt *** simulate this configuration,encoun-tered in various industrial applications,one considers a bi-phase model constituted by a liquid phase in contact and interaction with its solid *** liquid phase may solidify in presence of low energetic source,while the solid phase may melt due to an intense heat flux from the high-temperature *** the frame of the in-house legacy code,several simplifying assumptions(0D multi-layer discretization,instantaneous heat transfer via a quadratic temperature profile in solids)are made for the modelling of such phase *** the present work,these shortcomings are illustrated and further overcome by solving a 2D heat conduction model in the solid by a mixed Raviart-Thomas finite element method coupled to the liquid phase due to heat and mass exchanges through Stefan *** liquid phase is modeled with a 0D multi-layer *** 0D-liquid and 2D-solid mod-els are coupled by a Stefan like phase change interface *** sanity checks are performed to assess the validity of the approach on 1D and 2D academical configurations for which exact or reference solutions are *** more advanced situations(genu-ine multi-dimensional phase changes and an"industrial-like scenario")are simulated to verify the appropriate behavior of the obtained coupled simulation schem

关键词： Simulation of phase change Fusion Solidification 0D multi-layer model 2D heat conduction model Model coupling

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GRAND: Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection

GRAND: Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection

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中国天文学会2016年学术年会

作者： le coz Sandra 国家天文台

GRAND would be the greatest neutrino(with energy>0^17e V)air showers detector in the *** might cover 200 10^3 km2 in the Tianshan mountain area in China,with 200 10^3 three-armed MHz *** would indirectly

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Soil properties, grassland management, and landscape diversity drive the assembly of earthworm communities in temperate grasslands

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Pedosphere 2021年第3期31卷 375-383页

作者： Kevin HOEFFNER mathieu SANTONJA CécileMONARD Lou BARBE Mathilde leMOING Daniel CLUZEAU University of Rennes CNRSECOBIO UMR 6553Rennes F-35000France INRAE AGROCAMPUS OUEST UMR SASRennes F-35000France Aix Marseille Université Avignon UniversitéCNRSIRDIMBEMarseille F-13397France

Earthworms are widespread soil organisms that contribute to a wide range of ecosystem *** such,it is important to improve our knowledge,still scanty,of the factors that drive the assembly of earthworm *** aim of the present study was to conjointly evaluate the effects on the assembly of earthworm communities of i)soil properties(texture,organic matter content,and pH),ii)grassland management(grassland age,livestock unit,and type of fertilization),iii)landscape diversity(richness,diversity of surrounding habitats,and grassland plant diversity),and iv)presence of *** study was conducted in temperate grasslands of Brittany,*** were sampled in 24 grasslands and,in three of these grasslands,they were sampled near a hedgerow or near a ditch(control without a hedgerow).Soil properties explained the larger portion of the variation in the earthworm community parameters compared to grassland management or landscape *** increase in soil organic matter content and pH were the most favorable factors for earthworm abundance and biomass,in particular for endogeic *** grassland management,the increase in the livestock unit was the most damaging factor for earthworm communities,in particular for the anecic earthworm biomass and endogeic species ***,landscape diversity negatively affected the total earthworm abundance and epigeic earthworm biomass,but it was related to an increase in the epi-anecic *** a finer scale,we also demonstrated that the presence of hedgerows surrounding grasslands enhanced earthworm species richness,especially within the epigeic and anecic ecological *** study highlights that the earthworm ecological categories respond specifically to environmental filters;further studies need to be conducted to elucidate the factors that drive the assembly of earthworm communities at this ecological category *** recommend that policymakers should act on landscape man

关键词： ecological categoryfield marginhedgerowlivestock unitsoil organic mattersoil PHtrampling

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Genome-wide association mapping in a sweet cherry germplasm collection(Prunus avium L.)reveals candidate genes for fruit quality traits

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Horticulture Research 2023年第10期10卷 227-249页

作者： Armel S.L.Donkpegan Anthony Bernard Teresa Barreneche José Quero-García Hélène Bonnet mathieu Fouché Loïck le Dantec Bénédicte Wenden Elisabeth Dirlewanger UMR BFP INRAEUniversity of Bordeaux71 Avenue Edouard BourlauxF-33882 Villenave d’OrnonFrance UMR BOA SYSAAFCentre INRAE Val de Loire37380 NouzillyFrance

In sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.),large variability exists for various traits related to fruit *** is a need to discover the genetic architecture of these traits in order to enhance the efficiency of breeding strategies for consumer and producer *** this objective,a germplasm collection consisting of 116 sweet cherry accessions was evaluated for 23 agronomic fruit quality traits over 2-6 years,and characterized using a genotyping-by-sequencing *** SNP coverage collected was used to conduct a genome-wide association study using two multilocus models and three reference *** identified numerous SNP-trait associations for global fruit size(weight,width,and thickness),fruit cracking,fruit firmness,and stone size,and we pinpointed several candidate genes involved in phytohormone,calcium,and cell wall ***,we conducted a precise literature review focusing on the genetic architecture of fruit quality traits in sweet cherry to compare our results with potential colocalizations of marker-trait *** study brings new knowledge of the genetic control of important agronomic traits related to fruit quality,and to the development of marker-assisted selection strategies targeted towards the facilitation of breeding efforts.

关键词： breeding germplasm traits

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Embedding MSCs in Si-HPMC hydrogel decreased MSC-directed host immune response and increased the regenerative potential of macrophages

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2022年第1期9卷 490-500页

作者： Christelle Demarquay Lara Moussa Gildas Réethorée Fabien Milliat Pierre Weiss Noëlle mathieu Human Health Department IRSNFrench Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear SafetySERAMEDLRMedFontenay-aux-Roses 92262France Facultéde Chirurgie Dentaire Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton(RMeS)LaboratoryUniversite de NantesNantes 44042France

Embedding mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)in biomaterial is a subject of increasing interest in the field of Regenerative *** up the clinical use of MSCs is dependent on the use of non-syngeneic models in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practices(GMP)requirements and on *** this end,in this study,we analyzed the in vivo host immune response following local injection of silanized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(Si-HPMC)-embedded human MSCs in a rat model developing colorectal damage induced by ionizing *** and lymphocytes from mesenteric lymph nodes were harvested in addition to colonic *** set up tests,using flow cytometry and a live imaging system,to highlight the response to specific antibodies and measure the cytotoxicity of lymphocytes against injected *** demonstrated that Si-HPMC protects MSCs from specific antibodies production and from apoptosis by *** also observed that Si-HPMC does not modify innate immune response infiltrate in vivo,and that in vitro co-culture of Si-HPMC-embedded MSCs impacts macrophage inflammatory response depending on the microenvironment but,more importantly,increases the macrophage regenerative response through Wnt-family and VEGF gene *** study furthers our understanding of the mechanisms involved,with a view to improving the therapeutic benefits of biomaterial-assisted cell therapy by modulating the host immune *** decrease in specific immune response against injected MSCs protected by Si-HPMC also opens up new possibilities for allogeneic clinical use.

关键词： Si-HPMC hydrogel mesenchymal stromal cells host immune response regenerative medicine

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Cancer drug resistance: rationale for drug delivery systems and targeted inhibition of HSP90 family proteins

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2019年第3期2卷 381-398页

作者： Clélia mathieu Samir Messaoudi Elias Fattal Juliette Vergnaud-Gauduchon Institut Galien Paris-Sud CNRSUMR 8612UniversitéParis-Sud/Paris-SaclayChâtenay-Malabry 92296France BioCIS CNRSUMR 8076UniversitéParis-Sud/Paris-SaclayChâtenay-Malabry 92296France.

Nanocarriers have been developed in order to protect drugs or to improve drugs efficiency by reaching the damaged tissue and avoiding systemic and local *** using HSP90 inhibitors,some cancer drug resistances have been overcome and the loading into nanocarriers of such drugs has shown an increase of their *** review will present some advantages of HSP90 inhibitors to treat resistant tumors;especially those targeting the mitochondrial protein *** will also focus on the targeting of the primary tumors,cancer stem cells and metastatic cells.

关键词： Heat-shock proteins cancer resistance nanoparticles

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The Apollon 10 PW laser: experimental and theoretical investigation of the temporal characteristics

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2016年第3期4卷 127-133页

作者： D.N.Papadopoulos J.P.Zou C.le Blanc G.Chriaux P.Georges F.Druon G.Mennerat P.Ramirez L.Martin A.Frneaux A.Beluze N.lebas P.Monot F.mathieu P.Audebert Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses CNRSEcole Polytechnique Laboratoire Charles Fabry UMR 8501 Institut d'OptiqueCNRS Univ Paris Sud CEA Iramis SPAM

The objective of the Apollon 10 PW project is the generation of 10 PW peak power pulses of 15 fs at 1 shot min^(-1). In this paper a brief update on the current status of the Apollon project is presented, followed by a more detailed presentation of our experimental and theoretical investigations of the temporal characteristics of the laser. More specifically the design considerations as well as the technological and physical limitations to achieve the intended pulse duration and contrast are discussed.

关键词： high intensity lasers spatiotemporal effects ultrafast lasers

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