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Apoptosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第25期24卷 2661-2672页

作者： Tatsuo Kanda Shunichi Matsuoka Motomi Yamazaki Toshikatsu Shibata Kazushige Nirei Hiroshi takahashi Tomohiro Kaneko Mariko Fujisawa Teruhisa Higuchi Hitomi Nakamura Naoki Matsumoto Hiroaki Yamagami masahiro Ogawa Hiroo Imazu Kazumichi Kuroda Mitsuhiko Moriyama Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Nihon University School of Medicine

The number of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases(NAFLD) including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), has been increasing. NASH causes cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and is one of the most serious health problems in the world. The mechanism through which NASH progresses is still largely unknown. Activation of caspases, Bcl-2 family proteins, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-induced hepatocyte apoptosis plays a role in the activation of NAFLD/NASH. Apoptotic hepatocytes stimulate immune cells and hepatic stellate cells toward the progression of fibrosis in the liver through the production of inflammasomes and cytokines. Abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism as well as microbiota accelerate these processes. The production of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress is also involved. Cell death, including apoptosis, seems very important in the progression of NAFLD and NASH. Recently, inhibitors of apoptosis have been developed as drugs for the treatment of NASH and may prevent cirrhosis and HCC. Increased hepatocyte apoptosis may distinguish NASH from NAFLD, and the improvement of apoptosis could play a role in controlling the development of NASH. In this review, the association between apoptosis and NAFLD/NASH are discussed. This review could provide their knowledge, which plays a role in seeing the patients with NAFLD/NASH in daily clinical practice.

关键词： Apoptosis Autophagy c-Jun N-terminal kinase Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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Application of Scanning Acoustic Microscopy for Detection of Dental Caries Lesion

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2023年第1期13卷 12-24页

作者： Yukihiro Naganuma Kouki Hatori masahiro Iikubo Masatoshi takahashi Yoshihiro Hagiwara Kazuto Kobayashi Atsushi takahashi Kumi Hoshi Yoshifumi Saijo Keiichi Sasaki Clinics of Dentistry for Disabled Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan Department of Prosthetic Dentistry Ohu University School of Dentistry Koriyama Japan Division of Dental Informatics and Radiology Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan Division of Dental Biomaterials Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Tohoku University School of Medicine Sendai Japan Honda Electronics Co. Ltd. Toyohashi Japan Biomedical Imaging Laboratory Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Japan Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan

Introduction: A scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) is an apparatus for imaging acoustic properties. This apparatus can non-invasively and rapidly evaluate the hardness of materials in the elastic region. This device shows great potential for the diagnosis of dental caries in the clinical setting. However, since the tissue elastic modulus measured using a SAM is a property of the elastic region and the Knoop hardness is a property of the plastic region, the hardness properties differ completely. Therefore, we investigated whether the acoustic impedance measured using a SAM is related to the Knoop hardness, which is used as the standard for removal of carious dentin. Method: Polished sections were prepared from 20 extracted carious wisdom teeth. The acoustic impedance and Knoop hardness were measured for each section. In addition to comparing carious and healthy dentin in SAM images, we evaluated the difference between the carious and healthy dentin in terms of the acoustic impedance and Knoop hardness. We also evaluated the correlation between the Knoop hardness and acoustic impedance. Results: The SAM images were visualized as two-dimensional color images based on the acoustic impedance values. The mean acoustic impedance of carious dentin was significantly lower than that of healthy dentin, showing a similar trend as Knoop hardness. A strong correlation was observed between the two. Discussion: The acoustic impedance values obtained through acoustic microscopy differed significantly between carious and sound dentin. Both types of dentins were visualized using two-dimensional color images. A strong correlation was observed between the acoustic impedance value, which indicates the hardness of the elastic region, and the Knoop hardness, which indicates the hardness of the plastic region. The results of the present study indicate that acoustic impedance accurately reflects the hardness of dentin.

关键词： Scanning Acoustic Microscope Acoustic Impedance Caries Knoop Hardness

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Characterization of chlorine and heavy metals for the potential recycling of bottom ash from municipal solid waste incinerators as cement additives

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第4期10卷 43-51页

作者： Boran WU Dongyang WANG Xiaoli CHAI Fumitake takahashi Takayuki SHIMAOKA State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Department of Environmental Science and Technology Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama 226-8502 Japan Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan

Bottom ash is an inevitable by-product fi＇om municipal solid waste （MSW） incineration plants. Recycling it as additives for cement production is a promising disposal method. However, the heavy metals and chlorine are the main limiting factors because of the potential environmental risks and corrosion of cement kilns. Therefore ,investigating heavy metal and chlorine characteristics of bottom ash is the significant prerequisite of its reuse in cement industries. In this study, a correlative analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of the MSW components and collection mode on the heavy metal and chlorine characteristics in bottom ash. The chemical speciation of insoluble chlorine was also investigated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that industrial waste was the main source of heavy metals, especially Cr and Pb, in bottom ash. The higher contents of plastics and kitchen waste lead to the higher chlorine level （0.6 wt.%-0.7 wt.%） of the bottom ash. The insoluble chlorine in the MSW incineration bottom ash existed primarily as AlOCl, which was produced under the high temperature （1250℃） in incinerators.

关键词： Bottom ash ChlorineHeavy metals Waste inputs Synchrotron X-ray diffraction AlOCl

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Atomic force microscopy analysis of orientation and bending of oligodeoxynucleotides in polypod-like structured DNA

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Nano Research 2015年第12期8卷 3764-3771页

作者： Tomoki Shiomi Mengmeng Tan Natsuki takahashi Masayuki Endo Tomoko Emura Kumi Hidaka Hiroshi Sugiyama Yuki takahashi Yoshinobu Takakura Makiya Nishikawa Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan

We previously demonstrated that polypod-like structured DNA, or polypodna, constructed with three or more oligodeoxynucleotides （ODNs）, is efficiently taken up by immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages, depending on its structural complexity. The ODNs comprising the polypodna should bend to form the polypod-like structure, and may do so by adopting either a bend- type conformation or a cross-type conformation. Here, we tried to elucidate the orientation and bending of ODNs in polypodnas using atomic force microscopy （AFM）. We designed two types of pentapodnas （i.e., a polypodna with five pods） using 60- to 88-base ODNs, which were then immobilized on DNA origami frames. AFM imaging showed that the ODNs in the pentapodna adopted bend-type conformations. Tetrapodna and hexapodna also adopted bend-type conformations when they were immobilized on frames under unconstrained conditions. These findings provide useful information toward the coherent design of, and the structure-activity relationships for, a variety of DNA nanostructures.

关键词： DNA nanostructure atomic force microscopy self-asse nanotechology structure-activity relationship

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Molecular anatomy and pathogenic actions of Helicobacter pylori CagA that underpin gastric carcinogenesis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第1期17卷 50-63页

作者： Atsushi takahashi-Kanemitsu Christopher T.Knight Masanori Hatakeyama Department of Microbiology Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan

Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori cagA-positive strains is the strongest risk factor for gastric *** cagA gene product,CagA,is delivered into gastric epithelial cells via the bacterial type IV secretion *** CagA then undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation at the Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala(EPIYA)motifs in its C-terminal region and acts as an oncogenic scaffold protein that physically interacts with multiple host signaling proteins in both tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent and-independent *** of CagA using in vitro cultured gastric epithelial cells has indicated that the nonphysiological scaffolding actions of CagA cell-autonomously promote the malignant transformation of the cells by endowing the cells with multiple phenotypic cancer hallmarks:sustained proliferation,evasion of growth suppressors,invasiveness,resistance to cell death,and genomic *** expression of CagA in mice leads to in vivo oncogenic action of CagA without any overt *** in vivo oncogenic activity of CagA is further potentiated in the presence of chronic *** Helicobacter pylori infection triggers a proinflammatory response in host cells,a feedforward stimulation loop that augments the oncogenic actions of CagA and inflammation is created in CagA-injected gastric *** that Helicobacter pylori is no longer colonized in established gastric cancer lesions,the multistep nature of gastric cancer development should include a“hit-and-run”process of CagA ***,acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations that compensate for CagA-directed cancer hallmarks may be required for completion of the“hit-and-run”process of gastric carcinogenesis.

关键词： cagA/CagA Helicobacter pylori SHP2 PAR1 inflammation “hit-and-run”carcinogenesis

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Micro-scale Additive Manufacturing Using the Optical Potential Generated by a Bessel Beam

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2020年第4期3卷 292-298页

作者： Masaki Michihata Makoto Yokei Shotaro Kadoya Satoru takahashi Department of Precision Engineering The University of Tokyo7-3-1 HongoBunkyoTokyo 113-8654Japan Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology The University of Tokyo4-6-1 KomabaMeguroTokyo 153-8904Japan

In this study,we proposed a novel micro-scale additive manufacturing method based on the optical potential formed by a Bessel *** proposed technique is expected to show no deterioration in manufacturing resolution due to heat genera-tion,to be applicable to various materials,and to be able to be performed in an air *** basic principle of the proposed method involves accumulating and stacking particles dispersed in air by using optical radiation *** this paper,the trajectory of the accumulated particles was numerically estimated and experimentally *** numerical and experimental results agreed well;specfially,the back ground flow carried the particles to the optical axis of the Bessel beam,and then the particles were localized at the bottom of the optical potential valley on the ***,a pillar structure was fabricated with polystyrene particles having a diameter of 1 um,which indicated that the proposed technique was promising for practical applications.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Optical radiation pressure Optical trapping potential Bessel beam Nanoparticles

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SNOM Observations of Surface Plasmon Polaritons on Metal Heterostructures

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Chinese Physics Letters 2007年第10期24卷 2827-2829页

作者： KITAZAWA Tazuko MIYANISHI Shintaro MURAKAMI Yoshiteru KOJIMA Kunio takahashi Akira Advanced Technology Research Laboratories SHARP CORPORATION 2613-1 Ichinomoto-cho Tenri Nara Japan

We observe surface plasmon polariton （SPP） refraction on a metal heterostructured sample with a scattered-type scanning near-field optical microscope （SNOM）. The sample consists of AI and Au in-plane whose boundary is smooth enough with proper etching time. SPPs excited on the AI film travel to the boundary and a portion of SPPs propagates into the Au film. In addition, interference fringes appear in the SNOM image bent at the boundary. The result is analysed with effective index method and the refracted angle is explained by Shell＇s law.

关键词： LIGHT

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Pseudogap,Fermi arc,and Peierls-insulating phase induced by 3D-2D crossover in monolayer VSe2

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Nano Research 2019年第1期12卷 165-169页

作者： Yuki Umemoto Katsuaki Sugawara Yuki Nakata Takashi takahashi Takafumi Sato Department of Physics Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8578Japan WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan Center for Spintronics Research Network Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan

One of important challenges in condensed-matter physics is to realize new quantum states of matter by manipulating the dimensionality of materials,as represented by the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in atomic-layer pnictides and room-temperature quantum Hall effect in *** sition-metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)provide a fertile platform for exploring novel quantum phenomena accompanied by the dimensionality change,since they exhibit a variety of electronic/magnetic states owing to quantum *** we report an anomalous metal-i nsulator transition in duced by three-dimensional(3D)-two-dimensional(2D)crossover in mono layer 1T-VSe2 grown on bilayer *** observed a complete insulating state with a finite energy gap on the entire Fermi surface in monolayer 1T-VSe2 at low temperatures,in sharp contrast to metallic nature of *** surprisingly,monolayer 1T-VSe2 exhibits a pseudogap with Fermi arc at temperatures above the charge-density-wave temperature,showing a close resemblanee to high-temperature *** similarity suggests a common underlying physics between two apparently different systems,pointing to the importance of charge/spin fluctuations to create the novel electronic states,such as pseudogap and Fermi arc,in these materials.

关键词： transition-metal dichalchogenides 1T-VSe2 charge density wave electronic states pseudogap Fermi arc

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Statistical modeling of nitrogen-dependent modulation of root system architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第3期58卷 254-265页

作者： Takao Araya Takuya Kubo Nicolaus von Wiren Hideki takahashi Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingM148824USA Molecular Plant Nutrition Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant ResearchD-06466 GaterslebenGermany Graduate School of Environmental Science Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-0810Japan

Plant root development is strongly affected by nutrient availability. Despite the importance of structure and function of roots in nutrient acquisition,statistical modeling approaches to evaluate dynamic and temporal modulations of root system architecture in response to nutrient availability have remained as widely open and exploratory areas in root biology. In this study,we developed a statistical modeling approach to investigate modulations of root system architecture in response to nitrogen availability. Mathematical models were designed for quantitative assessment of root growth and root branching phenotypes and their dynamic relationships based on hierarchical con figuration of primary and lateral roots formulating the fishbone-shaped root system architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana. Time-series datasets reporting dynamic changes in root developmental traits on different nitrate or ammonium concentrations were generated for statistical analyses. Regression analyses unraveled key parameters associated with：（i） inhibition of primary root growth under nitrogen limitation or on ammonium;（ii） rapid progression of lateral root emergence in response to ammonium; and（iii） inhibition of lateral root elongation in the presence of excess nitrate or ammonium. This study provides a statistical framework for interpreting dynamic modulation of root system architecture,supported by metaanalysis of datasets displaying morphological responses of roots to diverse nitrogen supplies.

关键词： Ammonium mathematical modeling nitrate nitrogen root system architecture

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TEMPERATURE-DRIVEN SURFACE MORPHOLOGY EVOLUTION OF POLY(3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE) SINGLE LAYER AND POLY(3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE)/POLY(VINYL PHENOL) BILAYER ON Si WAFERS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2013年第3期31卷 407-418页

作者： Chun-zhu Yan Lin Guo 孙晓丽闫寿科 Isao takahashi School of Chemistry and Environment Beihang University State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology School of Science and Technology Kwansei Gakuin University

The specular and off-specular X-ray reflectivities were efficiently employed to study the evolution of surface morphology as a function of temperature in a single layer of poly（3-hydroxybutyrate）（PHB） and a bilayer of PHB/poly（vinyl phenol）（PVPh） on Si substrates. The results indicate that the changes of thickness and surface roughness caused by pre-melting of PHB crystals are not obvious for the single layer, whereas the surface roughness of the PHB layer and the intensity of the off-specular X-ray reflectivity for the bilayer exhibit a remarkable non-monotonic change in the temperature range of 100-150℃; the roughness parameter evaluated by the specular X-ray reflectivity reaches its maximum at 120℃. The interaction at the interface between PVPh and PHB certainly contributes to the non-monotonic changes. Such interaction also affects the crystallization and melting behavior of PHB thin film greatly. The crystallization of PHB thin film is inhibited even on the glassy surface of PVPh sublayer, In the melting process, the PHB crystals on PVPh sublayer feature a threesection melting curve separated by a plateau region of 120-140℃.

关键词： Interface Hydrogen-bond Roughness Melt.

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