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Insight on the Ultrastructure, Physicochemical, Thermal Characteristics and Applications of Palm Kernel Shells

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2018年第10期9卷 790-811页

作者： Richard Ntenga Etienne Mfoumou Alexis Béakou martin Tango Jordan Kamga Ali Ahmed Laboratoire de Mécanique et Productique (LMP) UFD SI Université de Douala Douala Cameroun Laboratoire d’Analyse Simulations et Essais (LASE) IUT Université de Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroun Applied Research & Innovation Nova Scotia Community College Dartmouth Canada Institut Pascal UMR 6602-UCA-CNRS-SIGMA Clermont-Ferrand France Ivan Curry School of Engineering Acadia University Wolfville Canada

The ultrastructure and physicochemical and thermal properties of Palm Kernel Shells (PKS) in comparison with Coconut Kernel Shells (CKS) were investigated herein. Powder samples were prepared and characterized using Surface Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Chemical and elemental constituents, as well as thermal performance were assessed by van Soest Method, TEM/EDXA and SEM/EDS techniques. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) were also performed for thermal characterization. SEM/EDS and TEM/EDXA revealed that most of the PKS and CKS materials are composed of particles with irregular morphology;these are mainly amorphous phases of carbon/oxygen with small amounts of K, Ca and Mg. The DSC data permitted to derive the materials’ thermal transition phases and the relevant characteristic temperatures and physical properties. Thermal Transition phases of PKS observed herein are consistent with the chemical composition obtained and are similar to those of CKS. Nonetheless, TGA/DTG showed that the combustion characteristics of PKS are higher than those of CKS. Taken together, our results reveal that PKS have nanopores and can be efficiently used for 3D printing and membrane filtration applications. Moreover, the chemical constituents found in PKS samples are in agreement with those reported in the literature for material structural applications and thus, present potential use of PKS in these applications.

关键词： Biomass Materials Palm Kernel Shell SEM & TEM Ultrastructure Thermal Properties Physico-Chemical Properties

环境可控农业中基于生物反馈系统的光合作用光照控制方法

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农业工程技术 2016年第28期36卷 24-27页

作者： Marc W.van Iersel Geoffrey Weaver Michael T.martin Rhuanito S.Ferrarezi Erico Mattos Mark Haidekker 田婧李明 Department of Horticulture University of Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station University of the Virgin Islands PhytoSynthetix LLC College of Engineering University of Georgia 农业部规划设计研究院设施农业研究所北京100125

环境可控农业包括利用温室和室内设施进行农业生产，这种方式在全球农业生产体系中变的越来越重要。完全密闭型植物工厂自20世纪70年代起在日本开始快速发展，目前广泛分布于大都市的郊区。近年来，垂直农场（大型的室内农业生产设施）... 详细信息

环境可控农业包括利用温室和室内设施进行农业生产，这种方式在全球农业生产体系中变的越来越重要。完全密闭型植物工厂自20世纪70年代起在日本开始快速发展，目前广泛分布于大都市的郊区。近年来，垂直农场（大型的室内农业生产设施）也受到越来越多的关注。这类设施不仅可以有效解决人口快速增长带来的粮食短缺问题，还能减少农业生产对环境的影响。

关键词：农业生产光照控制光合作用反馈系统环境可控生物室内设施

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中国和印度不平衡发展的比较研究

Increasing importance of ammonia emission abatement in PM_(2.5)pollution control

社会主义经济理论与实践 2008年第4期 4-20页

作者： Shubham Chandhuri martin Ravallion

本文考察了中国和印度近年来经济增长不平衡的情况，并分析了不平衡增长对不均等和贫困的影响。通过对家庭调查数据和官方加总数据的分析，本文发现增长存在不平衡——区域间、产业间和家庭层面上，这表明减贫工作进展不平衡，若增长更... 详细信息

本文考察了中国和印度近年来经济增长不平衡的情况，并分析了不平衡增长对不均等和贫困的影响。通过对家庭调查数据和官方加总数据的分析，本文发现增长存在不平衡——区域间、产业间和家庭层面上，这表明减贫工作进展不平衡，若增长更平衡，减贫效果可能更好；另外，收入不均等程度也在提高。本文探讨了增长不平衡及其应引起重视的原因。具体讨论围绕“有利的”和“不利的”不均等两个概念展开——不均等与不平衡增长对公平性以及长期增长与发展的有利或不利影响。我们认为，需要制定相关政策，保持有利的不均等——继续鼓励创新和投资，同时降低不利的不均等的程度，尤其是通过人力资本和农村基础设施投资，帮助贫困人口参与市场。

关键词：增长发展不平衡贫困减少

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Science Bulletin 2022年第17期67卷 1745-1749页

作者： Wen Xu Yuanhong Zhao Zhang Wen Yunhua Chang Yuepeng Pan Yele Sun Xin Ma Zhipeng Sha Ziyue Li Jiahui Kang Lei Liu Aohan Tang Kai Wang Ying Zhang Yixin Guo Lin Zhang Lifang Sheng Xiuming Zhang Baojing Gu Yu Song martin van Damme Lieven Clarisse Pierre-François Coheur Jeffrey L.Collett Jr Keith Goulding Fusuo Zhang Kebin He Xuejun Liu College of Resources and Environmental Sciences National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil InteractionsMinistry of EducationNational Observation and Research tation of Agriculture Green Development(QuzhouHebei)China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Desasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 200433China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Agriculture and Food the University of MelbourneVictoria 3010Australia College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental SciencePeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Universitélibre de Bruxelles SpectroscopyQuantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote SensingBrusselsBelgium Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State UniversityFort Collins CO 80523USA Sustainable Agricultural Sciences Department Rothamsted ResearchHarpenden AL52JQUK School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

在新冠肺炎疫情期间,中国采取的管制封锁措施大幅减少了交通和工业排放,但农业排放没有受到影响,甚至有所增加.通过全国大气氨浓度地面监测、实时连续观测和卫星观测等手段,我们发现,新冠肺炎疫情管制措施实施期间中国大气氨浓度大范围... 详细信息

在新冠肺炎疫情期间,中国采取的管制封锁措施大幅减少了交通和工业排放,但农业排放没有受到影响,甚至有所增加.通过全国大气氨浓度地面监测、实时连续观测和卫星观测等手段,我们发现,新冠肺炎疫情管制措施实施期间中国大气氨浓度大范围显著增加,上升幅度在农村地区最为明显(增加22%),在城市和偏远地区变化不明显;而且,管控期间大气氨浓度上升幅度与2015~2019年相同月份相比更大.基于大气化学模式模拟发现,中国北方大气氨浓度上升主要是由农业氨排放增加所致.随着未来我国二氧化硫和氮氧化物等酸性气体排放控制的强化,农业氨排放的协同减排对于进一步削减大气PM污染、提升空气质量尤为重要.进一步分析表明,疫情期间50%农业氨排放可有效抵消氨浓度上升造成的二次无机气溶胶的形成.

关键词：管制措施工业排放污染治理地面监测空气质量卫星观测 PM 偏远地区

Picosecond electrical response in graphene/MoTe_(2) heterojunction with high responsivity in the near infrared region

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Fundamental Research 2022年第3期2卷 405-411页

作者： Zhouxiaosong Zeng Kai Braun Cuihuan Ge martin Eberle Chenguang Zhu Xingxia Sun Xin Yang Jiali Yi Delang Liang Yufan Wang Lanyu Huang Ziyu Luo Dong Li Anlian Pan Xiao Wang School of Physics and Electronics Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and LISA+ University of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 18Tübingen 72076Germany Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province College of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

Understanding the fundamental charge carrier dynamics is of great significance for photodetectors with both high speed and high *** based on two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenides can exhibit picosecond photoresponse ***,2D materials naturally have low absorption,and when increasing thickness to gain higher responsivity,the response time usually slows to nanoseconds,limiting their photodetection ***,by taking time-resolved photocurrent measurements,we demonstrated that graphene/MoTe_(2) van der Waals heterojunctions realize a fast 10 ps photoresponse time owing to the reduced average photocurrent drift time in the heterojunction,which is fundamentally distinct from traditional Dirac semimetal photodetectors such as graphene or Cd_(3)As_(2) and implies a photodetection bandwidth as wide as 100 ***,we found that an additional charge carrier transport channel provided by graphene can ef-fectively decrease the photocurrent recombination loss to the entire device,preserving a high responsivity in the near-infrared *** study provides a deeper understanding of the ultrafast electrical response in van der Waals heterojunctions and offers a promising approach for the realization of photodetectors with both high responsivity and ultrafast electrical response.

关键词： Two-dimension material Graphene/MoTe_(2)heterojunction Near infrared photodetector Scanning photocurrent microscopy Time-resolved photocurrent

发作和癫痫分类框架术语及概念的修订：国际抗癫痫联盟分类和术语委员会报告，2005—2009

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中华神经科杂志 2011年第3期44卷 214-216页

作者： Anne T.Berg Samuel F.Berkovie martin J.Bordie Jeffrey Buchhaher J.Helen Cross Walter van Emde Boas Jerome Engel Jacqueline French Traey A.Glauser Gray W.Mathern Solomon L.Moshe Douglas Nordli Perrine Plouin Ingrid E.Scheffer 广东省人民医院神经科广州医学院第二附属医院神经内科广州医学院神经科学研究所

癫痫分类的历史很大程度上都是取决于敏锐的临床观察和专家意见。首次对发作的分类始于1960年，随后官方做出的更新是1981年发作分类[1981年国际抗癫痫联盟（ILAE）分类和术语委员会]和1989年的癫痫分类（1989年ILAE分类和术语委员会）。

关键词：国际抗癫痫联盟委员会分类发作修订专家意见临床观察

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中国海关 2009年第2期 54-页

作者： martin van der Ploeg 荷兰王国驻中国大使馆海关

"风车之国"荷兰的出海经商传统已深入民族根性,近年来荷兰与我国贸易往来频繁,海关合作也日趋深入。在荷兰,海关和国税统归经济部领导,我担任的是荷兰王国驻中国大使馆海关专员一职。张晖是我的助手,她是中国人,曾在英国取得商务管理学... 详细信息

"风车之国"荷兰的出海经商传统已深入民族根性,近年来荷兰与我国贸易往来频繁,海关合作也日趋深入。在荷兰,海关和国税统归经济部领导,我担任的是荷兰王国驻中国大使馆海关专员一职。张晖是我的助手,她是中国人,曾在英国取得商务管理学位,并具有海运物流方面的工作经验。

关键词：海关官员中华人民共和国荷兰哈尔德欧洲

Long-term results after revisions of failed primary vertical banded gastroplasty

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2016年第3期8卷 238-245页

作者： martin R van Wezenbeek Frans J F Smulders Jean-Paul J G M de Zoete Misha D Luyer Gust van Montfort Simon W Nienhuijs Department of Surgery Catharina Hospital

AIM: To compare the results after revision of primary vertical banded gastroplasty(Re-VBG) and conversion to sleeve gastrectomy(cS G) or gastric bypass(cR YGB).METHODS: In this retrospective single-center study, all patients with a failed VBG who underwent revisional surgery were included. Medical charts were reviewed and additional postal questionnaires were sent to update follow-up. Weight loss, postoperative complications and long-term outcome were assessed. RESULTS: A total 152 patients were included in this study, of which 21 underwent Re-VBG, 16 underwent c SG and 115 patients underwent c RYGB. Sixteen patients necessitated a second revisional procedure. No patients were lost-to-follow-up. Two patients deceased during the follow-up period, 23 patients did not return the questionnaire. Main reasons for revision were dysphagia/vomiting, weight regain and insufficient weight loss. Excess weight loss(%EWL) after Re-VBG, cS G and cR YGB was, respectively, 45%, 57% and 72%. Eighteen patients(11.8%) reported postoperative complications and 27% reported long-term complaints. CONCLUSION: In terms of additional weight loss, postoperative complaints and reintervention rate, Rouxen-Y gastric bypass seems feasible as a revision for a failed VBG.

关键词： Vertical banded gastroplasty Conversion Revision Gastric bypass Sleeve gastrectomy Additional weight loss

Quality assessment of graphene： Continuity, uniformity, and accuracy of mobility measurements

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Nano Research 2017年第10期10卷 3596-3605页

作者： David M. A. Mackenzie Jonas D. Buron Patrick R. Whelan José M. Carida martin Bjergfelt Bironq Luo Abhay Shivayogimath Anne L. Smitshuysen Joachim D. Thomsen Timothy J. Booth Lene Gammelgaard Johanna Zultak Bjarke S. Jessen Peter Boggild Dirch H. Petersen Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology Technical University of Denmark Orsteds Plads 345 B Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG) Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark

With the increasing availability of large-area graphene, the ability to rapidly and accurately assess the quality of the electrical properties has become critically important. For practical applications, spatial variability in carrier density and carrier mobility must be controlled and minimized. We present a simple framework for assessing the quality and homogeneity of large-area graphene devices. The field effect in both exfoliated graphene devices encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride and chemical vapor-deposited （CVD） devices was measured in dual current-voltage configurations and used to derive a single, gate-dependent effective shape factor, t, for each device, β is a sensitive indicator of spatial homogeneity that can be obtained from samples of arbitrary shape. All 50 devices investigated in this study show a variation （up to tenfold） in β as a function of the gate bias. Finite element simulations suggest that spatial doping inhomogeneity, rather than mobility inhomogeneity, is the primary cause of the gate dependence of β, and that measurable variations of β can be caused by doping variations as small as 10^10 cm^-2. Our results suggest that local variations in the position of the Dirac point alter the current flow and thus the effective sample shape as a function of the gate bias. We also found that such variations lead to systematic errors in carrier mobility calculations, which can be revealed by inspecting the corresponding β factor.

关键词： chemical vapor-deposited (CVD) graphene doping inhomogeneity electrical measurements van der Pauw hBN-encapsulated graphene finite element simulations Raman mapping