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Genomic Mosaicism of the Brain:Origin,Impact,and Utility

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第6期40卷 759-776页

作者： Jared h.Graham Johannes C.M.Schlachetzki Xiaoxu Yang martin W.Breuss Department of Pediatrics Section of Clinical Genetics and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAurora80045-2581COUSA Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Department of Neurosciences University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine San Diego92123CAUSA

Genomic mosaicism describes the phenomenon where some but not all cells within a tissue harbor unique genetic ***,research focused on the impact of genomic mosaicism on clinical phenotype—motivated by its involvement in cancers and overgrowth *** recently,we increasingly shifted towards the plethora of neutral mosaic variants that can act as recorders of cellular lineage and environmental ***,we summarize the current state of the field of genomic mosaicism research with a special emphasis on our current understanding of this phenomenon in brain development and *** the field of genomic mosaicism has a rich history,technological advances in the last decade have changed our approaches and greatly improved our *** will provide current definitions and an overview of contemporary detection approaches for genomic ***,we will discuss the impact and utility of genomic mosaicism.

关键词： Genomics Brain development Brain homeostasis Genomic mosaicism

Carbon dioxide enrichment affected flower numbers transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stably but without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： Ryan McClory Richard h.Ellis martin Lukac Jo Clark Carolina Mayoral Kris M.hart Andrew R.G.Plackett A.Rob MacKenzie School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each *** emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced *** examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment(FACE)experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO_(2) ***-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but almost none in *** numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,immature acorns,empty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years;comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit maturation masting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly).Raising the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μL L^(−1),from early 2017,increased the numbers of immature acorns,and all acorn evidence(empty cups+immature acorns+mature acorns)detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021,but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,empty cups,or mature *** number of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichment began,whereas numbers declined in ambient *** with CO_(2) also increased the number o

关键词： Quercus robur L. Acorns Masting Pedunculate oak Carbon dioxide

Second-order error analysis of the averaged L1 scheme L1 for time-fractional initial-value and subdiffusion problems

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第7期67卷 1641-1664页

作者： Jinye Shen Fanhai Zeng martin Stynes School of Mathematics Southwestern University of Finance and EconomicsChengdu611130China School of Mathematics Shandong UniversityJinan250100China Applied and Computational Mathematics Division Beijing Computational Science Research CenterBeijing100193China

Fractional initial-value problems(IVPs) and time-fractional initial-boundary value problems(IBVPs), each with a Caputo temporal derivative of order α ∈(0, 1), are considered. An averaged variant of the well-known L1 scheme is proved to be O(N^(-2)) convergent for IVPs on suitably graded meshes with N points, thereby improving the O(N^(-(2-α))) convergence rate of the standard L1 scheme. The analysis relies on a delicate decomposition of the temporal truncation error that yields a sharp dependence of the order of convergence on the degree of mesh grading used. This averaged L1 scheme can be combined with a finite difference or piecewise linear finite element discretization in space for IBVPs, and under a restriction on the temporal mesh width, one gets again O(N^(-2)) convergence in time, together with O(h^(2)) convergence in space,where h is the spatial mesh width. Numerical experiments support our results.

关键词： time-fractional subdiffusion averaged L1 scheme

A Tutorial Review of the Solar Power Curve: Regressions, Model Chains, and Their hybridization and Probabilistic Extensions

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1023-1067页

作者： Dazhi YANG Xiang’ao XIA martin János MAYER School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001HeilongjiangChina Key Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation(LAGEO) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Energy Engineering Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp.3Budapest H-1111Hungary

Owing to the persisting hype in pushing toward global carbon neutrality,the study scope of atmospheric science is rapidly *** numerous trending topics,energy meteorology has been attracting the most attention *** essential skill of solar energy meteorologists is solar power curve modeling,which seeks to map irradiance and auxiliary weather variables to solar power,by statistical and/or physical *** this regard,this tutorial review aims to deliver a complete overview of those fundamental scientific and engineering principles pertaining to the solar power *** power curves can be modeled in two primary ways,one of regression and the other of model *** classes of modeling approaches,alongside their hybridization and probabilistic extensions,which allow accuracy improvement and uncertainty quantification,are scrutinized and contrasted thoroughly in this review.

关键词： review energy meteorology solar power curve model chain solar power prediction

Vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual regimen with Saccharomyces boulardii as a rescue therapy for helicobacter pylori:Current perspectives and implications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第10期30卷 1280-1286页

作者： Valerie Josephine Dirjayanto Jessica Audrey Daniel martin Simadibrata Faculty of Medicine Universitas IndonesiaJakarta Pusat 10430DKI JakartaIndonesia Division of Gastroenterology and hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota 55905United States Nuffield Department of Population health University of OxfordOxford OX37LFUnited Kingdom

Yu et al’s study in the World Journal of Gastroenterology(2023)introduced a novel regimen of Vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii(***)for the rescue therapy against helicobacter pylori(***),a pathogen responsible for peptic ulcers and gastric *** is a potassium-competitive acid blocker renowned for its rapid and long-lasting acid suppression,which is minimally affected by *** to proton pump inhibitors,which bind irreversibly to cysteine residues in the h+/K+-ATPase pump,Vonoprazan competes with the K+ions,prevents the ions from binding to the pump and blocks acid *** with increasing antibiotic resistance,effects on the gut microbiota,patient compliance,and side effects have led to the advent of a dual regimen for *** studies suggested that *** plays a role in stabilizing the gut barrier which improves *** eradication *** an acceptable safety profile,the dual-adjunct regimen was effective regardless of prior treatment failure and antibiotic resistance profile,thereby strengthening the applicability in clinical ***,*** comes in various formulations and dosages,warranting further exploration into the optimal dosage for supplementation in rescue ***,larger,randomized,double-blinded controlled trials are warranted to confirm these promising results.

关键词： Vonoprazan Saccharomyces boulardii helicobacter pylori Rescue therapy Eradication rate

CO_(2)capture costs of chemical looping combustion of biomass:A comparison of natural and synthetic oxygen carrier

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 296-310页

作者： Benjamin Fleiß Juraj Priscak martin hammerschmid Josef Fuchs Stefan Müller hermann hofbauer Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience EngineeringTU WienVienna1060 ViennaAustria BEST–Bioenergy and Sustainable Technologies Gmbh Graz8010 StyriaAustria

Chemical looping combustion has the potential to be an efficient and low-cost technology capable of contributing to the reduction of the atmospheric concentration of CO_(2) in order to reach the 1.5/2°C goal and mitigate climate *** this process,a metal oxide is used as oxygen carrier in a dual fluidized bed to generate clean CO_(2) via combustion of *** commonly,natural ores or synthetic materials are used as oxygen carrier whereas both must meet special requirements for the conversion of solid *** oxygen carriers are characterized by higher reactivity at the expense of higher costs versus the lower-cost natural *** determine the viability of both possibilities,a techno-economic comparison of a synthetic material based on manganese,iron,and copper to the natural ore ilmenite was *** synthetic oxygen carrier was characterized and tested in a pilot plant,where high combustion efficiencies up to 98.4%and carbon capture rates up to 98.5%were *** techno-economic assessment resulted in CO_(2) capture costs of 75 and 40€/tCO_(2) for the synthetic and natural ore route respectively,whereas a sensitivity analysis showed the high impact of production costs and attrition rates of the synthetic *** synthetic oxygen carrier could break even with the natural ore in case of lower production costs and attrition rates,which could be reached by adapting the production process and recycling *** comparison to state-of-the-art technologies,it is demonstrated that both routes are viable and the capture cost of CO_(2) could be reduced by implementing the chemical looping combustion technology.

关键词： Chemical looping combustion BECCS Techno-economic assessment CO_(2)capture costs Oxygen carrier development Synthetic materials Ilmenite

Digital-Twin Enabled Time Ahead Resource Allocation for Integrated Fiber-Wireless Connected Vehicular Network

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Journal of Communications and Information Networks 2024年第3期9卷 296-308页

作者： Akshita Gupta Saurabh Jaiswal martin Maier Vivek Ashok Bohara Anand Srivastava Wirocomm Research Group Department of Electronics&Communication EngineeringIndraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi(IIITD)New Delhi 110020India Department of Computer Science&Applied Mathematics Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi(IIITD)New Delhi 110020India Optical Zeitgeist Laboratory Institute National de la Recherche ScientifiqueMontreal H5A 1K6Canada

The digital twin(DT)is envisaged as a catalyst for pioneering ecosystems of service provision within an immersive environment born from the convergence of virtual and physical ***,DT could enhance the performance of edge-intelligent connected vehicular networks by allocating network resources efficiently based on the key performance indicators(KPIs)of vehicular data ***,this work addresses the key challenge of computation and spectrum resource allocation for vehicular *** allocate the optimal resource allocation,we subdivided the problem into:traffic classification,collective learning,and resource allocation *** order to do so,this paper concentrates on two crucial vehicular applications:brake application and lane-change *** utilize a random forest model to collectively learn vehicular data traffic in the upcoming time ***,a time-ahead resource allocation algorithm is proposed to improve the quality of service(QoS)by intelligently offloading vehicular data traffic to a DT-based integrated fiber-wireless(Fi-Wi)connected vehicular *** evaluate the performance of the resource allocation strategy in terms of resources required by the network alongside the packet loss *** was observed that there was a 44.74%increase in cost as the total computation resources increased from F=50 to 100 Ghz,whereas the PLR of the network decreased by 71.43%.

关键词： connected vehicles digital twin edgeintelligence fiber-wireless machine learning resource allocation

The energetics of cellular life transitions

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Life Metabolism 2024年第3期3卷 12-20页

作者： Anna S.Monzel Michael Levin martin Picard Department of Psychiatry Division of Behavioral MedicineCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10032United States Department of Biology Tufts UniversityMedfordMA 02155United States Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University MedfordMA 02155United States Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard UniversityBostonMA 02115United States Department of Neurology H.Houston Merritt CenterColumbia Translational Neuroscience InitiativeCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10032United States New York State Psychiatric Institute New YorkNY 10032United States Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center Columbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNY 10032United States

Major life transitions are always difficult because change costs *** findings have demonstrated how mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation(OxPhos)defects increase the energetic cost of living and that excessive integrated stress response(ISR)signaling may prevent cellular identity transitions during *** this perspective,we discuss general bioenergetic principles of life transitions and the costly molecular processes involved in reprograming the cellular hardware/software as cells shift *** energetic cost of cellular differentiation has not been directly quantified,representing a gap in *** propose that the ISR is an energetic checkpoint evolved to(i)prevent OxPhos-deficient cells from engaging in excessively costly transitions and(ii)allow ISR-positive cells to recruit systemic energetic resources by signaling via GDF15 and the brain.

关键词： energy mitochondria signaling pathway growth differentiation factor 15 energy balance development

A novel saliva-based miRNA profile to diagnose and predict oral cancer

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International Journal of Oral Science 2024年第1期16卷 97-109页

作者： Jaikrishna Balakittnen Chameera Ekanayake Weeramange Daniel F.Wallace Pascal h.G.Duijf Alexandre S.Cristino Gunter hartel Roberto A.Barrero Touraj Taheri Liz Kenny Sarju Vasani martin Batstone Omar Breik Chamindie Punyadeera Saliva&Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQLDAustralia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of JaffnaJaffnaSri Lanka Menzies health Institute Griffith UniversityGold CoastQLDAustralia School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia Centre for Cancer Biology Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South Australia&SA PathologyAdelaideSAAustralia Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway Department of Medical Genetics Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery Griffith UniversityNathanQLDAustralia QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Statistics UnitBrisbaneQLDAustralia School of Public health The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia School of Nursing Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia eResearch Research InfrastructureAcademic DivisionQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia Department of Anatomical Pathology Royal Brisbane and Women’s HospitalHerstonQLDAustralia Faculty of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Royal Brisbane and Women’s hospital Cancer Care ServicesHerstonQLDAustralia Department of Otolaryngology Royal Brisbane and Women’s HospitalHerstonQLDAustralia Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Royal Brisbane and Women’s HospitalHerstonQLDAustralia

Oral cancer (OC) is the most common form of head and neck cancer. Despite the high incidence and unfavourable patient outcomes, currently, there are no biomarkers for the early detection of OC. This study aims to discover, develop, and validate a novel saliva-based microRNA signature for early diagnosis and prediction of OC risk in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD).The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) miRNA sequencing data and small RNA sequencing data of saliva samples were used to discover differentially expressed miRNAs. Identified miRNAs were validated in saliva samples of OC (n=50), OPMD (n=52), and controls(n=60) using quantitative real-time PCR. Eight differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-7-5p, miR-10b-5p, miR-182-5p, miR-215-5p,miR-431-5p, miR-486-3p, miR-3614-5p, and miR-4707-3p) were identified in the discovery phase and were validated. The efficiency of our eight-miRNA signature to discriminate OC and controls was:area under curve (AUC):0.954, sensitivity:86%, specificity:90%,positive predictive value (PPV):87.8%and negative predictive value (NPV):88.5%whereas between OC and OPMD was:AUC:0.911,sensitivity:90%, specificity:82.7%, PPV:74.2%and NPV:89.6%. We have developed a risk probability score to predict the presence or risk of OC in OPMD patients. We established a salivary miRNA signature that can aid in diagnosing and predicting OC,revolutionising the management of patients with OPMD. Together, our results shed new light on the management of OC by salivary miRNAs to the clinical utility of using miRNAs derived from saliva samples.

关键词： specificity salivary diagnosis