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Force microscopy of the Caenorhabditis elegans embryonic eggshell

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 1029-1039页

作者： Roger Krenger Jan T.Burri Thomas Lehnert Bradley J.Nelson martin a.m.gijs Laboratory of microsystems Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland multi-Scale Robotics Laboratory ETH ZurichZürich 8092Switzerland

Assays focusing on emerging biological phenomena in an animal’s life can be performed during *** the embryo of Caenorhabditis elegans has been extensively studied,its biomechanical properties are largely ***,we demonstrate that cellular force microscopy(CFm),a recently developed technique that combines micro-indentation with high resolution force sensing approaching that of atomic force microscopy,can be successfully applied to *** *** performed,for the first time,a quantitative study of the mechanical properties of the eggshell of living *** embryos and demonstrate the capability of the system to detect alterations of its mechanical parameters and shell defects upon chemical *** addition to investigating natural eggshells,we applied different eggshell treatments,i.e.,exposure to sodium hypochlorite and chitinase solutions,respectively,that selectively modified the multilayer eggshell structure,in order to evaluate the impact of the different layers on the mechanical integrity of the *** element method simulations based on a simple embryo model were used to extract characteristic eggshell parameters from the experimental micro-indentation force-displacement *** found a strong correlation between the severity of the chemical treatment and the rigidity of the ***,our results showed,in contrast to previous assumptions,that short bleach treatments not only selectively remove the outermost vitelline layer of the eggshell,but also significantly degenerate the underlying chitin layer,which is primarily responsible for the mechanical stability of the egg.

关键词： remove rigidity approaching

Effect of inoculum size and antibiotics on bacterial traveling bands in a thin microchannel defined by optical adhesive

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第5期7卷 41-59页

作者： Yang Liu Thomas Lehnert martin a.m.gijs Laboratory of microsystems Ecole Polytechnique Federale de LausanneCH-1015 LausanneSwitzerland

Phenotypic diversity in bacterial flagella-induced motility leads to complex collective swimming patterns,appearing as traveling bands with transient locally enhanced cell *** bands are known to be a bacterial chemotactic response to self-generated nutrient gradients during growth in resource-limited *** this work,we studied different parameters of Escherichia coli(***)collective migration,in particular the quantity of bacteria introduced initially in a microfluidic chip(inoculum size)and their exposure to antibiotics(ampicillin,ciprofloxacin,and gentamicin).We developed a hybrid polymer-glass chip with an intermediate optical adhesive layer featuring the microfluidic channel,enabling high-content imaging of the migration dynamics in a single bacterial layer,*** bacteria are confined in a quasi-2D space that is fully observable with a high-magnification microscope ***-chip bacterial motility and traveling band analysis was performed based on individual bacterial trajectories by means of custom-developed *** of swimming speed,tumble bias and effective diffusion properties allowed the assessment of phenotypic heterogeneity,resulting in variations in transient cell density distributions and swimming *** found that incubation of isogeneic£coli with different inoculum sizes eventually generated different swimming phenotype ***,incubation with antimicrobials promoted bacterial chemotaxis in specific cases,despite growth ***,*** filamentation in the presence of antibiotics was assessed,and the impact on motility was *** propose that the observation of traveling bands can be explored as an alternative for fast antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

关键词： traveling collective transient

microfluidics-assisted multiplexed biomarker detection for in situ mapping of immune cells in tumor sections

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2019年第1期5卷 100-111页

作者： Daniel migliozzi Benjamin Pelz Diego G.Dupouy Anne-Laure Leblond Alex Soltermann martin a.m.gijs Laboratory of microsystems Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne1015 LausanneCHSwitzerland Lunaphore Technologies SA EPFL Innovation ParkBuilding C1015 LausanneCHSwitzerland Universitatsspital Zürich Schmelzbergstrasse 128091 ZürichCHSwitzerland

Because of the close interaction between tumors and the immune system,immunotherapies are nowadays considered as the most promising treatment against *** order to define the diagnosis and the subsequent therapy,crucial information about the immune cells at the tumor site is ***,different types or activation status of cells may be indicative for specific and personalized ***,we present a quantitative method to identify ten different immuno-markers in the same tumor cut section,thereby saving precious samples and enabling correlative analysis on several cell families and their activation status in a tumor microenvironment *** designed and fabricated a microfluidic chip with optimal thermomechanical and optical properties for fast delivery of reagents on tissue slides and for fully automatic imaging by integration with an optical *** multiplexing capability of the system is enabled by an optimized cyclic immunofluorescence protocol,with which we demonstrated quantitative sequential immunostaining of up to ten biomarkers on the same tissue ***,we developed high-quality image-processing algorithms to map each cell in the entire *** proofof-concept analyses,we identified coexpression and colocalization patterns of biomarkers to classify the immune cells and their activation *** to the quantitativeness and the automation of both the experimental and analytical methods,we believe that this multiplexing approach will meet the increasing clinical need of personalized diagnostics and therapy in cancer pathology.

关键词： fluid thereby mapping

microfluidics-enabled phenotyping of a whole population of *** worms over their embryonic and post-embryonic development at single-organism resolution

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2018年第1期4卷 345-355页

作者： maria Cristina Letizia matteo Cornaglia Raphaël Trouillon Vincenzo Sorrentino Laurent mouchiroud maroun S.Bou Sleiman Johan Auwerx martin a.m.gijs Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Laboratory of MicrosystemsLausanneSwitzerland Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Laboratory of Integrative Systems PhysiologyLausanneSwitzerland

The organism Caenorhabditis elegans is a performant model system for studying human biological processes and diseases,but until now all phenome data are produced as population-averaged *** of individual responses to drug treatments would however be more ***,a new strategy to track different phenotypic traits of individual *** nematodes throughout their full life-cycle-i.e.,embryonic and post-embryonic development,until adulthood onset,differently from life-span-is *** an automated fashion,single worms were synchronized,isolated,and cultured from egg to adulthood in a microfluidic device,where their identity was preserved during their whole *** phenotypes were monitored and quantified for each animal,resulting in high-content phenome ***,the method was validated by analyzing the response of *** to doxycycline,an antibiotic fairly well-known to prolong the development and activate mitochondrial stress-response pathways in different ***,the obtained extensive single-worm phenome not only confirmed the dramatic doxycycline effect on the worm developmental delay,but more importantly revealed subtle yet severe treatment-dependent phenotypes that are representative of minority subgroups and would have otherwise stayed hidden in an averaged *** heterogeneous response started during the embryonic development,which makes essential having a dedicated chip that allows including this early developmental stage in the drug *** approach would therefore allow elucidating pharmaceutical or therapeutic responses that so far were still being overlooked.

关键词： fluid treatment otherwise

Wear dependent virtual flow rate sensor for progressing cavity pumps with deformable stator

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1346-1353页

作者： Jens müller Sebastian Leonow Johannes Schulz Christian Hansen martin monnigmann Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Universit atsstraûe 150Bochum44801Germany SEEPEX GmbH Scharnh olzstraûe 344Bottrop46240Germany

This contribution presents a novel wear dependent virtual flow rate sensor for single stage single lobe progressing cavity pumps. We study the wear-induced material loss of the pump components and the impact of this material loss on the volumetric efficiency. The results are combined with an established backflow model to implement a backflow calculation procedure that is adaptive to wear. We use a laboratory test setup with a highly abrasive fluid and operate a pump from new to worn condition to validate our approach. The obtained measurement data show that the presented virtual sensor is capable of calculating the flow rate of a pump being subject to wear during its regular operation.

关键词： Backflow Progressing cavity pump Virtual sensor Wear

A reduced model for particle calcination for use in DEm/CFD simulations

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Particuology 2024年第10期93卷 316-327页

作者： Lucas mieg Torben Bergold Enric Illana mahiques Viktor Scherer martin mönnigmann Automatic Control and System Theory Ruhr University BochumGermany Energy Plant Technology Ruhr University BochumGermany

We treat the accurate simulation of the calcination reaction in particles,where the particles are large and,thus,the inner-particle processes must be *** these processes need to be described with coupled partial differential equations(PDEs)that must be solved numerically,the computation times for a single particle are too high for use in simulations that involve many *** of this type arise when the Discrete Element method(DEm)is combined with Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)to investigate industrial systems such as quicklime production in lime shaft *** show that,based on proper orthogonal decomposition and Galerkin projection,reduced models can be derived for single particles that provide the same spatial and temporal resolution as the original PDE models at a considerably reduced computational *** the finite volume particle models with the reduced models results in an overall reduction of the reactor simulation time by about 40%for the sample system treated here.

关键词： Calcination Reactive bulk model reduction Discrete element method Galerkin projection

Positive health:An integrated quantitative approach in patients with chronic gastrointestinal and hepato-pancreatico-biliary disorders

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第28期30卷 3418-3427页

作者： Anja H W m Lemlijn-Slenter Karolina AP Wijnands gijs van der Hamsvoort Luuk P van Iperen Nico Wolter Angelique E de Rijk Ad Am masclee Department of Social medicine Faculty of HealthMedicine and Life sciencesCare and Public Health Research Institute Maastricht UniversityMaastricht 6200 MDLimburgNetherlands Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht 6200 MDLimburgNetherlands Social medical Affairs Employee Insurance Agency(UWV)Heerlen 6400 ACLimburgNetherlands Department of Research Academic Knowledge Center Work and Health South-East Netherlands(AKAG-ZON)Heerlen 6400 ACLimburgNetherlands

BACKGROUND The concept of positive health(PH)supports an integrated approach for patients by taking into account six dimensions of *** approach is especially relevant for patients with chronic *** gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatico-biliary(GI-HPB)disorders are among the top-6 of the most prevalent chronically affected organ *** impact of chronic GI-HPB disorders on individuals may be disproportionally high because:(1)The affected organ system frequently contributes to a malnourished state;and(2)persons with chronic GIHPB disorders are often younger than persons with chronic diseases in other organ *** To describe and quantify the dimensions of PH in patients with chronic GI-HPB *** Prospective,observational questionnaire study performed between 2019 and 2021 in 235 patients with a chronic GIHPB disorder attending the Outpatient Department of the maastricht University medical *** questionnaires and data from patient files were used to quantify the six dimensions of *** consistency was tested with mcDonald’s ***-order Pearson correlations and t-tests were used to assess associations and differences.A P valuemensions of PH compared to control data or norm scores from the general *** quality of life,participation and daily functioning,GI-HPB patients scored in the same range as patients with chronic disorders in other organ systems,but depressive symptoms(in 35%)and malnutrition(in 45%)were more frequent in patients with chronic GI-HPB *** scores between the six dimensions were only very weak to weak,forcing us to quantify each domain *** All six dimensions of PH are impaired in the GI-HPB *** and depressive symptoms are more prevalent compared to patients with chronic disorders in other organ systems.

关键词： Positive health Chronic gut disorders Gastrointestinal disorders Hepato-pancreatico-biliary disorders Integrated care

CO_(2)capture costs of chemical looping combustion of biomass:A comparison of natural and synthetic oxygen carrier

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 296-310页

作者： Benjamin Fleiß Juraj Priscak martin Hammerschmid Josef Fuchs Stefan müller Hermann Hofbauer Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience EngineeringTU WienVienna1060 ViennaAustria BEST–Bioenergy and Sustainable Technologies GmbH Graz8010 StyriaAustria

Chemical looping combustion has the potential to be an efficient and low-cost technology capable of contributing to the reduction of the atmospheric concentration of CO_(2) in order to reach the 1.5/2°C goal and mitigate climate *** this process,a metal oxide is used as oxygen carrier in a dual fluidized bed to generate clean CO_(2) via combustion of *** commonly,natural ores or synthetic materials are used as oxygen carrier whereas both must meet special requirements for the conversion of solid *** oxygen carriers are characterized by higher reactivity at the expense of higher costs versus the lower-cost natural *** determine the viability of both possibilities,a techno-economic comparison of a synthetic material based on manganese,iron,and copper to the natural ore ilmenite was *** synthetic oxygen carrier was characterized and tested in a pilot plant,where high combustion efficiencies up to 98.4%and carbon capture rates up to 98.5%were *** techno-economic assessment resulted in CO_(2) capture costs of 75 and 40€/tCO_(2) for the synthetic and natural ore route respectively,whereas a sensitivity analysis showed the high impact of production costs and attrition rates of the synthetic *** synthetic oxygen carrier could break even with the natural ore in case of lower production costs and attrition rates,which could be reached by adapting the production process and recycling *** comparison to state-of-the-art technologies,it is demonstrated that both routes are viable and the capture cost of CO_(2) could be reduced by implementing the chemical looping combustion technology.

关键词： Chemical looping combustion BECCS Techno-economic assessment CO_(2)capture costs Oxygen carrier development Synthetic materials Ilmenite

Identifying the validity domain of machine learning models in building energy systems

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Energy and AI 2024年第1期15卷 328-341页

作者： martin Rätz Patrick Henkel Phillip Stoffel Rita Streblow Dirk müller RWTH Aachen University E.ON Energy Research CenterInstitute for Energy Efficient Buildings and Indoor ClimateMathieustraβe 10Aachen52074Germany

The building sector significantly contributes to climate *** improve its carbon footprint,applications like model predictive control and predictive maintenance rely on system ***,the high modeling effort hinders practical *** learning models can significantly reduce this modeling *** ensure a machine learning model’s reliability in all operating states,it is essential to know its validity *** states outside the validity domain might lead to extrapolation,resulting in unpredictable *** paper addresses the challenge of identifying extrapolation in data-driven building energy system models and aims to raise knowledge about *** that,a novel approach is proposed that calibrates novelty detection algorithms towards the machine learning *** novelty detection algorithms are identified through a literature review and a benchmark test with 15 candidates.A subset of five algorithms is then evaluated on building energy ***,on two-dimensional data,displaying the results with a novel visualization *** on more complex multi-dimensional use *** methodology performs well,and the validity domain could be *** visualization allows for a profound analysis and an improved understanding of the fundamental effects behind a machine learning model’s validity domain and the extrapolation regimes.

关键词： Extrapolation detection Validity domain Novelty detection machine learning Artificial neural network Data-driven model predictive control Building energy systems