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Does the ecological concept of disturbance have utility in urban social-ecological-technological systems?

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第1期3卷 19-36页

作者： Nancy B.Grimm Steward T.A.Pickett Rebecca l.hale Mary l.Cadenasso School of life Sciences and Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability Arizona State UniversityTempeArizona 85287 USA Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Box ABMillbrookNew York 12545 USA Department of Biological Sciences Idaho State UniversityPocatelloIdaho 83209 USA Department of Plant Sciences University of California at DavisDavisCalifornia 95616 USA

The ecological concept of disturbance has scarcely been applied in urban systems except in the erroneous but commonplace assumption that urbanization itself is a disturbance and cities are therefore perennially disturbed *** evaluate the usefulness of the concept in urban ecology by exploring how a recent conceptual framework for disturbance(Peters et al.2011,Ecosphere,2,art 81)applies to these social-ecological-technological systems(SETS).Case studies,especially from the long-Term Ecological Research sites of Baltimore and Phoenix,are presented to show the applicability of the framework for disturbances to different elements of these systems at different *** find that the framework is easily adapted to urban SETS and that incorporating social and technological drivers and responders can contribute additional insights to disturbance research beyond urban systems.

关键词： cities conceptual framework disturbance economic disruption fire flood land conversion legacy model social-ecological-technological systems urban vegetation urbanization

FIXED-POINT CONTINUATION APPlIED TO COMPRESSED SENSING:IMPlEMENTATION AND NUMERICAl EXPERIMENTS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2010年第2期28卷 170-194页

作者： Elaine T.hale Department of Computational and Applied Mathematics Rice University

Fixed-point continuation （FPC） is an approach, based on operator-splitting and continuation, for solving minimization problems with l1-regularization：min ｜｜x｜｜1＋uf（x）.We investigate the application of this algorithm to compressed sensing signal recovery, in which f（x） = 1/2｜｜Ax-b｜｜2M,A∈m×n and m≤n. In particular, we extend the original algorithm to obtain better practical results, derive appropriate choices for M and u under a given measurement model, and present numerical results for a variety of compressed sensing problems. The numerical results show that the performance of our algorithm compares favorably with that of several recently proposed algorithms.

关键词： l1 regularization Fixed-point algorithm Continuation Compressed sensing,Numerical experiments.

Protective effects of anti-ricin A-chain RNA aptamer against ricin toxicity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第41期14卷 6360-6365页

作者： Shaoan Fan Feng Wu Frank Martiniuk martha l.hale Andrew D Ellington Kam-Meng Tchou-Wong Department of Environmental Medicine New York University School of Medicine 57 Old Forge Road Tuxedo New York 10987 United States Department of Medicine New York University School of Medicine 550 First Avenue New York 10016 United States Integrated Toxicology Division U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) Fort Detrick Maryland 21702 United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 United States

AIM： To investigate the therapeutic potential of an RNA ligand （aptamer） specific for the catalytic ricin A-chain （RTA）, the protective effects of a 31-nucleo- tide RNA aptamer （31RA）, which formed a high affinity complex with RTA, against ricin-induced toxicity in cell- based luciferase translation and cell cytotoxicity assays were evaluated. METHODS： To test the therapeutic potential of anti- RTA aptamers in Chinese hamster ovary （CliO） AA8 cells stably transfected with a tetracycline regulatable promoter, ricin ribotoxicity was measured us- ing luciferase and ricin-induced cytotoxicity was ascertained by MTS cell proliferation assay with tet- razolium compound [3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）- 5-（3-carboxymethoxyphenyl）-2-（4-sulfophenyl）-2H- tetrazolium]. RESUlTS： Inhibition of protein synthesis by ricin in CliO AA8 cells resulted in diminished luciferase activity and treatment with polyclonal antibody against degly- cosylated RTA （dgA） neutralized the inhibitory effects of ricin on luciferase activity and protected against ricin-induced cytotoxicity as measured by MTS assay. The 31RA anti-RTA aptamer inhibited the translation of luciferase mRNA in cell-free reticulocyte translation assay. 31RA aptamer also partially neutralized the inhibitory effects of ricin on luciferase activity and partially protected against ricin-induced cytotoxicity in CliO AA8 cells. CONClUSION： We have shown that anti-RTA RNA aptamer can protect against ricin ribotoxicity in cell- based luciferase and cell cytotoxicity assays. Hence, RNA aptamer that inhibits RTA enzymatic activity represents a novel class of nucleic acid inhibitor that has the potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of ricin intoxication.

关键词： Ricin inhibitor RNA aptamer luciferase assay

The presence and partitioning behavior of flame retardants in waste,leachate,and air particles from Norwegian waste-handling facilities

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第12期29卷 115-132页

作者： Nicolas A.O.Morin Patrik l.Andersson Sarah E.hale Hans Peter H.Arp Norwegian Geotechnical Institute(NGI) P.O.Box 3930Ulleval StadionN-0806 OsloNorway Environmental and Food laboratory of Vendee(lEA V) Department of ChemistryRond-point Georges Dural CS 8080285021 La Roche-sur-YonFrance Chemistry Department Umed UniversitySE-901 87 UmeaSweden

Flame retardants in commercial products eventually make their way into the waste *** the presence of flame retardants in Norwegian landfills, incineration facilities and recycling sorting/defragmenting facilities is investigated. These facilities handled waste electrical and electronic equipment（WEEE）, vehicles, digestate, glass, combustibles, bottom ash and fly ash. The flame retardants considered included polybrominated diphenyl ethers（∑BDE-10） as well as dechlorane plus, polybrominated biphenyls, hexabromobenzene,pentabromotoluene and pentabromoethylbenzene（collectively referred to as ∑FR-7）. Plastic,WEEE and vehicles contained the largest amount of flame retardants（∑BDE-10： 45,000–210,000 μg/kg; ∑FR-7： 300–13,000 μg/kg）. It was hypothesized leachate and air concentrations from facilities that sort/defragment WEEE and vehicles would be the highest. This was supported for total air phase concentrations（∑BDE-10： 9000–195,000 pg/m^3 WEEE/vehicle facilities, 80–900 pg/m^3 in incineration/sorting and landfill sites）, but not for water leachate concentrations（e.g., ∑BDE-10： 15–3500 ng/l in WEEE/Vehicle facilities and 1–250 ng/l in landfill sites）. landfill leachate exhibited similar concentrations as WEEE/vehicle sorting and defragmenting facility leachate. To better account for concentrations in leachates at the different facilities, waste-water partitioning coefficients, Kwastewere measured（for the first time to our knowledge for flame retardants）. WEEE and plastic waste had elevated Kwastecompared to other wastes, likely because flame retardants are directly added to these materials. The results of this study have implications for the development of strategies to reduce exposure and environmental emissions of flame retardants in waste and recycled products through improved waste management practices.

关键词： Brominated flame retardants Waste management Environmental emissions Atmospheric emissions Partitioning leachate

Developing a platform to evaluate and assess the security of wearable devices

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Digital Communications and Networks 2019年第3期5卷 147-159页

作者： Matthew l. hale Kerolos lotfy Rose F. Gamble Charles Walter Jessica lin Department of Cybersecurity School of Interdisciplinary Informatics University of Nebraska at Omaha Omaha NE 68135 USA Tandy School of Computer Science University of Tulsa Tulsa OK 74104 USA

Operating in a body area network around a smartphone user, wearables serve a variety of commercial, medical and personal uses. Depending on a certain smartphone application, a wearable can capture sensitive data about the user and provide critical, possibly life-or-death, functionality. When using wearables, security problems might occur on hardware/software of wearables, connected phone apps or web services devices, or Bluetooth channels used for communication. This paper develops an open source platform called SecuWear for identifying vulnerabilities in these areas and facilitating wearable security research to mitigate them. SecuWear supports the creation, evaluation, and analysis of security vulnerability tests on actual hardwares. Extending earlier results, this paper includes an empirical evaluation that demonstrates proof of concept attacks on commercial wearable devices and shows how SecuWear captures the information necessary for identifying such attacks. Also included is a process for releasing attack and mitigation information to the security community.

关键词： Bluetooth lE Internet of things Man-in-the-middle attacks Security Vulnerability discovery Wearables

SARS-CoV-2 infection in free-ranging white-tailed deer

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四川生理科学杂志 2021年第10期43卷 1834-1834页

作者： Vanessa l.hale Veterinary Preventive Medicine The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine Columbus OH USA Cleveland Metroparks Zoo Cleveland OH USA The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine Columbus OH USA Cleveland Metroparks Cleveland OH USA Veterinary Clinical Sciences The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine Columbus OH USA Ohio Wildlife Center Powell OH USA Center for Food Animal Health The Ohio State University College of Food Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Wooster OH USA National Veterinary Services laboratories Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Ames IA USA Division of Intramural Research National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA Infectious Diseases Institute The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA

Humans have infected a wide range of animals with SARS-CoV-2 viruses1-5,but the establishment of a new natural animal reservoir has not been ***,we document that free-ranging white-tailed deer(Odocoileus virginianus)are highly susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus,are exposed to a range of viral diversity from humans,and are capable of sustaining transmission in ***-CoV-2 virus was detected by rRT-PCR in more than one-third(129/360,35.8%)of nasal swabs obtained from Odocoileus virginianus in northeast Ohio(USA)during January-March *** in 6 locations were infected with 3 SARS-CoV-2 lineages(B.1.2,B.1.582,B.1.596).The B.1.2 viruses,dominant in humans in Ohio at the time,infected deer in four *** deer-to-deer transmission of B.1.2,B.1.582,and B.1.596 viruses was observed,allowing the virus to acquire amino acid substitutions in the spike protein(including the receptor-binding domain)and ORF1 that are infrequently seen in humans.

关键词： white infection free

Clinical effectiveness of adding probiotics to a low FODMAP diet:Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第25期9卷 7417-7432页

作者： Beril Turan Göksel Bengi Ruksan Cehreli hale Akpınar Müjde Soytürk Department of Internal Medicine Dokuz Eylül UniversityIzmir 35000Turkey Department of Gastroenterology Dokuz Eylul University IzmirIzmir 35000Turkey Department of Preventive Oncology Dokuz Eylül UniversityInstitute of Oncologyİzmir 35000Turkey

BACKGROUND There are various studies showing the relationship between irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)and diet,and some dietary adjustments are recommended to reduce *** recent years,there is a growing number of studies that show a 4-8 wk low fermentable oligo,di-and mono-saccharides and polyols(FODMAP)diet has a 50%-80%significant effect on symptoms in IBS *** is strong evidence suggesting that changes in fecal microbiota have an impact on IBS *** on this argument,probiotics have been used in IBS treatment for a long *** is seen,the FODMAP diet and probiotics are used separately in IBS *** To evaluate the effectiveness of adding probiotics to a low FODMAP diet to control the symptoms in patients with *** The patients who were admitted to the Gastroenterology Clinic of Dokuz Eylul University Hospital and diagnosed with IBS according to Rome IV criteria were enrolled into the *** were randomized into 2 groups each of which consisted of 50 *** patients were referred to a dietitian to receive dietary recommendations for the low FODMAP diet with a daily intake of 9 *** patients were asked to keep a diary of foods and beverages they *** patients in Group 1 were given supplementary food containing probiotics(2 g)once a day in addition to their low FODMAP diet,while the patients in Group 2 were given a placebo once a day in addition to their low FODMAP *** analogue scale(VAS),the Bristol Stool Scale and IBS Symptom Severity Scale(IBSSSS)scores were evaluated before and after the 21 d *** The rate of adherence of 85 patients,who completed the study,to the FODMAP restricted diet was 92%,being 90%in Group 1 and 94%in Group *** mean scores of VAS and IBS-SSS of the patients in Group 1 before treatment were 4.6±2.7 and 310.0±78.4,respectively,and these scores decreased to 2.0±1.9 and 172.0±93.0 after treatment(both P<0.001).The mean VAS and IBS-SSS scores of the patients in G

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Probiotics low Fermentable Oligo,Di-and Mono-Saccharides and Polyols diet Visual Analogue Scale the Bristol Stool Scale Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptom Severity Scale

Bubble-Enriched Smoothed Finite Element Methods for Nearly-Incompressible Solids

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2021年第5期127卷 411-436页

作者： Changkye lee Sundararajan Natarajan Jack S.hale Zeike A.Taylor Jurng-Jae Yee Stephane P.A.Bordas University Core Research Center for Disaster-Free and Safe Ocean City Construction Dong-A UniversityBusan49315Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036India Faculty of Science Technology and CommunicationUniversity of LuxembourgEsch-sur-AlzetteL-4364Luxembourg CISTIB-Center for Computational Imaging&Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine School of EngineeringLeedsLS29JTUK

This work presents a locking-free smoothed finite element method(S-FEM)for the simulation of soft matter modelled by the equations of quasi-incompressible *** proposed method overcomes well-known issues of standard finite element methods(FEM)in the incompressible limit:the over-estimation of stiffness and sensitivity to severely distorted *** concepts of cell-based,edge-based and node-based S-FEMs are extended in this paper to ***,a cubic bubble function is utilized to improve accuracy and *** the bubble function,an additional displacement degree of freedom is added at the centroid of the *** numerical studies are performed demonstrating the stability and validity of the proposed *** obtained results are compared with standard FEM and with analytical solutions to show the effectiveness of the method.

关键词： Strain smoothing smoothed finite element method bubble functions hyperelasticity mesh distortion

Effects of Age on the Disruption of Cognitive Performance by Exposure to Space Radiation

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2014年第7期4卷 297-307页

作者： Bernard M. Rabin Barbara Shukitt-hale Kirsty l. Carrihill-Knoll Department of Psychology University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD USA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging USDA-ARS Tufts University Boston MA USA

Exposure to low doses of heavy particles and protons, which will be encountered during long-term exploratory class missions to other planets, can cause deficits in cognitive performance. These deficits are similar to those observed in aged animals. The long-term effects of such exposures and their relationship to the short-term effects and to aging remain to be established. Two-month old rats were exposed to a variety of heavy particles and protons. Recognition memory was tested at two time points following irradiation. The results showed that exposure to doses of radiation that did not disrupt cognitive performance in the younger animals, disrupted performance when the subjects were re-tested at an older age. These results indicate that there is an interaction between the age of the organism and the effects of exposure to space radiation on cognitive performance, such that exposure to doses of heavy particles or protons that may not produce an initial effect on cognitive performance may produce an effect as the organism ages. Because of the interaction between exposure to the types of radiation encountered in space and age, it is possible that participating in exploratory class missions may have consequences for the quality of life after the conclusion of the mission.

关键词： Cosmic Rays Memory Aging