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Addressing nonresponse bias in forest inventory change estimation using response homogeneity classifications

Forest Ecosystems 2023年第1期10卷 125-131页

作者： James A.Westfall mark D.nelson U.S.Forest Service Northern Research StationYorkPAUSA U.S.Forest Service Northern Research StationSt.PaulMNUSA

Estimating amounts of change in forest resources over time is a key function of most national forest inventories(NFI). As this information is used broadly for many management and policy purposes, it is imperative that accurate estimations are made from the survey sample. Robust sampling designs are often used to help ensure representation of the population, but often the full sample is unrealized due to hazardous conditions or possibly lack of land access permission. Potentially, bias may be imparted to the sample if the nonresponse is nonrandom with respect to forest characteristics, which becomes more difficult to assess for change estimation methods that require measurements of the same sample plots at two points in time, i.e., remeasurement. To examine potential nonresponse bias in change estimates, two synthetic populations were constructed: 1) a typical NFI population consisting of both forest and nonforest plots, and 2) a population that mimics a large catastrophic disturbance event within a forested population. Comparisons of estimates under various nonresponse scenarios were made using a standard implementation of post-stratified estimation as well as an alternative approach that groups plots having similar response probabilities(response homogeneity). When using the post-stratified estimators, the amount of change was overestimated for the NFI population and was underestimated for the disturbance population, whereas the response homogeneity approach produced nearly unbiased estimates under the assumption of equal response probability within groups. These outcomes suggest that formal strategies may be needed to obtain accurate change estimates in the presence of nonrandom nonresponse.

关键词： Disturbance Post-stratification Land use conversion Sample bias

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Biosphere 2’s Lessons about Living on Earth and in Space

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Space(Science & Technology) 2021年第1期2021卷 274-284页

作者： mark nelson Institute of Ecotechnics(US/UK) USA

Biosphere 2,the largest and most biodiverse closed ecological system facility yet created,has contributed vital lessons for living with our planetary biosphere and for long-term habitation in *** the space life support perspective,Biosphere 2 contrasted with previous BLSS work by including areas based on Earth wilderness biomes in addition to its provision for human life support and by using a soil-based intensive agricultural system producing a complete human *** previous BLSS system had included domestic farm *** human and domestic animal wastes were also recycled and returned to the crop *** 2 was important as a first step towards learning how to miniaturize natural ecosystems and develop technological support systems compatible with *** 2’s mostly successful operation for three years(1991-1994)changed thinking among space life support scientists and the public at large about the need for minibiospheres for long-term habitation in *** an Earth systems laboratory,Biosphere 2 was one of the first attempts to make ecology an experimental science at a scale relevant to planetary issues such as climate change,regenerative agriculture,nutrient and water recycling,loss of biodiversity,and understanding of the roles wilderness biomes play in the Earth’s *** 2 aroused controversy because of narrow definitions and expectations of how science is to be *** cooperation between engineers and ecologists and the requirement to design a technosphere that supported the life inside without harming it have enormous relevance to what is required in our global *** of bioregenerative life support systems for near-term space applications such as initial Moon and/or Mars bases,will be severely limited by high costs of transport to space and so will rely on lighter weight,hydroponic systems of growing plants which will focus first on water and air regeneration and gradually increase its production of fo

关键词： Earth Biosphere bases

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Studies on the allostimulatory function of dendritic cells from HCV-HIV-1 co-infected patients

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Cell Research 2004年第3期14卷 251-256页

作者： Justin STEBBING,Steve PATTERSON,Simon PORTSMOUTH,Claire THOMAS,Robert GLASSMAN,Adrian WILDFIRE,Frances GOTCH,mark BOWER,mark nelson,Brian GAZZARD The Department of Immunology Division of Investigative Science Faculty of Medicine Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369 Fulham Road London SW10 9NH UK The Department of Immunology Division of Investigative Science Faculty of Medicine Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369 Fulham Road London SW10 9NH UK The Department of Immunology Division of Investigative Science Faculty of Medicine Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369 Fulham Road London SW10 9NH UK The Department of Immunology Division of Investigative Science Faculty of Medicine Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369 Fulham Road London SW10 9NH UK The Department of Immunology Division of Investigative Science Faculty of Medicine Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369 Fulham Road London SW10 9NH UK The Department of Immunology Division of Investigative Science Faculty of Medicine Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369 Fulham Road London SW10 9NH UK The Department of Immunology Division of Investigative Science Faculty of Medicine Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369 Fulham Road London SW10 9NH UK The Department of Immunology Division of Investigative Science Faculty of Medicine Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369 Fulham Road London SW10 9NH UK The Department of Immunology Division of Investigative Science Faculty of Medicine Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369 Fulham Road London SW10 9NH UK The Department of Immunology Division of Investigative Science Faculty of Medicine Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369 Fulham Ro

There is increasing recognition of the potential morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 and hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection. HIV appears to adversely affect HCV disease while the reciprocal effect of HCV on HIV remains controversial. We therefore studied the effect of co-infection on dendritic cell function versus HIV infection alone, as previous work has shown that HCV impairs dendritic cell (DC) function. HIV-1 positive individuals with HCV were matched for CD4 count, HIV-1 RNA viral load and therapy, to HIV-1 positive patients without HCV. Monocyte-derived DC were generated and mixed leukocyte reactions were performed. We assessed allostimulatory capacity with and without administration of exogenous Thl cytokines, using thymidine uptake and cell division analyses with the vital dye CFSE. We found that monocyte-derived DC from co-infected individuals showed no significant differences in allostimulatory capacity to ex vivo generated DC from HIV-1 infected individuals without HCV. Unlike the situat

关键词： hepatitis C HIV co-infection dendritic cells.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma,human immunodeficiency virus and viral hepatitis in the HAART era

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第11期14卷 1657-1663页

作者： Douglas C Macdonald mark nelson mark Bower Thomas Powles Chelsea and Westminster hospital LondonUnited Kingdom St Bartholomew’s Hospital LondonUnited Kingdom

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in patients with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) is *** in HIV almost invariably occurs in the context of hepatitis C virus(HCV)or hepatitis B virus (HBV)co-infection and,on account of shared modes of transmission,this occurs in more than 33% and 10% of patients with HIV worldwide *** has yet to be clearly established whether HIV directly accelerates HCC pathogenesis or whether the rising incidence is an epiphenomenon of the highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)era,wherein the increased longevity of patients with HIV allows long-term complications of viral hepatitis and cirrhosis to *** this question will have implications for HCC surveillance and the timing of HCV/HBV therapy,which in HIV co-infection presents unique *** HCC develops,there is growing evidence that HIV co-infection should not preclude conventional therapeutic strategies,including liver transplantation.

关键词：肝细胞癌人类免疫缺陷病毒肝炎乙肝病毒

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Soil-Based Biofiltration for Air Purification:Potentials for Environmental and Space LifeSupport Application

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2011年第8期2卷 1084-1094页

作者： mark nelson Hinrich L. Bohn 不详

Soil biofiltration, also known as soil bed reactor (SBR), technology was originally developed in Germany to take advantage of the diversity in microbial mechanisms to control gases producing malodor in industrial processes. The approach has since gained wider international acceptance and continues to see improvements to maximize microbial and process efficiency and extend the range of problematical gases for which the technology can be an effective control. We review the basic mechanisms which underlay microbial soil processes involved in air purification, advantages and limitations of the technology and the current research status of the approach. Soil biofiltration has lower capital and operating/energetic costs than conventional technologies and is well adapted to handle contaminants in moderate concentrations. The systems can be engineered to optimize efficiency though manipulation of temperature, pH, moisture content, soil organic matter and airflow rates. Soil air biofiltration technology was modified for application in the Biosphere 2 project, which demonstrated in preparatory research with a number of closed system testbeds that soil could also support crop plants while also serving as soil filters with airpumps to push air through the soil. This Biosphere 2 research demonstrated in several closed system testbeds that a number of important trace gases could be kept under control and led to the engineering of the entire agricultural soil of Biosphere 2 to serve as a soil filtration unit for the facility. Soil biofiltration, coupled with food crop production, as a component of bioregenerative space life support systems has the advantages of lower energy use and avoidance of the consumables required for other air purification approaches. Expanding use of soil biofiltration can aid a number of environmental applications, from the mitigation of indoor air pollution, as a method of reducing global warming impact of methane (biogas), improvement of industrial air e

关键词： Soil Biofiltration Indoor Air Quality Bioremediation Ecological Engineering Air Pollution Purification

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Treatment and prevention of epilepsy in onchocerciasis-endemic areas is urgently needed

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 85-89页

作者： Robert Colebunders Joseph nelson Siewe Fodjo Olivia Kamoen Luis-Jorge Amaral Amber Hadermann Chiara Trevisan mark J.Taylor Julia Gauglitz Achim Hoerauf Yasuaki Sato Katja Polman Maria-Gloria Basanez Dan Bhwana Thomson Lakwo Gasim Abd-Elfarag Sebastien D.Pion Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Department of Neurology Heilig Hart ZiekenhuisLierBelgium Department of Public Health Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine LiverpoolUK Department of Computer Science University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Institute of Medical Microbiology Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) Partner Site Bonn-CologneBonnGermany School of Global Humanities and Social Sciences Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and London Centre for Neglected TropicalDisease Research Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK National Institute for Medical Research TangaTanzania Vector Control Division Ministry of HealthKampalaUganda School of Public Health University of JubaJubaSouth Sudan Access for Humanity JubaSouth Sudan French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development MontpellierFrance

Background There is increasing epidemiological evidence supporting the association between onchocerciasis and seizures, reinforcing the concept of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE). The aim of this paper is to provide an update on the new knowledge about OAE and to propose recommendations to the World Health Organization how to address this public health *** text During the 2nd International Workshop on OAE held on 19-21 September, 2023, in Antwerp, Belgium, participants recognised OAE as a substantial yet neglected public health problem, particularly in areas of sub-Saharan Africa where onchocerciasis remains hyperendemic. Evidence from prospective population-based studies suggest that strengthening onchocerciasis elimination efforts leads to a significant reduction of OAE incidence. There is a need to validate an OAE case definition to estimate the burden of disease and identify onchocerciasis-endemic areas requiring intensification of onchocerciasis elimination programmes and integration of epilepsy care. It is expected that raising awareness about OAE will boost the population uptake of ivermectin. The implementation of a community-based epilepsy treatment programme offering free anti-seizure medications (ASMs) has shown high effectiveness in reducing the frequency of seizures and improving the overall quality of life of people with *** To reduce OAE burden, enhanced collaboration between onchocerciasis and mental health programmes at community, national, and international levels is required. Urgent efforts are needed to ensure the uninterrupted provision of free ASMs in onchocerciasis-endemic areas. Furthermore, OAE should be included in the quantification of the onchocerciasis disease burden.

关键词： Onchocerciasis Morbidity Burden of disease Prevention Ivermectin Epilepsy Nodding syndrome Treatment Children Policy

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Vitamin A administration at birth promotes calf growth and intramuscular fat development in Angus beef cattle

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 991-999页

作者： Corrine L.Harris Bo Wang Jeneane M.Deavila Jan R.Busboom Martin Maquivar Steven M.Parish Brent McCann mark L.nelson Min Du Department of Animal Sciences Washington State University State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University

Background: Marbling, or intramuscular fat, is an important factor contributing to the palatability of beef. Vitamin A, through its active metabolite, retinoic acid, promotes the formation of new fat cells(adipogenesis). As intramuscular adipogenesis is active during the neonatal stage, we hypothesized that vitamin A administration during the neonatal stage would enhance intramuscular adipogenesis and ***: Angus steer calves(n = 30), in a completely randomized design, were randomly allotted to three treatment groups at birth, receiving 0, 150,000, or 300,000 IU of vitamin A at both birth and one month of age.A biopsy of the biceps femoris muscle was collected at two months of age. After weaning at 210 d of age, steers were fed a backgrounding diet in a feedlot until 308 d of age, when they were transitioned to a high concentrate finishing diet and implanted with trenbolone/estradiol/tylosin mixture. Steers were harvested at an average of 438 d of age. All diets were formulated to meet nutrient ***: Weaning weight and weight during the backgrounding phase were linearly increased(P < 0.05) by vitamin A level, though no difference in body weight was observed at harvest. Intramuscular fat of steers at 308 d of age, measured by ultrasound, quadratically increased(P < 0.05) with vitamin A level from 4.0±0.26 % to 4.9±0.26 %.Similarly, carcass marbling score in the ribeye quadratically increased(P < 0.05).Conclusion: Administration of vitamin A at birth increased weaning weight and enhanced marbling fat ***, vitamin A administration provides a practical method for increasing marbling and early growth of beef cattle.

关键词： Beef Calf Cattle Marbling fat Quality Vitamin A

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SMXL5 attenuates strigolactone signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana by inhibiting SMXL7 degradation

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Molecular Plant 2024年第4期17卷 631-647页

作者： Qingtian Li Haiyang Yu Wenwen Chang Sunhyun Chang Michael Guzman Lionel Faure Eva-Sophie Wallner Heqin Yan Thomas Greb Lei Wang Ruifeng Yao David C.nelson Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaRiversideRiversideCA 2521USA Yazhouwan National Laboratory Sanya 572025China Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory Sanya 57205China State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental RegulationCollege of BiologyHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation Center for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuangHebei 050021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10004China School of the Sciences Biology DivisionTexas Woman’s UniversityDentonTX 76204USA Centre for Organismal Studies(COS) Heidelberg University6120 HeidelbergGermany

Hormone-activated proteolysis is a recurring theme of plant hormone signaling *** strigolactone signaling,the enzyme receptor DWARF14(D14)and an F-box protein,MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2(MAX2),mark SUPPRESSOR OF MAX21-LIKE(SMXL)family proteins SMXL6,SMXL7,and SMXL8 for rapid *** of these transcriptional corepressors initiates downstream growth *** homologous proteins SMXL3,SMXL4,and SMXL5,however,are resistant to MAX2-mediated *** discovered that the smxl4 smxl5 mutant has enhanced responses to ***5 attenuates strigolactone signaling by interfering with AtD14-SMXL7 ***5 interacts with AtD14 and SMXL7,providing two possible ways to inhibit SMXL7 ***5 function is partially dependent on an ethylene-responsive-element binding-factor-associated amphiphilic repression(EAR)motif,which typically mediates interactions with the TOPLESS family of transcriptional ***,we found that loss of the EAR motif reduces SMXL5-SMXL7 interactions and the attenuation of strigolactone signaling by *** hypothesize that integration of SMXL5 into heteromeric SMXL complexes reduces the susceptibility of SMXL6/7/8 proteins to strigolactone-activated degradation and that the EAR motif promotes the formation or stability of these *** mechanism may provide a way to spatially or temporally fine-tune strigolactone signaling through the regulation of SMXL5 expression or translation.

关键词： Arabidopsis typically inhibiting

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Absolute cardiovascular risk assessment by Australian early-career general practitioners: a cross-sectional study

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2023年第3期11卷 45-61页

作者： Toby Morgan Anna Ralston Andrew Davey Elizabeth G Holliday mark nelson Alison Fielding Mieke van Driel Amanda Tapley Dominica Moad Jean Ball Jennifer Presser Neil Spike Parker Magin School of Population Health University of New South Wales Faculty of MedicineKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia NSW&ACT Research and Evaluation Unit GP Synergy Ltd-NewcastleMayfield WestNew South WalesAustralia School of Medicine and Public Health The University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia University of Tasmania Menzies Institute for Medical Research HobartTasmaniaAustralia University of Tasmania School of Medicine HobartTasmaniaAustralia General Practice Clinical Unit The University of Queensland Faculty of MedicineBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Clinical Research Design and Statistical Support Unit(CReDITSS) The University of Newcastle Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew LambtonNew South WalesAustralia Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care The University of MelbourneCarltonVictoriaAustralia Monash University Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences ClaytonVictoriaAustralia

Objective To determine the prevalence and associations of general practice registrars’performing absolute cardio-vascular risk(ACVR)assessment(ACVRa).Design A cross-sectional study employing data(2017–2018)from the Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training project,an ongoing inception cohort study of Australian GP *** outcome measure was whether an ACVRa was *** employed univariable and multivariable *** was conducted for all patient problems/diagnoses,then for an‘at-risk’population(specific problems/diagnoses for which ACVRa is indicated).Setting Three GP regional training organisations(RTOs)across three Australian *** GP registrars training within participating *** 1003 registrars(response rate 96.8%)recorded details of 69105 problems either with Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait patients aged 35 years and older or with non-Indigenous patients aged 45 years and *** these problems/diagnoses,1721(2.5%(95%CI 2.4%to 2.6%))involved an *** ACVRa was‘plausibly indicated’in 10384 problems/*** these,1228(11.8%(95%CI 11.2%to 12.4%))involved ***‘all problems/diagnoses’,on multivariable analysis female gender was associated with reduced odds of ACVRa(OR 0.61(95%CI 0.54 to 0.68)).There was some evidence for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people being more likely to receive ACVRa(OR 1.40(95%CI 0.94 to 2.08),p=0.10).There were associations with variables related to continuity of care,with reduced odds of ACVRa:if the patient was new to the registrar(OR 0.65(95%CI 0.57 to 0.75)),new to the practice(OR 0.24(95%CI 0.15 to 0.38))or the problem was new(OR 0.68(95%CI 0.59 to 0.78));and increased odds if personal follow-up was organised(OR 1.43(95%CI 1.24 to 1.66)).For‘ACVRa indicated’problems/diagnoses,findings were similar to those for‘all problems/diagnoses’.Association with Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander status,however,was significant at p<0.05(OR 1.60(95%CI 1.04 to 2.46))a

关键词： sectional continuity Island

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欧洲污染问题日益严重

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国外农业环境保护 1991年第4期 26-28页

作者： mark M. nelson 郝广金

森林受害国际应用系统分析研究所(ⅡASA)的科学家Sten Nilsson说主要是空气污染和酸雨使欧洲森林的75％呈现病态,受到威胁。一些著名的专家认为,西欧如果不帮助它的邻居(东欧)降低空气污染的话,要清洁自己后院的污秽空气几乎是不会有什... 详细信息

森林受害国际应用系统分析研究所(ⅡASA)的科学家Sten Nilsson说主要是空气污染和酸雨使欧洲森林的75％呈现病态,受到威胁。一些著名的专家认为,西欧如果不帮助它的邻居(东欧)降低空气污染的话,要清洁自己后院的污秽空气几乎是不会有什么进展的。“帮助东欧清洁空气至少是部分降低西欧空气污染的最快而又最便宜的办法。”研究欧洲空气污染的人说,过去的十年里污染的影响明显增加。污物被风夹带和雨水淋洗到地面上,侵蚀石头建筑物。

关键词：污染欧州

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