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Functionalized, carbon nanotube material for the catalytic degradation of organophosphate nerve agents

Nano Research 2014年第3期7卷 390-398页

作者： mark M. Bailey John M. Heddleston Jeffrey Davis Jessica l. Staymates Angela R. Hight Walker National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division Gaithersburg MD USA National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Materials Measurement Science Division Gaithersburg MD USA Present Address: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) Center for Aerobiological Sciences Fort Detrick MD USA

Recent world events have emphasized the need to develop innovative, functional materials that will safely neutralize chemical warfare （CW） agents in situ to protect military personnel and civilians from dermal exposure. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of a novel, proof-of-concept design for a Cu-containing catalyst, chemically bonded to a single-wall carbon nanotube （SWCNT） structural support, to effectively degrade an organophosphate simulant. SWCNTs have high tensile strength and are flexible and light-weight, which make them a desirable structural component for unique, fabric-like materials. This study aims to develop a self-decontaminating, carbon nanotube-derived material that can ultimately be incorporated into a wearable fabric or protective material to minimize dermal exposure to organophosphate nerve agents and to prevent accidental exposure during decontamination procedures. Carboxylated SWCNTs were functionalized with a polymer, which contained Cu-chelating bipyridine groups, and their catalytic activity against an organophosphate simulant was measured over time. The catalytically active, functionalized nanomaterial was characterized using X-ray fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy. Assuming zeroth-order reaction kinetics, the hydrolysis rate of the organophosphate simulant, as monitored by UV-vis absorption in the presence of the catalytically active nanomaterial, was 63 times faster than the uncatalyzed hydrolysis rate for a sample containing only carboxylated SWCNTs or a control sample containing no added nanotube materials.

关键词： single-wall carbonnanotubefunctionalization catalytically-activenanomaterial chemical warfare agent

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Folate binding protein—Outlook for drug delivery applications

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Chinese Chemical letters 2015年第4期26卷 426-430页

作者： Rachel l.Merzel Jun-Jie Chen E.Neil G.Marsh mark M.Banaszak Holl Department of Chemistry University of Michigan

Serum proteins represent an important class of drug and imaging agent delivery vectors. In this mini- review, key advantages of using serum proteins are discussed, followed by the particular advantages and challenges associated with employing soluble folate binding protein. In particular, approaches employing drugs that target folate metabolism are reviewed. Additionally, the slow-onset, tight- binding interaction of folate with folate binding protein and the relationship to a natural oligomerization mechanism is discussed. These unique aspects of folate binding protein suggest interesting applications for the protein as a vector for further drug and imaging agent development.

关键词： Folate binding proteinSerum proteinDrug deliveryFolate conjugateFolic acid

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Enhanced degradation of trichloroethene by calcium peroxide activated with Fe（III） in the presence of citric acid

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第3期10卷 502-512页

作者： Xiang ZHANG Xiaogang GU Shuguang lU Zhouwei MIAO Minhui XU Xiaori FU Muhammad DANISH mark l. BRUSSEAU Zhaofu QIU Qian SUI State Environmental Protection Key laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China Soil Water and Environmental Science Department School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Arizona 429 Shantz Building Tucson AZ 85721 United States

Trichloroethene （TCE） degradation by Fe（III）- activated calcium peroxide （CP） in the presence of citric acid （CA） in aqueous solution was investigated. The results demonstrated that the presence of CA enhanced TCE degradation significantly by increasing the concen- tration of soluble Fe（III） and promoting H202 generation. The generation of HO· and O2^-· in both the CP/Fe（III） and CP/Fe（III）/CA systems was confirmed with chemical probes. The results of radical scavenging tests showed that TCE degradation was due predominantly to direct oxidation by HO·, while O2^-· strengthened the generation of HO· by promoting Fe（III） transformation in the CP/Fe （III）/CA system. Acidic pH conditions were favorable for TCE degradation, and the TCE degradation rate decreased with increasing pH. The presence of Cl·-, HCO3·-, and humic acid （HA） inhibited TCE degradation to different extents for the CP/Fe（III）/CA system. Analysis of Cl·- production suggested that TCE degradation in the CP/Fe （III）/CA system occurred through a dechlorination process. In summary, this study provided detailed information for the application of CA-enhanced Fe（III）-activated calcium peroxide for treating TCE contaminated groundwater.

关键词： calcium peroxide trichloroethene (TCE) citric acid ferric ion free radicals oxidation

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Calibration of coupled hydro-mechanical properties of grain-based model for simulating fracture process and associated pore pressure evolution in excavation damage zone around deep tunnels

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第1期13卷 60-83页

作者： Kiarash Farahmand mark S.Diederichs Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioK7L 3N6Canada Golder Associates VancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada

The objective of this paper is to develop a methodology for calibration of a discrete element grain-based model(GBM)to replicate the hydro-mechanical properties of a brittle rock measured in the laboratory,and to apply the calibrated model to simulating the formation of excavation damage zone(EDZ)around underground ***,a new cohesive crack model is implemented into the universal distinct element code(UDEC)to control the fracturing behaviour of materials under various loading ***,a methodology for calibration of the components of the UDEC-Voronoi model is *** role of connectivity of induced microcracks on increasing the permeability of laboratory-scale samples is *** calibrated samples are used to investigate the influence of pore fluid pressure on weakening the drained strength of the laboratory-scale *** validity of the Terzaghi’s effective stress law for the drained peak strength of low-porosity rock is tested by performing a series of biaxial compression test ***,the evolution of damage and pore pressure around two unsupported circular tunnels in crystalline granitic rock is studied.

关键词： Coupled hydro-mechanical properties Excavation damage zone(EDZ) Grain-based model(GBM)calibration Stress-fracturing of rock Cohesive crack model Stress-dependent permeability

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Patient Characteristics, Safety, and Tolerability With Telaprevir Treatment for HCV in the Clinic:a Retrospective, Multicenter Study

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2014年第2期2卷 65-73页

作者： Steven l. Flamm Paul J. Pockros leif Bengtsson mark Friedman Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois USA Scripps Clinic and Scripps Translational Science Institute La Jolla California USA Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Boston Massachusetts USA

Background and Aims: There is a paucity of information regarding similarities and differences between patients from the phase 3 studies of telaprevir and those receiving telaprevir in clinical practice. Methods: This retrospective chart review evaluated baseline characteristics and follow-up safety and tolerability data for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection treated with telaprevir and peginterferon alfa and ribavirin (PR) in clinical practice. Results: In total, 338 charts from patients at four academic and three community US treatment centers who received telaprevir and PR and had at least 12 weeks of follow-up data were included;62%were from academic centers and 38% were from community centers. Of the 338 patients, 269 completed 12 weeks of telaprevir and PR;32 discontinued due to adverse events. Mean age was 55 years;patients were predominantly white (79.3%) males (58.9%) with genotype 1a HCV infection (61.8%);35.5%were reported to have cirrhosis at baseline;and 55.3%previously received PR. Hypertension and depres-sion were the most common comorbidities. Patient charac-teristics outside the per-protocol minimum criteria used in the phase 3 studies of telaprevir were, e.g., hemoglobin, 9.2%;albumin, 5.3%;platelets, 11.5%;and neutrophil count, 5.6%. Adverse events occurred in 329/338 (97.3%) patients, with anemia, fatigue, nausea, and rash being the most common. Of 38 hospitalizations, 26 were deemed related to telaprevir and PR. Three patients died due to pneumonia, septic shock, and hepatorenal syndrome (n=1 each). Conclusions: These findings complement those reported from rigorous, randomized controlled studies with telaprevir-based treatment and provide a general assess-ment of similarities and/or differences between patients from the phase 3 studies of telaprevir and those treated with telaprevir in clinical practice.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Combination drug therapy Protease inhibitors liver diseases

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Real Collaboration : What It Takes for Global Health to Succeed 1

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丛书名： California/Milbank Books on Health and the Public, Vol. 20

2010年

作者： mark l. Rosenberg Elisabeth Hayes Margaret McIntyre Nancy Wall Neill

ISBN: (纸本)9780520259508;9780520259515;9780520945555

Essential reading for those who work in global health, this practical handbook focuses on what might be the most important lesson of the last fifty years: that collaboration is the best way to make health resources count for disadvantaged people around the world. Designed as a learning resource to catalyze fresh thinking, Real Collaboration draws from case studies of teams struggling to combat smallpox, river blindness, polio, and other health threats. In honest appraisals, participants share their missteps as well as their successes. Based on these stories, as well as on analyses of many other enterprises, this accessible, engaging book distills the critical factors that can increase the likelihood of success for those who are launching or managing a new partnership.• Features a solutions-oriented approach• Covers leadership skills, management approaches and lessons from experienced project teams• Information is clearly presented in graphics, sidebars, checklists, and other useful features• Supplementary teaching aids including a DVD and additional online resources

关键词： Charities, Medical World health Medical policy International cooperation

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Realistic magnetic thermodynamics by local quantization of a semiclassical Heisenberg model

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1771-1776页

作者： Flynn Walsh mark Asta lin-Wang Wang Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Graduate Group in Applied Science and Technology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences100083BeijingChina

Classical Monte Carlo simulation of the Heisenberg model poorly describes many thermodynamic phenomena due to its neglect of the quantum nature of ***,we discuss how to semiclassically approach the quantum problem and demonstrate a simple method for introducing a locally approximate form of spin *** the procedure underestimates magnetic short-range order,our results suggest a simple correction for recovering realistic spin–spin correlations above the critical ***,ensemble fluctuations are found to provide reasonably accurate thermodynamics,largely reproducing quantum mechanically calculated heat capacities and experimental magnetometry for ferromagnetic Fe and antiferromagnetic *** of the method are proposed to address remaining inaccuracies.

关键词： temperature thermodynamics Heisenberg

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Reaction kinetic model for a recent co-produced water treatment technology

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第3期23卷 360-365页

作者： Abdulwahab M Ali Tuwati mark A.Bentley Chemical & Petroleum Engineering University of Wyoming

With the increasing demand for fossil based energy and implementation of progressively strict environmental pollution control standards, treatment of a large amount of co-produced waters （CPWs） from fossil based energy production has become increasingly important. Removal of bicarbonate with H2SO4 has been recently studied as a simple and cost-effective method to decrease the alkalinity of CPWs. The present work investigates the kinetics of the reaction between H2SO4 and NaHCO3, which could provide the base for scaling-up the CPW treatment technology. Based on the measured quantity change of the CO2 gas generated from the reaction between H2SO4 and NaHCO3 with time under specified initial reaction conditions, the reaction orders with respect to H2SO4 and NaHCO3 were determined. Experiments were also conducted within the temperature of 15-30℃ to find various global rate coefficients of the reaction to calculate the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor of the empirical Arrhenius form of the bicarbonate removal reaction, which are 197.7 kJ/mol and 3.13 × 1034 （mol-3.7 ×l3.7 ×sec^-1 ）, respectively.

关键词： fossil fuels water wastewater alkalinity bicarbonate

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Fuel and vegetation changes in southwestern, unburned portions of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, 2003-2019

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第5期33卷 1459-1470页

作者： T.Adam Coates W.mark Ford Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA U.S.Geological Survey Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitDepartment of Fisheries and Wildlife ConservationVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA

Overstory basal area,ericaceous shrub cover(Kalmia latifolia *** Rhododendron maximum l.),and fuels(i.e.,woody fuel loads and depths and O Horizon thickness) were assessed within Great Smoky Mountains National Park,USA,in *** to recent wildfire activity within the southern Appalachian Mountain region(including Great Smoky Mountains National Park),the potential spread and expansion of ericaceous shrubs,and the impacts of the hemlock woolly adelgid(Adelges tsugae Annand) on eastern hemlock(Tsuga canadensis(l.) Carrière),these same ecosystem components were again assessed in *** and moisture regime(xeric,intermediate,and mesic) were included in this assessment as potential influential *** evaluation of repeated measurements from 40 plots suggested that O Horizon thickness did not change significantly over the 16-year period,but increased as elevation increased,and moisture regime(xeric O Horizon thickness> mesic O Horizon thickness) was a significant,related *** sum of 1-,10-,and 100-h fuel loads(fuels less l depth decreased over the16-year *** significant changes in 1000-h fuel lo ads(>7.6 cm diameter),total woody fuel loads,ericaceous shrub cover,total basal area,or live *** basal area were *** *** basal area decreased with increasing ***,standing *** basal area increased from 2003-2019,and that increase was most pronounced as elevation increased on xeric and intermediate ***,we found that:*** increases in total woody fuel loads and ericaceous shrub cover were not present;and *** and moisture regime were most related to observed changes in vegetation and fuel condition.

关键词： Eastern hemlock Hemlock woolly adelgid Mountain laurel Rhododendron

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land use and dingo baiting are correlated with the density of kangaroos in rangeland systems

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第2期18卷 299-315页

作者： Stuart J.DAWSON Tracey l.KREPlINS Malcolm S.KENNEDY Juanita RENWICK mark A.COWAN Patricia A.FlEMING Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Harry Butler InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochAustralia Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development(present address) South PerthAustralia Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development NorthamAustralia Queensland Department of Environment and Science Australia Queensland Department of Environment and Science MoggillAustralia Department of Biodiversity Conservation and AttractionsWoodvaleAustralia

Rangelands worldwide have been subject to broadscale modiﬁcation,such as widespread predator control,intro-duction of permanent livestock water and altered vegetation to improve *** Australia,these landscape changes have resulted in kangaroos(*** macropods)populations increasing over the past 200 ***-garoos are a key contributor to total grazing pressure and in conjunction with livestock and feral herbivores have been linked to land *** used 22 years of aerial survey data to investigate whether the density of 3 macropod species in the southern rangelands of Western Australia was associated with:(i)land use,including type of livestock,total livestock,density of feral goats,type of land tenure,and kangaroo commercial harvest effort;(ii)predator management,including permitted dingo control effort,estimated dingo abundance,and presence of the State Barrier Fence(a dingo exclusion fence);and(iii)environmental variables:ruggedness,rainfall,fractional cover,and total standing dry *** kangaroos(Osphranter rufus)were most abundant inﬂat,open vegetation,on pastoral land,where area permitted for dingo control was high,and numbers were positively associated with antecedent rainfall with a 12-month *** grey kangaroos(Macropus fuliginosus)were most abundant onﬂat,agricultural land,but less abundant in areas with high permitted dingo ***(Osphranter robustus)were most abundant in rugged pastoral land with open vegetation,where permitted dingo control was *** environmental variables are key drivers of landscape productivity and kangaroo populations,anthropogenic factors such as land use and permitted dingo control are strongly associated with kangaroo abundance.

关键词： herbivores livestock macropods overgrazing rangelands total grazing pressure

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