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Does aspirin or non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use prevent colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第13期22卷 3679-3686页

作者： Nick E Burr mark A Hull venkataraman Subramanian leeds Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Sciences St James' s University Hospital University of Leeds

AIM: To determine whether aspirin or non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NA-NSAIDs) prevent colorectal cancer(CRC) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched for articles reporting the risk of CRC in patients with IBD related to aspirin or NANSAID use. Pooled odds ratios(OR) and 95%CIs were determined using a random-effects model. Publication bias was assessed using Funnel plots and Egger's test. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q and the I2 ***: Eight studies involving 14917 patients and 3 studies involving 1282 patients provided data on the risk of CRC in patients with IBD taking NA-NSAIDs and aspirin respectively. The pooled OR of developing CRC after exposure to NA-NSAIDs in patients with IBD was 0.80(95%CI: 0.39-1.21) and after exposure to aspirin it was 0.66(95%CI: 0.06-1.39). There was significant heterogeneity(I2 > 50%) between the studies. There was no change in the effect estimates on subgroup a na ly s e s o f t he po pulat io n s t udie d o r w he t he r adjustment or matching was ***: There is a lack of high quality evidence on this important clinical topic. From the available evidence NA-NSAID or aspirin use does not appear to be chemopreventative for CRC in patients with IBD.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Aspirin Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory Colorectal cancer Chemoprevention

Assessment of lymph node involvement in colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2016年第3期8卷 179-192页

作者： mark l H Ong John B Schofield department of Histopathology Maidstone Hospital Maidstone Kent ME16 9QQ United Kingdom School of Physical Sciences University of Kent Canterbury Kent CT2 7NH United Kingdom

lymph node metastasis informs prognosis and is a key factor in deciding further management, particularly adjuvant chemotherapy. It is core to all contemporary staging systems, including the widely used tumor node metastasis staging system. Patients with nodenegative disease have 5-year survival rates of 70%-80%, implying a significant minority of patients with occult lymph node metastases will succumb to disease recurrence. Enhanced staging techniques may help to identify this subset of patients, who might benefit from further treatment. Obtaining adequate numbers of lymph nodes is essential for accurate staging. lymph node yields are affected by numerous factors, many inherent to the patient and the tumour, but others related to surgical and histopathological practice. Good lymph node recovery relies on close collaboration between surgeon and pathologist. The optimal extent of surgical resection remains a subject of debate. Extended lymphadenectomy, extra-mesenteric lymph node dissection, high arterial ligation and complete mesocolic excision are amongst the surgical techniques with plausible oncological bases, but which are not supported by the highest levels of evidence. With further development and refinement, intra-operative lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy may provide a guide to the optimum extent of lymphadenectomy, but in its present form, it is beset by false negatives, skip lesions and failures to identify a sentinel node. Once resected, histopathological assessment of the surgical specimen can be improved by thorough dissection techniques, step-sectioning of tissue blocks and immunohistochemistry. More recently, molecular methods have been employed. In this review, we consider the numerous factors that affect lymph node yields, including the impact of the surgical and histopathological techniques. Potential future strategies, including the use of evolving technologies, are also discussed.

关键词： Colorectal cancer lymphatic metastases lymph node metastasis Neoplasm staging Tumor node metastasis classification Sentinel lymph node biopsy lymph node excision Histopathological assessment Surgery

Carbon Supply and the Regulation of Cell Wa Synthesis

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Molecular Plant 2018年第1期11卷 75-94页

作者： Jana verbancic John Edward lunn mark Stitt Staffan Persson Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Muhlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany School of Biosciences University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia

All plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall that determines the directionality of cell growth and protects the cell against its environment. Plant cell walls are comprised primarily of polysaccharides and represent the largest sink for photosynthetically fixed carbon, both for individual plants and in the terrestrial biosphere as a whole. Cell wall synthesis is a highly sophisticated process, involving multiple enzymes and metabolic intermediates, intracellular trafficking of proteins and cell wall precursors, assembly of cell wall polymers into the extracellular matrix, remodeling of polymers and their interactions, and recycling of cell wall sugars. In this review we discuss how newly fixed carbon, in the form of UDP-glucose and other nucleotide sugars, contributes to the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides, and how cell wall synthesis is influenced by the carbon status of the plant, with a focus on the model species Arabidopsis （Arabidopsis thaliana）.

关键词： carbon availability cell walls nucleotide sugars sucrose synthase

Exercise training improves long-term memory in obese mice

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life Metabolism 2024年第1期3卷 37-50页

作者： Oliver K.Fuller Casey l.Egan Tina l.Robinson Nimna Perera Heidy K.latchman lauren v.Terry Emma D.Mclennan Carolina Chavez Emma l.Burrows John W.Scott Robyn M.Murphy Henriette van Praag Martin Whitham mark A.Febbraio Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoria3052Australia la Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoria3086Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria3052Australia Department of Biomedical Sciences Charles E.Schmidt College of Medicineand Stiles-Nicholson Brain InstituteFlorida Atlantic UniversityJupiterFL 33458United States College of life and Environmental Sciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

Obesity has been linked to a range of pathologies,including *** contrast,regular physical activity is associated with the prevention or reduced progression of ***,physical activity can improve memory and spatial cognition,reduce age-related cognitive decline,and preserve brain volume,but the mechanisms are not fully ***,we investigated whether any detrimental effects of high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obesity on cognition,motor behavior,adult hippocampal neurogenesis,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)could be mitigated by voluntary exercise training in male C57Bl/6 ***-induced impairment of motor function was not reversed by ***,voluntary wheel running improved long-term memory and increased hippocampal neurogenesis,suggesting that regular physical activity may prevent cognitive decline in obesity.

关键词： obesity exercise cognition

Magnitude,Scale,and Dynamics of the 2020 Mei-yu Rains and Floods over China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第12期38卷 2082-2096页

作者： Ambrogio vOlONTÉ mark MUETZElFElDT Reinhard SCHIEMANN Andrew GTURNER Nicholas KlINGAMAN Department of Meteorology University of ReadingReadingRG66ESUK National Centre for Atmospheric Science University of ReadingReadingRG66ESUK

large parts of East and South Asia were affected by heavy precipitation and flooding during early summer *** study provides both a statistical and dynamical characterization of rains and floods affecting the Yangtze River Basin(YRB).By aggregating daily and monthly precipitation over river basins across Asia,it is shown that the YRB is one of the areas that was particularly *** and July 2020 rainfall was higher than in the previous 20 years,and the YRB experienced anomalously high rainfall across most of its *** discharge also attained levels not seen since 1998/*** automated method detecting the daily position of the East Asian Summer Monsoon Front(EASMF)is applied to show that the anomalously high YRB precipitation was associated with a halted northward progression of the EASMF and prolonged mei-yu conditions over the YRB lasting more than one *** 5-day heavy-precipitation episodes(12−16 June and 4−8 July 2020)are selected from this period for dynamical characterization,including lagrangian trajectory *** attention is devoted to the dynamics of the airstreams converging at the *** episodes display heavy precipitation and convergence of monsoonal and subtropical air ***,clear differences are identified in the upper-level flow pattern,substantially affecting the balance of airmass advection towards the *** study contextualizes heavy precipitation in Asia in summer 2020 and showcases several analysis tools developed by the authors for the study of such events.

关键词： East Asian summer monsoon 2020 China floods Yangtze River basin mei-yu front extreme precipitation

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor as a novel adjunct to improve hepatitis B vaccination

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World Journal of Hepatology 2010年第3期2卷 136-138页

作者： Sudeep Tanwar mark Thursz Department of Hepatology Imperial College London St Mary's Hospital

Hepatitis B vaccination is successful in 95% of individuals. In the remainder, despite repeated attempts, immunization often remains unsuccessful. 'Non-response' leaves the individual susceptible to infection. various strategies have been employed to overcome this. These include the use of adjuncts alongside conventional vaccines which activate immune responses. In this case report we demonstrate the successful use of the hematopoietic growth factor Granulocyte colonystimulating factor (G-CSF) as a vaccine adjunct in an individual who had previously failed conventional vaccination three times. The patient tolerated the regimen without any side effects and achieved a hepatitis B surface antibody titer greater than 100 IU/l. Use of G-CSF as a vaccine adjunct for hepatitis B has not previously been reported and the outcome in this case suggests that the use of G-CSF in this context warrants further exploration.

关键词： Hepatitis B vaccination Adjunct Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

Direct laser writing of volumetric gradient index lenses and waveguides

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light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 89-102页

作者： Christian R.Ocier Corey A.Richards Daniel A.Bacon-Brown Qing Ding Raman Kumar Tanner J.Garcia Jorik van de Groep Jung-Hwan Song Austin J.Cyphersmith Andrew Rhode Andrea N.Perry Alexander J.littlefield Jinlong Zhu Dajie Xie Haibo Gao Jonah F.Messinger mark l.Brongersma Kimani C.Toussaint Jr lynford l.Goddard Paul v.Braun Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Materials Research laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Carl R.Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA

Direct laser writing(DlW)has been shown to render 3D polymeric optical components,including lenses,beam expanders,and mirrors,with submicrometer ***,these printed structures are limited to the refractive index and dispersive properties of the ***,we present the subsurface controllable refractive index via beam exposure(SCRIBE)method,a lithographic approach that enables the tuning of the refractive index over a range of greater than 0.3 by performing DlW inside photoresist-filled nanoporous silicon and silica *** the laser exposure during printing enables 3D submicron control of the polymer infilling and thus the refractive index and chromatic *** SCRIBE’s unprecedented index range and 3D writing accuracy has realized the world’s smallest(15μm diameter)spherical luneburg lens operating at visible ***’s ability to tune the chromatic dispersion alongside the refractive index was leveraged to render achromatic doublets in a single printing step,eliminating the need for multiple photoresins and writing *** also has the potential to form multicomponent optics by cascading optical elements within a *** a demonstration,stacked focusing structures that generate photonic nanojets were fabricated inside porous ***,an all-pass ring resonator was coupled to a subsurface 3D *** measured quality factor of 4600 at 1550 nm suggests the possibility of compact photonic systems with optical interconnects that traverse multiple *** is uniquely suited for constructing such photonic integrated circuits due to its ability to integrate multiple optical components,including lenses and waveguides,without additional printed supports.

关键词： index refractive render

Surgical treatment of lenke 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Comparison of anterior vs posterior approach

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2016年第9期7卷 553-560页

作者： mark F Abel Anuj Singla mark A Feger lindsay D Sauer Wendy Novicoff Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Virginia

AIM To compare the posterior vs anterior approaches for fusion of lenke 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves,matched for curve magnitude and for the distal level of fixation(dlOF) standardized to the third lumbar vertebrae(l3).METHODS A prospectively collected multicenter database was used for this retrospective comparative study. Our dependent variables included sagittal and coronal radiographic measurements, number of fused vertebrae, estimated blood loss, length of hospitalization and SRS total and individual domain scores at the two-year follow-up. Subject demographics were similar for all group *** t-test was used to compare groups for all analyses at P ll matched cases of lenke 5 curves, a selective approach was used only 50% of the time in cases undergoing a posterior fusion. When comparing a posterior selective approach to an anterior selective approach,surgeons utilizing a posterior approach fused significantly more levels than surgeons using an anterior approach with no other significant differences in radiographic or SRS outcomes(Ant = 4.8 ± 1.0 levels vs post = 6.1 ± 1.0 levels, P lOF was standardized to l3, the anterior approached provided significantly greater lumbar Cobb percent correction than the posterior approach(Ant = 69.1% ± 12.6% vs post =54.6% ± 16.4%, P = 0.004), with no other significant radiographic or SRS score differences between *** Surgeons treating lenke 5c curves with a posterior instrumentation and fusion vs an anterior approach include more motion segments, even with a selective fusion. When controlled for the distal level of fixation,the anterior approach provides greater correction of the thoracolumbar curve.

关键词： Instrumentation Thoracolumbar curve Selective fusion

Temporal and elevation trends in rainfall erosivity on a 149 km2watershed in a semi-arid region of the American Southwest

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2015年第2期3卷 77-85页

作者： mark A.Nearingn Carl l.Unkrich Dave C.Goodrich Mary H.Nichols Tim O.Keefer USDA-ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center 2000 E Allen RoadTucsonAZ 85719USA

Temporal changes in rainfall erosivity can be expected to occur with changing climate and because rainfall amounts areknown to bein pait of afunction of elevation erosivity can be expected to be influenced by elevation as *** is particularly truein mountainous regions such as are found over much of the westem United *** objective of this study was to identify temporal and elevation trends in rainfall erosivity on a 149km^(2)(58 miles)watershed in a semi-arid region of southeastem Arizona Data from 84 rain gages forthe years 19602012 at elevations ranging from 1231 to 1644 m(40385394 ft)were used in the *** average annual erosivity over the watershed as a whole was 1104 MJ mm ha^(-1)h^(-1)yr^(-1)(65 hundreds of foot ton inch acrei h^(-1)yr^(-1)),and ranged from approximately 950 to 1225 MJ mm ha^(-1)h^(-1)yr^(-1)(56-72 hundreds of foot ton inch acre^(-1)h^(-1)yr^(-1)),with a statistical trend showing greater erosivity af the higher elevations No statistically significant temporal changes in annual or summer erosivities were *** result stands in contrast to fecent modeling studies of runoff and erosion in the area based on downscaled GCM information that project significant levels of erosivity changes over coming *** results are consistent with known orographic rainfall effects,but contrast with recent studies that presented projections of significant trends of increasing erosivity in the future based on downscaled GCM outputs for the area The results illustiate the need for testing and developing improved techniques to evaluate future erosion scenarios for purposes of making targeted soil conservation decisions Production and Hosting by Elsevier B.v on behalf of International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation and China Water and Power Press This is anopen access article under theCCBY-NC-ND licens(http://***/licenses/by-ncnd/4.0/).

关键词： Climate change R-factor RUSlE Semiarid Soil erosion Walnut Gulch