Direct laser writing of volumetric gradient index lenses and waveguides

作     者：Christian R.Ocier Corey A.Richards Daniel A.Bacon-Brown Qing Ding Raman Kumar Tanner J.Garcia Jorik van de Groep Jung-Hwan Song Austin J.Cyphersmith Andrew Rhode Andrea N.Perry Alexander J.Littlefield Jinlong Zhu Dajie Xie Haibo Gao Jonah F.Messinger Mark L.Brongersma Kimani C.Toussaint Jr Lynford L.Goddard Paul V.Braun Christian R.Ocier;Corey A.Richards;Daniel A.Bacon-Brown;Qing Ding;Raman Kumar;Tanner J.Garcia;Jorik van de Groep;Jung-Hwan Song;Austin J.Cyphersmith;Andrew Rhode;Andrea N.Perry;Alexander J.Littlefield;Jinlong Zhu;Dajie Xie;Haibo Gao;Jonah F.Messinger;Mark L.Brongersma;Kimani C.Toussaint Jr;Lynford L.Goddard;Paul V.Braun

作者机构：Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Department of Materials Science and EngineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Carl R.Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA 

出 版 物：《Light(Science & Applications)》 (光（科学与应用)（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2020年第9卷第1期

页      面：89-102页

核心收录：

学科分类：080901[工学-物理电子学] 0809[工学-电子科学与技术（可授工学、理学学位）] 08[工学] 080401[工学-精密仪器及机械] 0804[工学-仪器科学与技术] 0803[工学-光学工程] 

基　　金：funded by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0019140(Brongersma and Braun group focal characterization collaboration) the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College of Engineering Strategic Research Initiative(proof-of-concept studies) the National Science Foundation(ECCS-1935289)(Goddard group,and Braun group laser patterning) 

主　　题：index refractive render 

摘      要：Direct laser writing(DLW)has been shown to render 3D polymeric optical components,including lenses,beam expanders,and mirrors,with submicrometer ***,these printed structures are limited to the refractive index and dispersive properties of the ***,we present the subsurface controllable refractive index via beam exposure(SCRIBE)method,a lithographic approach that enables the tuning of the refractive index over a range of greater than 0.3 by performing DLW inside photoresist-filled nanoporous silicon and silica *** the laser exposure during printing enables 3D submicron control of the polymer infilling and thus the refractive index and chromatic *** SCRIBE’s unprecedented index range and 3D writing accuracy has realized the world’s smallest(15μm diameter)spherical Luneburg lens operating at visible ***’s ability to tune the chromatic dispersion alongside the refractive index was leveraged to render achromatic doublets in a single printing step,eliminating the need for multiple photoresins and writing *** also has the potential to form multicomponent optics by cascading optical elements within a *** a demonstration,stacked focusing structures that generate photonic nanojets were fabricated inside porous ***,an all-pass ring resonator was coupled to a subsurface 3D *** measured quality factor of 4600 at 1550 nm suggests the possibility of compact photonic systems with optical interconnects that traverse multiple *** is uniquely suited for constructing such photonic integrated circuits due to its ability to integrate multiple optical components,including lenses and waveguides,without additional printed supports.