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Innovative approaches to genome editing in avian species

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第2期9卷 278-284页

作者： Caitlin A.Cooper Timothy J.Doran Arjun Challagulla mark l.v.tizard Kristie A.Jenkins CSIRO Health and Biosecurity Australian Animal Health Laboratory

The tools available for genome engineering have significantly improved over the last 5 years, allowing scientist to make precise edits to the genome. Along with the development of these new genome editing tools has come advancements in technologies used to deliver them. In mammals genome engineering tools are typically delivered into in vitro fertilized single cell embryos which are subsequently cultured and then implanted into a recipient *** avian species this is not possible, so other methods have been developed for genome engineering in birds. The most common involves in vitro culturing of primordial germ cells(PGCs), which are cells that migrate through the embryonic circulatory system to the developing gonad and colonize the gonad, eventually differentiating into the gonadocytes which produce either sperm or ova. While in culture the PGCs can be modified to carry novel transgenes or gene edits, the population can be screened and enriched, and then transferred into a recipient embryo. The largest drawback of PGC culture is that culture methods do not transfer well across avian species, thus there are reliable culture methods for only a few species including the chicken. Two newer technologies that appear to be more easily adapted in a wider range of avian species are direct injection and sperm transfection assisted gene editing(STAGE).The direct injection method involves injecting genome engineering tools into the circulatory system of the developing embryo just prior to the developmental time point when the PGCs are migrating to the gonads. The genome engineering tools are complexed with transfection reagents, allowing for in vivo transfection of the PGCs. STAGE utilizes sperm transfection to deliver genome engineering tools directly to the newly fertilized embryo. Preliminary evidence indicates that both methodologies have the potential to be adapted for use in birds species other than the chicken, however further work is needed in this area.

关键词： Avian CRISPR Genome engineering PGCs Sperm TAlEN

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Social interactions in a solitary carnivore

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Current Zoology 2017年第4期63卷 357-362页

作者： l. mark ElBROCH Howard QUIGlEY Panthera 8 West 40th Street 18th Floor New York NY 10018 USA

In total, 177 of 245 terrestrial carnivores are described as solitary, and much of carnivore ecology is built on the assumptions that interactions between adult solitary carnivores are rare. We employed Global Positioning System （GPS） technology and motion-triggered cameras to test predictions of land-tenure territoriality and the resource dispersion hypothesis in a territorial carnivore, the puma Puma concolor. We documented 89 independent GPS interactions, 60% of which occurred at puma kills （n=53）, 59 camera interactions, 11 （17%） of which captured courtship behaviors, and 5 other interactions （1 F-F, 3 M-F, and 1 M-M）. Mean minimum weekly contact rates were 5.5 times higher in winter, the season when elk Cervus elaphus were aggregated at lower elevations and during which puma courtship primarily occurred. In winter, contacts rates were 0.6_＋ 0.3 （standard devi- ation （SD）） interactions/week vs. 0.1 _＋ 0.1 （SD） interactions/week during summer. The preponder- ance of interactions at food sources supported the resource dispersion hypothesis, which predicts that resource fluxes can explain temporary social behaviors that do not result in any apparent benefits for the individuals involved. Conspecific tolerance is logical when a prey is so large that the predator that killed it cannot consume it entirely, and thus, the costs of tolerating a conspecific sharing the kill are less than the potential costs associated with defending it and being injured. Puma aggregations at kills numbered as high as 9, emphasizing the need for future research on what explains tolerance among solitary carnivores.

关键词： carnivores competition Puma concolor resource dispersion hypothesis social interactions tolerance.

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the Philippines:Comparable with other nations?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第6期14卷 913-917页

作者： mark Anthony A De lusong E labio l Daez v Gloria Philippine General Hospital Manila Philippines

AIM: To evaluate the prevalence and determined the common characteristics of patients diagnosed with non- alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFlD) at the Philippine General Hospital, Manila, from January 1999 to December 2004. METHODS: NAFlD was diagnosed in 134 from a total of 1102 patients, based on clinical, ultrasonographic and/or histopathological findings. Patients with conditions associated with secondary NAFlD were excluded. Chart review was done to note demographics, co- morbid illnesses, physical characteristics, hepatomegaly, aspartate/alanine aminotransferase (AST/AlT) levels, albumin, lipid levels, alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time. Data obtained were analyzed using the statistical program SPSS version 10. RESUlTS: Of the 134 patients included, 71% were female and 29% male. Mean patient age was 42.2 years. Sixty percent of patients were obese, 56% had hepatomegaly, and 69% had diabetes. AST levels were elevated in 45% of subjects and AlT levels in 64%. CONClUSION: The prevalence of NAFlD at our institution was 12.2%. Patients diagnosed appear to be younger in age in contrast to previous studies. Female sex, obesity, elevated liver enzymes, and diabetes were characteristic features of our NAFlD patients, which is comparable to previous studies from other countries.

关键词： Fatty liver Obesity Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Diabetes Philippines

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Assessment of faunal communities and habitat use within a shallow water system using non-invasive BRUvs methodology

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2020年第5期5卷 224-233页

作者： Henriette M.v.Grimmel Robert W.Bullock Simon l.Dedman Tristan l.Guttridge mark E.Bond Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation South BiminiBahamas Hull International Fisheries Institute University of HullHullHU67RXUnited Kingdom Independent Researcher San CarlosCAUSA Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University3000 NE 151th StreetNorthMiamiFL33181USA Saving the Blue KendallMiami33186USA

Seagrass and mangrove habitats have long been established as critical for diverse species at various life-stages,particularly as nursery ***,despite their intrinsic and environmental value,these ecosystems are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic *** Bimini,Bahamas,where ongoing development threatens ecosystem integrity,baited remote underwater video surveys(BRUvs)were used to examine faunal communities in both nearshore habitat and a shallow water central lagoon(average depth 1 m).The study assessed species abundances and spatial distribution in a currently unperturbed of the North Bimini Marine Reserve(NBMR).A total of 140 BRUvs,conducted over a 13-month period,recorded 62 species from 27 different *** was used to assess relative abundances and multivariate analyses(***,PCA,PERMANOvA)investigated differences in community composition across discrete factors and environmental *** Regression Trees(BRTs)were used to explore environmental variables for their uncorrelated influences on recorded species *** evidenced the importance of habitat diversity and particularly mangroveadjacent habitat for teleost fishes in Bimini with species diversity and abundance being significantly greater in the mangrove-adjacentdge ***,the study highlighted differences in environmental conditions between habitat types and the association this had with species diversity,abundance and *** the shallow water environment,BRUvs served as a scalable,non-invasive technique to assess community structures within the study *** from this study should inform ongoing decision-making processes regarding the protection of the Bimini Islands ecosystem.

关键词： Baited remote underwater video MaxN Mangrove edge habitat Bahamas Bimini

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Carbon monoxide production using a steel mill gas in a combined chemical looping process

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第5期31卷 811-825页

作者： varun Singh lukas C.Buelens Hilde Poelman mark Saeys Guy B.Marin vladimir v.Galvita laboratory for Chemical Technology Technologiepark 125B-9052 GhentBelgium

Up to 9% of the global CO_(2) emissions come from the iron and steel industry. Here, a combined chemical looping process to produce CO, a building block for the chemical industry, from the CO_(2) -rich blast furnace gas of a steel mill is proposed. This cyclic process can make use of abundant Fe_(3)O_(4) and CaO as solid oxygen and CO_(2) carriers at atmospheric pressure. A proof of concept was obtained in a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor with synthetic blast furnace gas and Fe_(3)O_(4) /CaO = 0.6 kg/kg. CO production from the proposed process was investigated at both isothermal conditions(1023 K) and upon imposing a temperature program from 1023 to 1148 K. The experimental results were compared using performance indicators such as CO yield, CO space time yield, carbon recovery of the process, fuel utilisation, and solids’ *** temperature-programmed CO production resulted in a CO yield of 0.056 ± 0.002 mol per mol of synthetic blast furnace gas at an average CO space time yield of 7.6 mmol kgFe^(-1) s^(-1) over 10 cycles, carbon recovery of 48% ± 1%, fuel utilisation of 23% ± 2%, and an average calcium oxide and iron oxide utilisation of 22% ± 1% and 11% ± 1%. These experimental performance indicators for the temperature-programmed CO production were consistently better than those of the isothermal implementation mode by 20% to 35%. Over 10 consecutive process cycles, no significant losses in CO yield were observed in either implementation mode. Process simulation was carried out for 1 million metric tonnes per year of equivalent CO_(2) emissions from the blast furnace gas of a steel mill to analyse the exergy losses in both modes of operation. Comparison of the exergy efficiency of the temperature-programmed process to the isothermal process showed that the former is more efficient because of the higher CO concentration achievable,despite 20% higher exergy losses caused by heat transfer required to change temperature.

关键词： Steel industry CO_(2)capture Calcium oxide CO_(2)sorbent Reverse water gas shift Circular economy Process intensification

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Herpes simplex induced necrotizing tonsillitis in an immunocompromised patient with ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2016年第2期4卷 60-62页

作者： laura Jansen Xander G vos mark l?wenberg Department of Infectious diseases Academic Medical Center Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Westfries Gasthuis Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Academic Medical Center

We here present the case of a 22-year-old female of Suriname ethnicity with ulcerative colitis who received treatment with mercaptopurine and *** presented herself with a severe necrotizing tonsillitis due to herpes simplex virus type-1(HSv-1).Combination therapy consisting of immunomodulators and anti-tumor necrosis factor(TNF) agents is increasingly being ***-TNF therapy is associated with an increased risk of developing serious infections,and especially patients receiving combination treatment with thiopurines are at an increased *** here show that HSv infections can cause a severe tonsillitis in immunocompromised *** recognition is essential when there is no improvement with initial antibiotic therapy within the first 24 to 72 *** infections should be in the differential diagnosis of immunocompromised patients presenting with a necrotizing tonsillitis and can be confirmed by polymerase chain *** treatment with antiviral agents should be considered especially if antibiotic treatment fails in such patients.

关键词： Herpes simplex virus Tonsillitis Ulcerative colitis Immunosuppression Anti-tumor necrosis factor agents

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A novel diagnostic gene region for distinguishing between two pest fruit flies:Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt)and Bactrocera neohumeralis(Hardy)(Diptera:Tephritidae)

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1285-1295页

作者： Melissa l.Starkie Elizabeth v.Fowler Alexander M.Piper Xiaocheng Zhu Pauline Wyatt David Gopurenko Matt N.Krosch Francesca Strutt Karen F.Armstrong Hamish Patrick mark K.Schutze mark J.Blacket Department of Agriculture and Fisheries BiosecurityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Agriculture victoria AgriBioBundooraVictoriaAustralia Department of Primary Industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural InstituteWagga WaggaNew South WalesAustralia Forensic Services Group Queensland Police ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Pest-management and Conservation Lincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand Better Border Biosecurity(B3 B3nz.org.nz)LincolnNew Zealand

Bactrocera tryoni and Bactrocera neohumeralis are morphologically similar sibling pest fruit fly species that possess different biological attributes,geographic distributions,and host *** need to differentiate between the two species is critical for accurate pest status assessment,management,biosecurity,and maintenance of reference *** morphologically similar,adults may be separated based on subtle characters;however,some characters exhibit intraspecific variability,creating overlap between the two ***,there is currently no single molecular marker or rapid diagnostic assay that can reliably distinguish between *** and ***;therefore,ambiguous samples remain *** we report the first molecular marker that can consistently distinguish between *** and *** diagnostic region consists of two adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)within the pangolin(pan)gene *** confirmed the genotypes of each species are consistent across their distributional range,then developed a tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS)PCR assay for rapid diagnosis of the *** assay utilizes four primers in multiplex,with two outer universal primers,and two internal primers:one designed to target two adjacent SNPs(AA)present in *** and the other targeting adjacent SNPs present in ***(GG).The assay accurately discriminates between the two species,but their SNP genotypes are shared with other nontarget tephritid fruit fly ***,this assay is most suited to adult diagnostics where species confirmation is necessary in determining ambiguous surveillance trap catches;maintaining pure colony lines;and in Sterile Insect Technique management responses.

关键词： ARMS-PCR colony molecular diagnostics pangolin tetra-primer

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家禽业中的革新生物技术

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中国家禽 2008年第16期30卷 6-8页

作者： T.J.Doran M.l.v.tizard R.J.Moore J.W.lowenthal 程金花

文章讲述了鸡体细胞内RNA干扰的过程及对细胞内RNA干扰过程中微小RNA的认识,从而使分子育种能直接或间接对家禽生产中选育性状进行更为明确的控制,也为控制和预防重要的禽类疾病提供可选择的策略。

关键词：生物技术基因组序列草图家禽业微小RNA RNA干扰革新发育过程动物基因组

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Polymer-mediated immunocamouflage of red blood cells: Effects of polymer size on antigenic and immunogenic recognition of allogeneic donor blood cells

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Science China(life Sciences) 2011年第7期54卷 589-598页

作者： WANG DunCheng Dana l. KYlUIK Kari l. MURAD Wendy M. TOYOFUKU mark D. SCOTT Canadian Blood Services Vancouver V6T 1Z3 British Columbia Canada Centre for Blood Research and the Department of Pathology and laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z3 British Columbia Canada Department of Biology College of St. Rose Albany 12208 New York USA

Developing a practical means of reducing alloimmunization in chronically transfused patients would be of significant clinical benefit. Immunocamouflaging red blood ceils （RBCs） by membrane grafting of methoxypoly（ethylene glycol）（mPEG） may reduce the risk of allo-immunization. The results of this study showed that antibody recognition of non-ABO antigens was sig- nificantly reduced in an mPEG-dose- and polymer size-dependent manner, with higher molecular weight mPEGs providing better immunoprotection. Furthermore, in vivo immunogenicity was significantly reduced in mice serially transfused with mPEG-modified xenogeneic （sheep; sRBCs）, allogeneic （C57B1/6）, or syngeneic （Balb/c） RBCs. Following a primary transfu- sion of sRBCs, mice receiving mPEG-sRBCs showed a 〉90% reduction in anti-sRBC IgG antibody levels. After two transfusions, mice receiving mPEG-sRBCs showed reductions of 〉80% in anti-sRBC IgG levels. Importantly, mPEG-modified autologous cells did not induce neoantigens or an immune （IgG or IgM） response. These data suggest that the global immuno- camouflage of RBCs by polymer grafting may provide a safe and cost-effective means of reducing therisk of alloimmunization.

关键词： methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) erythrocyte blood group antigens mice alloimmunization

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Optimizing perioperative Crohn's disease management: Role of coordinated medical and surgical care

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第4期21卷 1182-1188页

作者： Jennifer l Bennett Christina Y Ha Jonathan E Efron Susan l Gearhart mark G lazarev Elizabeth C Wick Department of Surgery The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287United States Division of Gastroenterology the Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287United States Division of Digestive Diseases the David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States

AIM: To investigate rates of re-establishing gastroenterology care, colonoscopy, and/or initiating me-dical therapy after Crohn's disease(CD) surgery at a tertiary care referral ***: CD patients having small bowel or ileocolonic resections with a primary anastomosis between 2009-2012 were identified from a tertiary academic referral center. CD-specific features, medications, and surgical outcomes were abstracted from the medical record. The primary outcome measure was compliance rates with medical follow-up within 4 wk of hospital discharge and surveillance colonoscopy within 12 mo of surgery. RESUlTS: Eighty-eight patients met study inclusion criteria with 92%(n = 81) of patients returning for surgical follow-up compared to only 41%(n = 36) of patients with documented gastroenterology follow-up within four-weeks of hospital discharge, P ly postoperative medical follow-up included younger age, longer length of hospitalization, postoperative biologic use and academic center patients. In the study cohort, 75.0% of patients resumed medical therapy within 12 mo, whereas only 53.4% of patients underwent a colonoscopy within 12 mo of ***: Our study highlights the need for coordinated CD multidisciplinary clinics and structured handoffs among providers to improve of quality of care in the postoperative setting.

关键词： Coordinated care Crohn’s disease Postoperative pro

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