Social interactions in a solitary carnivore
Social interactions in a solitary carnivore作者机构：Panthera 8 West 40th Street 18th Floor New York NY 10018 USA
出 版 物：《Current Zoology》 (动物学报（英文版）)
年 卷 期：2017年第63卷第4期
页 面：357-362页
核心收录：
学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 07[理学] 08[工学] 0905[农学-畜牧学] 0906[农学-兽医学] 0804[工学-仪器科学与技术] 071002[理学-动物学]
基 金：Summerlee Foundation Charles Engelhard Foundation Eugene V. & Clare E. Thaw Charitable Trust National Geographic Society Connemara Fund BBC Community Foundation of Jackson Hole EcoTour Adventures Folgers L. Westbrook Haberfelds Robertsons Hasketts Burgesses A. Smith
主 题：食肉动物 社会行为 孤独 相互作用 GPS系统 全球定位系统 动物资源 相机测试
摘 要：In total, 177 of 245 terrestrial carnivores are described as solitary, and much of carnivore ecology is built on the assumptions that interactions between adult solitary carnivores are rare. We employed Global Positioning System (GPS) technology and motion-triggered cameras to test predictions of land-tenure territoriality and the resource dispersion hypothesis in a territorial carnivore, the puma . We documented 89 independent GPS interactions, 60% of which occurred at puma kills (53), 59 camera interactions, 11 (17%) of which captured courtship behaviors, and 5 other interactions (1 F-F, 3 M-F, and 1 M-M). Mean minimum weekly contact rates were 5.5 times higher in winter, the season when elk were aggregated at lower elevations and during which puma courtship primarily occurred. In winter, contacts rates were 0.6 ± 0.3 (standard deviation (SD)) interactions/week vs. 0.1 ± 0.1 (SD) interactions/week during summer. The preponderance of interactions at food sources supported the resource dispersion hypothesis, which predicts that resource fluxes can explain temporary social behaviors that do not result in any apparent benefits for the individuals involved. Conspecific tolerance is logical when a prey is so large that the predator that killed it cannot consume it entirely, and thus, the costs of tolerating a conspecific sharing the kill are less than the potential costs associated with defending it and being injured. Puma aggregations at kills numbered as high as 9, emphasizing the need for future research on what explains tolerance among solitary carnivores.
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