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X-ray scattering from liquid interfaces

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2006年第6期17卷 322-333页

作者： lI Ming mark l. SCHlOSSMAN Beijing National laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Departments of Physics and Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St Chicago IL 60607 USA

Synchrotron radiation X-ray scattering is a useful tool for structural characterization of liquid interfaces. Specular reflectivity provides precise measurement of the interfacial widths and of the ordering of surfactants adsorbed to these interfaces. Diffuse scattering gives information on phase transitions and domain formation in surfactant monolayers and on interfacial fluctuations confined by and coupled across fluidic films.

关键词： X-射线散射液体界面同步加速器反射率

Social interactions in a solitary carnivore

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Current Zoology 2017年第4期63卷 357-362页

作者： l. mark ElBROCH Howard QUIGlEY Panthera 8 West 40th Street 18th Floor New York NY 10018 USA

In total, 177 of 245 terrestrial carnivores are described as solitary, and much of carnivore ecology is built on the assumptions that interactions between adult solitary carnivores are rare. We employed Global Positioning System （GPS） technology and motion-triggered cameras to test predictions of land-tenure territoriality and the resource dispersion hypothesis in a territorial carnivore, the puma Puma concolor. We documented 89 independent GPS interactions, 60% of which occurred at puma kills （n=53）, 59 camera interactions, 11 （17%） of which captured courtship behaviors, and 5 other interactions （1 F-F, 3 M-F, and 1 M-M）. Mean minimum weekly contact rates were 5.5 times higher in winter, the season when elk Cervus elaphus were aggregated at lower elevations and during which puma courtship primarily occurred. In winter, contacts rates were 0.6_＋ 0.3 （standard devi- ation （SD）） interactions/week vs. 0.1 _＋ 0.1 （SD） interactions/week during summer. The preponder- ance of interactions at food sources supported the resource dispersion hypothesis, which predicts that resource fluxes can explain temporary social behaviors that do not result in any apparent benefits for the individuals involved. Conspecific tolerance is logical when a prey is so large that the predator that killed it cannot consume it entirely, and thus, the costs of tolerating a conspecific sharing the kill are less than the potential costs associated with defending it and being injured. Puma aggregations at kills numbered as high as 9, emphasizing the need for future research on what explains tolerance among solitary carnivores.

关键词： carnivores competition Puma concolor resource dispersion hypothesis social interactions tolerance.

Do concentrations in eggs and liver tissue tell the same story of temporal trends of mercury in high Arctic seabirds?

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第6期30卷 65-72页

作者： mark l.Mallory Birgit M.Braune Biology Department Acadia University Environment and Climate Change Canada National Wildlife Research Centre Carleton University

Mercury（Hg） remains a key contaminant of concern in Arctic biota, and monitoring of Hg concentrations in seabird tissues will be an effective approach to track the effects of implementing the Minamata Convention. We examined trends in total Hg（THg） in liver and egg tissues of two Arctic seabirds, thick-billed murres（Uria lomvia） and northern fulmars（Fulmarus glacialis）, between 1976 and 2013 to assess whether both tissues showed similar patterns of Hg change. Hepatic THg was consistently higher than egg THg, and both species had similar egg THg concentrations, but fulmars had higher hepatic THg than *** THg concentrations showed more relative variation through time than *** suggest that egg THg better reflects exposure of birds to THg in local, Arctic prey,whereas liver THg may incorporate longer term, year-round THg exposure. Additional analysis of THg distribution in Arctic seabirds post-laying would help inform interpretation of long-term trends.

关键词： Canada Fulmarus glacialis Northern fulmar Thick-billed murre Uria lomvia

TlR2 and TlR4-mediated inflammation in Alzheimer's disease: self-defense or sabotage?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第8期16卷 1552-1553页

作者： mark l.Dallas Darius Widera Cellular Neuroscience School of PharmacyUniversity of ReadingReadingUK Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Group School of PharmacyUniversity of ReadingWhiteknights campusReadingUK

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is an irreversible disease that leads to *** underpinning mechanisms of neuronal cell death are a matter of ongoing debate regarding the impact of accumulation of the amyloid beta(Aβ)peptide and post-translation modifications of the tau ***,a growing area of research and one that may provide a more rigorous account of the early changes seen in Alzheimer's brains is inflammation.

关键词： Alzheimer Aβ tau TlR2 TlR4

Sex-specific life-history strategies among immature jumping spiders:Differences in body parameters and behavior

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Current Zoology 2023年第5期69卷 535-551页

作者： lászlóMezőfi Viktor markó DóraÁgnes Taranyi Gábor markó Institute of Plant Protection Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life SciencesBudapest 1118Hungary Institute of Viticulture and Enology Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life SciencesBudapest 1118Hungary

Selection forces often generate sex-specific differences in various traits closely related to *** in adult spiders(Araneae),sexes often differ in coloration,body size,antipredator,or foraging behavior,such sex-related differences are less pronounced among ***,sex-specific life-history strategies may also be adaptive for ***,we hypothesized that among spiders,immature individuals show different life-history strategies that are expressed as sex-specific differences in body parameters and behavioral features,and also in their *** used immature individuals of a protandrous jumping spider,Carrhotus xanthogramma,and examined sex-related *** results showed that males have higher mass and larger prosoma than *** were more active and more risk tolerant than *** activity increased with time,and larger males tended to capture the prey faster than small ones,while females showed no such ***,females reacted to the threatening abiotic stimuli more with the increasing number of test *** both males and females,individuals with better body conditions tended to be more risk *** showed no sex-specific differences in interindividual behavioral consistency and in intraindividual behavioral variation in the measured behavioral ***,we also found evidence for behavioral syndromes(i.e.,correlation between different behaviors),where in males,only the activity correlated with the risk-taking behavior,but in females,all the measured behavioral traits were *** present study demonstrates that *** sexes follow different life-history strategies even before attaining maturity.

关键词： activity behavioral syndrome boldness intraindividual variability repeatability sexual dimorphism

Development of high damage threshold laser-machined apodizers and gain filters for laser applications

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High Power laser Science and Engineering 2016年第3期4卷 113-119页

作者： Patrick Rambo Jens Schwarz mark Kimmel John l.Porter Sandia National laboratories

We have developed high damage threshold filters to modify the spatial profile of a high energy laser beam. The filters are formed by laser ablation of a transmissive window. The ablation sites constitute scattering centers which can be filtered in a subsequent spatial filter. By creating the filters in dielectric materials, we see an increased laser-induced damage threshold from previous filters created using ‘metal on glass' lithography.

关键词： apodization laser beam shaping laser micro-machining spatial filtering

Reactivity of Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Matter (PCM) in mediating environmental reactions: Current knowledge and future trends

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第5期14卷 115-125页

作者： Wenqing Xu mark lSegall Zhao li Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Villanova UniversityVillanovaPA 19085USA

Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Matter(PCM;e.g.,black carbon,biochar,and activated carbon)are solid residues from incomplete combustion of fussil fuel or *** are traditionally viewed as inert adsorbents for sequestering contaminants from the aqueous phase or providing surfaces for microbes to *** this account,we reviewed the recently discovered reactivity of PCM in promoting both chemical and microbial synergies that are important in pollutant transformation,biogeochemical processes of redox-active elements,and climate change mitigation with respect to the interaction between biochar and nitrous oxide(N2O).Moreover,we focused on our group's work in the PCM-enhanced abiotic transformation of nitrogenous and halogenated pollutants and conducted in-depth analysis of the reaction *** understand what properties of PCM confer its reactivity,our group pioneered the use of PCM-like polymers,namely conjugated microporous polymers(CMPs),to mimic the performance of *** approach allows for the controlled incorporation of specific surface properties(e.g.,quinones)into the polymer network during the polymer *** a result,the relationship between specific characteristics of PCM and its reactivity in facilitating the decay of a model pollutant was systematically studied in our group's *** findings summarized in this account help us to better understand an overlooked environmental process where PCM synergistically interacts with various environmental reagents such as hydrogen sulfide and ***,the knowledge gained in these studies could inform the design of a new generation of reactive carbonaceous materials with tailored properties that are highly efficient in contaminant removal.

关键词： Pyrogenic carbonaceous matter Conjugated microporous polymer Remediation Biochar Hydrolysis Pollutant degradation

Groups with One or Two Super-Brauer Character Theories

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2020年第4期36卷 379-394页

作者： Xiao You CHEN mark llEWIS College of Science Henan University of TechnologyZhengzhou 450001P.R.China Department of Mathematical Sciences Kent State UniversityKent 44242USA

A super-Brauer character theory of a group G and a prime p is a pair consisting of a partition of the irreducible p-Brauer characters and a partition of the p-regular elements of G that satisfy certain *** classify the groups and primes that have exactly one super-Brauer character *** discuss the groups with exactly two super-Brauer character theories.

关键词： Super character theory super-Brauer character theory Brauer characters

To Die or Not to Die： Zhuangzi＇s Three Immortalities

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2015年第3期10卷 380-414页

作者： mark l. Farrugia Department of Philosophy Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

While it is known that the problem of death is a central topic animating the author/s of the Inner Chapters of the Zhuangzi, leading Chinese and Western interpretations of this Chinese classic have usually focused much more on other themes and aspects. Even more problematic in the author＇s view is the fact that the Zhuangzi has been closely associated with one death philosophy, the set of concepts, arguments and figures present in chapter 6. This study puts death back at the very center of the Zhuangzian philosophical project yet insisting at the same time on the difficulties of defending one philosophy of death since different passages introduce new concepts, imagery, nuances and perspectives. The Zhuangzi＇s focus on death is being situated within a discussion of the ＂immortality＂ ideal--accepting a total death （＂to die＂） or find refuge in immortality ideals （＂not to die＂）. Different passages from the Inner Chapters are being presented as proposing three distinct immortality projects or strategies--personal, social and cosmic--to address the problem of death. E. Becker＇s reflections on the challenge of mortality and the psychological need of a ＂beyond＂ in order to cope with the consciousness of death provide the basic theoretical framework underlying the discussion of the Zhuangzi in this essay.

关键词： Zhuangzi Inner Chapters death personal immortality socialimmortality cosmic immortality