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Gestational heat stress alters skeletal muscle gene expression profiles and vascularity in fetal pigs in a sexually dimorphic manner

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第6期13卷 1785-1798页

作者： Weicheng Zhao mark P.Green Christina d.Marth Fan Liu Hieu H.Le Gordon S.Lynch Alan W.Bell Brian J.Leury Frank R.dunshea Jeremy J.Cottrell School of Agriculture and Food Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia School of BioSciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia Melbourne Veterinary School Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneWerribeeVIC 3030Australia Rivalea Australia Pty Ltd CorowaNSW 2646Australia Centre for Muscle Research Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyThe University of MelbourneParkville 3010Australia department of Animal Science Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853-4801USA Faculty of Biological Sciences The University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK

Background: There is evidence that sow heat stress(HS) during gestation affects fetal development with implications for impaired muscle growth. We have previously demonstrated that maternal HS during early to midgestation compromised muscle fibre hyperplasia in developing fetal pigs. Thus, we hypothesised these phenotypic changes are associated with a change in expression of genes regulating fetal skeletal muscle development and metabolism. To test this, at d 60 of gestation, RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry were performed on fetal longissimus dorsi(Ld) muscle biopsies collected from pregnant gilts that had experienced either thermoneutral control(CON, 20 ℃, n = 7 gilts, 18 Ld samples) or controlled HS(cyclic 28 to 33 ℃, n = 8 gilts, 23 Ld samples)conditions for 3 ***: A total of 282 genes were differentially expressed between the HS and CON groups in female Ld muscles(false discovery rate(FdR) ≤ 0.05), whereas no differentially expressed genes were detected in male Ld muscles between the two groups(FdR > 0.05). Gestational HS increased the expression of genes associated with transcription corepressor activity, adipogenesis cascades, negative regulation of angiogenesis and pro-inflammatory signalling in female Ld muscles. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed a decreased muscle vascularity density in fetuses from HS group for both sexes compared to those from the CON group(P = 0.004).Conclusions: These results reveal gilt HS during early to mid-gestation altered gene expression profiles in fetal Ld muscles in a sexually dimorphic manner. The molecular responses, including transcription and angiogenesis repressions and enhanced adipogenesis cascades, were exclusively observed in females. However, the associated reductions in muscle vascularity were observed independently of sexes. Collectively this may indicate female fetal pigs are more adaptive to gestational HS in terms of gene expression changes, and/or there may be sexually dimorphic differences

关键词： Adipogenesis Angiogenesis Fetal pig Gestation Heat stress Sexual dimorphism Skeletal muscle Sows

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Heterozygous carriers of galactocerebrosidase mutations that cause Krabbe disease have impaired microglial function and defective repair of myelin damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第3期13卷 393-401页

作者： Nicole J.Scott-Hewitt Christopher J.Folts mark d.Noble department of Biomedical Genetics University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry

This review addresses two puzzling findings related to mutations in galactocerebrosidase （GALC） that cause Krabbe disease （Kd）, a severe lysosomal storage disorder characterized by extensive myelin damage in children with mutations in both GALC alleles. First, heterozygous carriers of Kd-causing mutations, which include the biological parents of children with Kd, exhibit increased risk for developing other diseases. Second, variants in the GALC locus increase the risk of developing multiple sclerosis （MS）, another disease characterized by extensive myelin damage. What explains these correlations？ In studies on cuprizone-induced myelin damage in heterozygous （GALC＋/–） mice carrying one copy of a mutation that causes Kd-like disease, the extent of damage was similar in GALC＋/– and wild-type （WT） mice. In contrast, GALC＋/- mice had striking defects in repair of cuprizone-induced damage. We further found unexpected microglial defects in myelin debris clearance and in the ability to up-regulate the Trem2 microglial protein critical for debris uptake. These defects were rescued by exposure to a lysosomal re-acidifying drug discovered in our studies on Kd, and which provides multiple clinically relevant benefits in the twitcher （GALC＋/–） mouse model of Kd. Thus, heterozygous GALC mutations cause effects on biological function that may help to understand the increased disease risk in heterozygous carriers of such mutations and to understand why GALC variations increase the risk of MS. Our findings indicate that while some genetic risk factors may contribute to complex diseases by increasing the risk of tissue damage, others may do so by compromising tissue repair.

关键词： vulnerability locus multiple sclerosis Krabbe disease galactocerebrosidase microglia myelin repair lysosomal storage disorders heterozygous carriers Trem2 demyelination

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Advances in diagnosis, treatment and palliation of pancreatic carcinoma: 1990-2010

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第7期17卷 867-897页

作者： Chakshu Sharma Karim M Eltawil Paul d Renfrew mark J Walsh Michele Molinari department of Surgery Queen Eliz-abeth Ⅱ Health Sciences Center Dalhousie University

Several advances in genetics, diagnosis and palliation of pancreatic cancer (PC) have occurred in the last decades. A multidisciplinary approach to this disease is therefore recommended. PC is relatively common as it is the fourth leading cause of cancer related mortality. Most patients present with obstructive jaundice, epigastric or back pain, weight loss and anorexia. despite improvements in diagnostic modalities, the majority of cases are still detected in advanced stages. The only curative treatment for PC remains surgical resection. No more than 20% of patients are candidates for surgery at the time of diagnosis and survival remains quite poor as adjuvant therapies are not very effective. A small percentage of patients with borderline non-resectable PC might benefit from neo-adjuvant chemoradiation therapy enabling them to undergo resection; however, randomized controlled studies are needed to prove the benefits of this strategy. Patients with unresectable PC benefit from palliative interventions such as biliary decompression and celiac plexus block. Further clinical trials to evaluate new chemo and radiation protocols as well as identification of genetic markers for PC are needed to improve the overall survival of patients affected by PC, as the current overall 5-year survival rate of patients affected by PC is still less than 5%. The aim of this article is to review the most recent high quality literature on this topic.

关键词：辅助治疗诊断方法胰腺癌手术切除生存时间临床试验标记鉴定遗传学

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The International Commission on the History of Geological Sciences （INHIGEO） Symposium on History of Geophysics

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Episodes 2006年第1期29卷 56-58页

作者： Mike Johnston, nelson NEW ZEALANd

The 30th INHIGEO Symposium, with its theme the ‘History of Geophysics’, was held in the Czech Republic from 2-12 July 2005and attracted 42 participants from 18 countries.

关键词：地质科学捷克古生代地质工作第三纪

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Exploring and machine learning structural instabilities in 2d materials

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 2016-2025页

作者： Simone Manti mark Kamper Svendsen Nikolaj R.Knøsgaard Peder M.Lyngby Kristian S.Thygesen CAMd Computational Atomic-Scale Materials DesignDepartment of PhysicsTechnical University of Denmark2800 Kgs.LyngbyDenmark Center for Nanostructured Graphene(CNG) Department of PhysicsTechnical University of DenmarkDK-2800 Kongens LyngbyDenmark

We address the problem of predicting the zero-temperature dynamical stability (dS) of a periodic crystal without computing its fullphonon band structure. Here we report the evidence that dS can be inferred with good reliability from the phonon frequencies atthe center and boundary of the Brillouin zone (BZ). This analysis represents a validation of the dS test employed by theComputational 2d Materials database (C2dB). For 137 dynamically unstable 2d crystals, we displace the atoms along an unstablemode and relax the structure. This procedure yields a dynamically stable crystal in 49 cases. The elementary properties of these newstructures are characterized using the C2dB workflow, and it is found that their properties can differ significantly from those of theoriginal unstable crystals, e.g., band gaps are opened by 0.3 eV on average. All the crystal structures and properties are available inthe C2dB. Finally, we train a classification model on the dS data for 3295 2d materials in the C2dB using a representation encodingthe electronic structure of the crystal. We obtain an excellent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with an area under thecurve (AUC) of 0.90, showing that the classification model can drastically reduce computational efforts in high-throughput studies.

关键词： structure unstable structural

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A novel technique using hydrophilic polymers to promote axonal fusion

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第4期11卷 525-528页

作者： Ravinder Bamba d.Colton Riley Nathaniel d.Kelm mark d.does Richard d.dortch Wesley P.Thayer department of Plastic Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA department of Surgery Georgetown University Washington DC USA Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington DC USA Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science Nashville TN USA department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA

The management of traumatic peripheral nerve injury remains a considerable concern for *** minimal innovations in surgical technique and a limited number of specialists trained to treat peripheral nerve injury,outcomes of surgical intervention have been *** inability to manipulate the pathophysiology of nerve injury（i.e.,Wallerian degeneration） has left scientists and clinicians depending on the slow and lengthy process of axonal regeneration（-1 mm/day）.When axons are severed,the endings undergo calcium-mediated plasmalemmal sealing,which limits the ability of the axon to be primarily *** glycol（PEG） in combination with a bioengineered process overcomes the inability to fuse *** mechanism for PEG axonal fusion is not clearly understood,but multiple studies have shown that a providing a calcium-free environment is essential to the process known as PEG *** proposed mechanism is PEG-induced lipid bilayer fusion by removing the hydration barrier surrounding the axolemma and reducing the activation energy required for membrane fusion to *** review highlights PEG fusion,its past and current studies,and future directions in PEG fusion.

关键词： peripheral nerve injury polyethylene glycol axonal fusion nerve transection traumatic neuropathy

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Hemopneumothorax detection through the process of artificial evolution-a feasibility study

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Military Medical Research 2022年第1期9卷 12-20页

作者： Adir Sommer Noy markGavriel d.Kohlberg Rafi Gerasi Linn Wagnert Avraham Ruth Fan-marko Arik Eisenkraft dean Nachman The Medical Corps Israel Defense Forces(IDF)Tel Hashomer5262000 Ramat GanIsrael department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA The Institute for Research in Military Medicine the Faculty of Medicinethe Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the IDF Medical Corps9112102 JerusalemIsrael The Hebrew University School of Medicine 9112102 JerusalemIsrael department of Medicine Hadassah Medical Center9112102 JerusalemIsrael.

Background:Tension pneumothorax is one of the leading causes of preventable death on the *** prehospital diagnosis relies on a subjective clinical impression complemented by a manual thoracic and respiratory *** techniques are not fully applicable in field conditions and on the battlefield,where situational and environmental factors may impair clinical *** aimed to assemble a device able to sample,analyze,and classify the unique acoustic signatures of pneumothorax and ***:Acoustic data was obtained with simultaneous use of two sensitive digital stethoscopes from the chest wall of an ex-vivo porcine *** second samples of acoustic data were obtained from the in-house assembled digital stethoscope system during mechanical *** thoracic cavity was injected with increasing volumes of 200,400,600,800,and 1000 ml of air or saline to simulate pneumothorax and hemothorax,*** data was analyzed using a multi-objective genetic algorithm that was used to develop an optimal mathematical detector through the process of artificial evolution,a cutting-edge approach in the artificial intelligence ***:The in-house assembled dual digital stethoscope system and developed genetic algorithm achieved an accuracy,sensitivity and specificity ranging from 64%to 100%,63%to 100%,and 63%to 100%,respectively,in classifying acoustic signal as associated with pneumothorax or hemothorax at fluid injection levels of 400 ml or more,and regardless of background ***:We present a novel,objective device for rapid diagnosis of potentially lethal thoracic *** further optimization,such a device could provide real-time detection and monitoring of pneumothorax and hemothorax in battlefield conditions.

关键词： Pneumothorax Hemothorax Trauma Battlefield Artificial evolution Machine learning

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Numerical evaluation on sub-Nyquist spectrum reconstruction methods

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2023年第6期17卷 199-201页

作者： Zihang SONG Han ZHANG Sean FULLER Andrew LAMBERT Zhinong YING Petri MAHONEN Yonina ELdAR Shuguang CUI mark dPLUMBLEY Clive PARINI Arumugam NALLANATHAN Yue GAO department of Engineering King’s College LondonStrandLondon WC2R 2LSUK School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering University of SurreyGuildfordSurrey GU27XHUK National Instruments Corporation(UK)Ltd. NewburyBerkshire RG142PZUK Electronic Media Services Ltd. BordonHampshire GU350FJUK Sony Research Center Sony CorporationLund 22188Sweden Institute for Networked Systems RWTH Aachen UniversityKackertstrasseAachen 52072Germany Faculty of Math&CS Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen 518172China School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E14NSUK School of Computer Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

1 Introduction As wireless technology continues to expand,there is a growing concern about the efficient use of spectrum *** though a significant portion of the spectrum is allocated to licensed primary users(PUs),studies indicate that their actual utilization is often limited to between 5%to 10%[1].The underutilization of spectrum has given rise to cognitive radio(CR)technology,which allows secondary users(SUs)to opportunistically access these underused resources[2].However,wideband spectrum sensing,the key of CR,is limited by the need for high-speed analog-to-digital converters(AdCs),which are costly and *** spectrum sensing(CSS)addresses this challenge by employing sub-Nyquist rate *** efficiency of active transmission detection heavily depends on the quality of spectrum reconstruction.

关键词： spectrum continue Nyquist

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Vitamin A administration at birth promotes calf growth and intramuscular fat development in Angus beef cattle

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 991-999页

作者： Corrine L.Harris Bo Wang Jeneane M.deavila Jan R.Busboom Martin Maquivar Steven M.Parish Brent McCann mark L.nelson Min du department of Animal Sciences Washington State University State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University

Background: Marbling, or intramuscular fat, is an important factor contributing to the palatability of beef. Vitamin A, through its active metabolite, retinoic acid, promotes the formation of new fat cells(adipogenesis). As intramuscular adipogenesis is active during the neonatal stage, we hypothesized that vitamin A administration during the neonatal stage would enhance intramuscular adipogenesis and ***: Angus steer calves(n = 30), in a completely randomized design, were randomly allotted to three treatment groups at birth, receiving 0, 150,000, or 300,000 IU of vitamin A at both birth and one month of age.A biopsy of the biceps femoris muscle was collected at two months of age. After weaning at 210 d of age, steers were fed a backgrounding diet in a feedlot until 308 d of age, when they were transitioned to a high concentrate finishing diet and implanted with trenbolone/estradiol/tylosin mixture. Steers were harvested at an average of 438 d of age. All diets were formulated to meet nutrient ***: Weaning weight and weight during the backgrounding phase were linearly increased(P difference in body weight was observed at harvest. Intramuscular fat of steers at 308 d of age, measured by ultrasound, quadratically increased(P dratically increased(P dministration of vitamin A at birth increased weaning weight and enhanced marbling fat ***, vitamin A administration provides a practical method for increasing marbling and early growth of beef cattle.

关键词： Beef Calf Cattle Marbling fat Quality Vitamin A

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Comparative study on heat transfer enhancement of metal foam and fins in a shell-and-tube latent heat thermal energy storage unit

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Energy Storage and Saving 2023年第3期2卷 487-494页

作者： Shuai Zhang Ziyuan Li Yuying Yan mark Alston Limei Tian Faculty of Engineering University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG72RDUK Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering(Ministry of Education) Jilin UniversityChangchun130022China

Metal foam and fins are two popular structures that are employed to enhance the heat transfer of phase change materials in shell-and-tube heat storage ***,it remains unclear which structure is better in terms of energy storage *** this study,the heat transfer enhancement performances of metal foam and fins are compared to provide guidance on the optimal structure to be chosen for practical *** fin structures(four fins,two vertical fins,and two horizontal fins)are *** the full configuration(volume fraction of metal=3%),the unit with four fins was found to have a faster melting rate than those with vertical or horizontal *** other words,increasing the number of fins helps to accelerate the melting ***,the unit with metal foam enhancement has the highest melting *** the half configuration(volume fraction of metal=1.5%),the melting rate of the unit enhanced by metal foam is significantly decreased,whereas there is no remarkable changes in the units enhanced by ***,metal foam is still shown to be the best thermal *** energy storage rate of the unit enhanced by metal foam can be up to 10 times higher than that of the unit enhanced by fins.

关键词： Comparative study Metal foam and fin Thermal energy storage Shell-and-tube heat storage unit Melting front

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