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Optimizing laser coupling,matter heating,and particle acceleration from solids using multiplexed ultraintense lasers

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 16-28页

作者： Weipeng Yao Motoaki nakatsutsumi Sébastien Buffechoux Patrizio Antici Marco Borghesi Andrea Ciardi Sophia n.Chen Emmanuel d’Humières Laurent Gremillet Robert Heathcote Vojtech Horny Paul McKenna mark n.Quinn Lorenzo Romagnani Ryan Royle Gianluca Sarri Yasuhiko Sentoku Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt Toma Toncian Olivier Tresca Laura Vassura Oswald Willi Julien Fuchs LULI-CnRS CEASorbonne UniversitéEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance Sorbonne Université Observatoire de ParisUniversité PSLCNRSLERMAF-75005 ParisFrance InRS-EMT 1650 BoulLionel-BouletVarennesQuebec J3X 1S2Canada Center for Plasma Physics School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom “Horia Hulubei”national Institute for Physics and nuclear Engineering 30 Reactorului StreetRO-077125 Bucharest-MagureleRomania University of Bordeaux Centre Lasers Intenses et ApplicationsCNRSCEAUMR 5107F-33405 TalenceFrance CEA DAMDIFF-91297 ArpajonFrance Université Paris-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited Kingdom SUPA Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUnited Kingdom department of Physics University of NevadaRenoNevada 89557USA Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University2-6 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Institut fur Laser und Plasmaphysik Heinrich Heine Universitat DusseldorfDusseldorfGermany

Realizing the full potential of ultrahigh-intensity lasers for particle and radiation generation will require multi-beam arrangements due to technology ***,we investigate how to optimize their coupling with solid ***,we show that overlapping two intense lasers in a mirror-like configuration onto a solid with a large preplasma can greatly improve the generation of hot electrons at the target front and ion acceleration at the target *** underlying mechanisms are analyzed through multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations,revealing that the self-induced magnetic fields driven by the two laser beams at the target front are susceptible to reconnection,which is one possible mechanism to boost electron *** addition,the resistive magnetic field generated during the transport of the hot electrons in the target bulk tends to improve their *** simulations also indicate that such effects can be further enhanced by overlapping more than two laser beams.

关键词： laser acceleration particle

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does a large prostate size,small lesion volume,or long needle distance from the probe to the lesion reduce magnetic resonance imaging–targeted cancer detection?

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Current Urology 2024年第2期18卷 144-147页

作者： mark d.Bevill Justin n.drobish Kevin J.Flynn Maheen Rajput Catherine Metz Chad R.Tracy Paul T.Gellhaus department of Urology University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA department of Radiology University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA

Background:We aimed to evaluate whether large prostate size,small lesion volume,or long lesion distance from the ultrasound probe tip would decrease cancer detection in transrectal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)–targeted *** and methods:Patients who underwent MRI-targeted biopsy at our institution between May 2017 and August 2019 were enrolled in a prospective *** to 5 cores were obtained from≥2 prostate imaging reporting and data system v2 lesions.A multivariable model was created that included needle distance to the lesion,prostate specific antigen,prostate imaging reporting and data system,lesion volume,and prostate ***:A total of 377 patients with 533 lesions underwent a biopsy during the study period.A total of 233(44%)lesions were positive for prostate cancer,and 173(32%)lesions had clinically significant prostate *** mean needle distance to the lesion was 11.7mm(interquartile range,7.6–15.5mm).The likelihood of obtaining a positive core on biopsy decreased as the distance fromthe ultrasound probe increased for all prostate cancers and clinically significant prostate cancer(p=0.018 and p=0.004,respectively).Every 10mmfrom the rectum,there was an 8%–10%decrease in the rate of cancer ***,as the prostate volume increased,the odds of obtaining a positive core also decreased(p=0.039).There was no significant association between the lesion size and amount of cancer obtained on ***:Our data showed that transrectal MRI-targeted biopsy cancer detection modestly decreased the lesion from the ultrasound probe and with a large prostate volume but could not prove that lesion volume was a significant predictor of the amount of cancer detected.

关键词： Prostate cancer Biopsy Magnetic resonance imaging

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A novel diagnostic gene region for distinguishing between two pest fruit flies:Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt)and Bactrocera neohumeralis(Hardy)(diptera:Tephritidae)

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1285-1295页

作者： Melissa L.Starkie Elizabeth V.Fowler Alexander M.Piper Xiaocheng Zhu Pauline Wyatt david Gopurenko Matt n.Krosch Francesca Strutt Karen F.Armstrong Hamish Patrick mark K.Schutze mark J.Blacket department of Agriculture and Fisheries BiosecurityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Agriculture Victoria AgriBioBundooraVictoriaAustralia department of Primary Industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural InstituteWagga WaggaNew South WalesAustralia Forensic Services Group Queensland Police ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia department of Pest-management and Conservation Lincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand Better Border Biosecurity(B3 B3nz.org.nz)LincolnNew Zealand

Bactrocera tryoni and Bactrocera neohumeralis are morphologically similar sibling pest fruit fly species that possess different biological attributes,geographic distributions,and host *** need to differentiate between the two species is critical for accurate pest status assessment,management,biosecurity,and maintenance of reference *** morphologically similar,adults may be separated based on subtle characters;however,some characters exhibit intraspecific variability,creating overlap between the two ***,there is currently no single molecular marker or rapid diagnostic assay that can reliably distinguish between *** and ***;therefore,ambiguous samples remain *** we report the first molecular marker that can consistently distinguish between *** and *** diagnostic region consists of two adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms(SnPs)within the pangolin(pan)gene *** confirmed the genotypes of each species are consistent across their distributional range,then developed a tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS)PCR assay for rapid diagnosis of the *** assay utilizes four primers in multiplex,with two outer universal primers,and two internal primers:one designed to target two adjacent SnPs(AA)present in *** and the other targeting adjacent SnPs present in ***(GG).The assay accurately discriminates between the two species,but their SnP genotypes are shared with other nontarget tephritid fruit fly ***,this assay is most suited to adult diagnostics where species confirmation is necessary in determining ambiguous surveillance trap catches;maintaining pure colony lines;and in Sterile Insect Technique management responses.

关键词： ARMS-PCR colony molecular diagnostics pangolin tetra-primer

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Old-growth mixed dipterocarp forests show variable losses and gains in aboveground biomass and standing carbon over forty years

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 14-23页

作者： Sisira Ediriweera Champika Bandara Tithira Lakkana Shanika Jayasinghe david Woodbury Arun dayanandan B.M.P.Singhakumara Xiangcheng Mi I.A.U.n.Gunatilleke C.V.S.Gunatilleke mark SAshton department of Science and Technology Uva Wellassa UniversityBadullaSri Lanka The Forest School Yale School of the EnvironmentYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA department of Forestry and Environmental Science University of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China Botany department University of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka

Background:no studies have documented long-term trends in aboveground biomass(AGB)for mixed-dipterocarp forests(MdF),the dominant rain forest type in tropical wet equatorial *** our study,we sought to document such trends over forty years across three sites representing lowland to lower montane ***:To do this,we established fifty 100 m×25 m plots in 1978 across three sites sampled along an elevation gradient,identified as mature old-growth *** measured trees for diameter at breast height that we identified to species and *** took wood samples to calculate species wood-specific *** re-measured plots in 1998 and again in ***:We show standing AGB for all sites combined to be 517.52 Mg·ha^(-1)in 1978,but this declined by 17%over 40 years to 430.11 Mg·ha^(-1).no differences exist among sites in AGB primarily because of considerable within site variation;but interactions of time with site show declines across sites were not uniform,one remained about the *** few species represented a high proportion of the AGB with the top five species comprising between 34%and 65%,depending upon site and year *** species,Mesua nagassarium,represented a disproportionately large amount of AGB and decline over time,particularly at the low elevation ***:Our results are directly relevant to estimating AGB and standing carbon sequestered in *** study is the first to demonstrate varying but overall,declining trends in amounts of AGB among forests making predictions of biomass and standing carbon in MdF difficult over wide regions.

关键词： Western ghats Shorea spp. Southeast Asia Sri Lanka Tropical rain forest Wood specific gravity

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The efficacy of vitamin E in preventing arthrofibrosis after joint replacement

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2024年第2期7卷 145-155页

作者： Yingfang Fan Jean Yuh Sashank Lekkala Mehmet d.Asik Andrew Thomson Madeline McCanne mark A.Randolph Antonia F.Chen Ebru Oral Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA department of Orthopaedic Surgery Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA department of Surgery Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA department of Orthopaedic Surgery Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA

Background:Arthrofibrosis is a joint disorder characterized by excessive scar formation in the joint *** E is an antioxidant with potential anti-fibroblastic *** aim of this study was to establish an arthrofibrosis rat model after joint replacement and assess the effects of vitamin E supplementation on joint ***:We simulated knee replacement in 16 male Sprague–dawley *** immobilized the surgical leg with a suture in full *** control groups were killed at 2 and 12 weeks(n=5 per group),and the test group was supplemented daily with vitamin E(0.2 mg/mL)in their drinking water for 12 weeks(n=6).We performed histological staining to investigate the presence and severity of *** staining andα2-macroglobulin(α2M)enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)were used to assess local and systemic *** weight bearing(total internal reflection)and range of motion(ROM)were collected for functional ***:The ROM and weight-bearing symmetry decreased after the procedure and recovered slowly with still significant deficit at the end of the study for both *** analysis confirmed fibrosis in both lateral and posterior periarticular *** E supplementation showed a moderate anti-inflammatory effect on the local and systemic *** vitamin E group exhibited significant improvement in ROM and weight-bearing symmetry at day 84 compared to the control ***:This model is viable for simulating arthrofibrosis after joint *** E may benefit postsurgical arthrofibrosis,and further studies are needed for dosing requirements.

关键词： arthrofibrosis range of motion total knee arthroplasty vitamin E

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Exploring a targeted approach for public health capacity restrictions during COVId-19 using a new computational model

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Infectious disease Modelling 2024年第1期9卷 234-244页

作者： Ashley n.Micuda mark R.Anderson Irina Babayan Erin Bolger Logan Cantin Gillian Groth Ry Pressman-Cyna Charlotte Z.Reed noah J.Rowe Mehdi Shafiee Benjamin Tam Marie C.Vidal Tianai Ye Ryan d.Martin department of Physics Engineering Physics&AstronomyQueen's UniversityKingstonONCanada department of Medical Biophysics Western UniversityLondonONCanada department of Mathematics and Statistics Queen's UniversityKingstonONCanada department of Biology Queen's UniversityKingstonONCanada department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Nazarbayev UniversityNur-SultanKazakhstan Energetic Cosmos Laboratory Nazarbayev UniversityNur-SultanKazakhstan School of Computing Queen's UniversityKingstonONCanada department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences Queen's UniversityKingstonONCanada department of Physics University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom department of Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUnited States

This work introduces the Queen's University Agent-Based Outbreak Outcome Model(QUABOOM).This tool is an agent-based Monte Carlo simulation for modelling epidemics and informing public health *** illustrate the use of the model by examining capacity restrictions during a *** find that public health measures should focus on the few locations where many people interact,such as grocery stores,rather than the many locations where few people interact,such as small *** also discuss a case where the results of the simulation can be scaled to larger population sizes,thereby improving computational efficiency.

关键词： Monte-carlo Agent-based epidemic modelling COVId-19 Small business capacity restrictions Public health Basic reproductive number

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Liver Characterization of a Cohort of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin deficiency Patients with and without Lung disease

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2024年第10期12卷 845-856页

作者： naweed Mohammad Regina Oshins Tongjun Gu Virginia Clark Jorge Lascano naziheh Assarzadegan George Marek mark Brantly nazli Khodayari division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineCollege of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research Bioinformatics CoreUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionCollege of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA division of Pathology Immunologyand Laboratory MedicineCollege of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA

Background and Aims:Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency(AATd)is a genetic disorder characterized by the misfolding and accumulation of the mutant variant of alpha-1 antitrypsin(AAT)within hepatocytes,which limits its access to the circulation and exposes the lungs to protease-mediated tissue *** results in progressive liver disease secondary to AAT polymerization and accumulation,and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPd)due to deficient levels of AAT within the *** goal was to characterize the unique effects of COPd secondary to AATd on liver disease and gene ***:A subcohort of AATd individuals with COPd(n=33)and AATd individuals without COPd(n=14)were evaluated in this study from our previously reported cross-sectional *** used immunohistochemistry to assess the AATd liver phenotype,and RnA sequencing to explore liver *** observed a distinct transcriptomic profile in liver tissues from AATd individuals with COPd compared to those ***:A total of 339 genes were differentially *** pathways related to fibrosis,extracellular matrix remodeling,collagen deposition,hepatocellular damage,and inflammation were significantly upregulated in the livers of AATd individuals with *** analysis also revealed higher levels of fibrosis and hepatocellular damage in these ***:Our data supports a relationship between the development of COPd and liver disease in AATd and introduces genes and pathways that may play a role in AATd liver disease when COPd is *** believe addressing lung impairment and airway inflammation may be an approach to managing AATd-related liver disease.

关键词： Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Liver fibrosis Liver biopsy Liver histology Transcriptomics

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A Simulation of the dependence of Tidal Interaction on Galaxy Type in Compact Groups

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第2期14卷 85-100页

作者： mark J. Henriksen Mateo Mejia department of Physics University of Maryland Baltimore USA

We have investigated the role that different galaxy types have in galaxy-galaxy interactions in compact groups. n-body simulations of 6 galaxies consisting of a differing mixture of galaxy types were run to compare the relative importance of galaxy population demographic on evolution. Three different groups with differing galaxy content were tested: all spiral, a single elliptical and 50% elliptical. Tidal interaction strength and duration were recorded to assess the importance of an interaction. A group with an equal number of spiral and elliptical galaxies has some of the longest and strongest interactions with elliptical-elliptical interactions being most significant. These elliptical-elliptical interactions are not dominated by a single large event but consist of multiple interactions. Elliptical galaxies tidally interacting with spiral galaxies, have the next strongest interaction events. For the case when a group only has a single elliptical, the largest magnitude tidal interaction is an elliptical on a spiral. Spirals interact with each other through many small interactions. For a spiral only group, the interactions are the weakest compared to the other group types. These spiral interactions are not dominated by any singular event that might be expected to lead to a merger but are more of an ongoing harassment. These results suggest that within a compact group, early type galaxies will not form via merger out of an assemblage of spiral galaxies but rather that compact groups, in effect form around an early type galaxy.

关键词： Galaxy Groups Galaxy Clusters Galaxy Evolution n-Body Simulations

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基于丙烯酸-n-琥珀酰亚胺酯共聚物交联剂的壳聚糖水凝胶的生物相容性研究

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材料导报 2024年第12期38卷 234-243页

作者：杨水艳盛扬孙一新蔡仁钦 mark Bradley 张嵘常州大学材料科学与工程学院江苏常州213164 大博医疗科技有限公司基础研究院福建厦门361026 英国爱丁堡大学化学学院英国爱丁堡EH93JJ

壳聚糖作为一种天然的氨基多糖,拥有良好的生物相容性和资源可再生性,但是较差的力学性能限制了其更广泛的应用。本研究以丙烯酸、n-乙烯基吡咯烷酮和丙烯酸-n-琥珀酰亚胺酯为单体聚合得到三元共聚物大分子交联剂,然后将其与壳聚糖溶液... 详细信息

壳聚糖作为一种天然的氨基多糖,拥有良好的生物相容性和资源可再生性,但是较差的力学性能限制了其更广泛的应用。本研究以丙烯酸、n-乙烯基吡咯烷酮和丙烯酸-n-琥珀酰亚胺酯为单体聚合得到三元共聚物大分子交联剂,然后将其与壳聚糖溶液混合后制备壳聚糖水凝胶。采用红外、热重、SEM等对合成的聚合物及壳聚糖凝胶的组成、形貌和热稳定性进行了表征。结果表明,丙烯酸-n-琥珀酰亚胺酯共聚物的数均分子量为111900,具有一定的水溶性,与壳聚糖形成的水凝胶有良好的力学性能、溶胀性能和水蒸气渗透速率。在PBS(pH=7.4)中交联的凝胶膜与酸性条件下制备的凝胶膜相比,热分解温度提高,水接触角变大,力学性能得到较大提升。细胞毒性实验表明壳聚糖凝胶有良好的生物相容性,人脂肪干细胞在壳聚糖凝胶膜上会形成细胞簇并分泌外泌体。将壳聚糖凝胶膜覆盖在脂肪干细胞上,细胞能正常生长并分泌外泌体。因此,壳聚糖凝胶具有负载外泌体后应用于皮肤敷料的潜力。

关键词：壳聚糖丙烯酸-n-琥珀酰亚胺酯水凝胶外泌体

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Public health importance of light intensity physical activity

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 674-675页

作者： Robert Ross Ian Janssen mark S.Tremblay School of Kinesiology and Health Studies Queen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada School of Medicine Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismQueen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada department of Pediatrics University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada

*** intensity physical activity(PA)benefits health PA guidelines worldwide recommend that adults accumulate 150 min of moderate intensity or 75 min of vigorous intensity PA(moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA))weekly to achieve health benefits.1-3 Absent from these guidelines are recommendations for light intensity PA(LPA,e.g.,walking at a leisurely pace of 3 km/h or less,equivalent to 1.5-2.9 metabolic equivalents).

关键词： intensity light benefits

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