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Kinetic scale magnetic holes in the terrestrial magnetosheath:A review

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2739-2771页

作者： Quanqi SHI Shutao YAO maria HAmRIN Ji LIU Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space SciencesShandong UniversityWeihai 264209China Department of Physics UmeåUniversityUmeå90746Sweden Department of Physics University of AlbertaEdmonton T6K 2P6Canada

magnetic holes at the ion-to-electron kinetic scale(KSmHs)are one of the extremely small intermittent structures generated in turbulent magnetized *** recent years,the explorations of KSmHs have made substantial strides,driven by the ultra-high-precision observational data gathered from the magnetospheric multiscale(mmS)*** review paper summarizes the up-to-date characteristics of the KSmHs observed in Earth’s turbulent magnetosheath,as well as their potential impacts on space *** review starts by introducing the fundamental properties of the KSmHs,including observational features,particle behaviors,scales,geometries,and distributions in terrestrial *** have discovered that KSmHs display a quasi-circular electron vortex-like structure attributed to electron diamagnetic *** electrons exhibit noticeable non-gyrotropy and undergo *** occurrence rate of KSmH in the Earth’s magnetosheath is significantly greater than in the solar wind and magnetotail,suggesting the turbulent magnetosheath is a primary source ***,KSmHs have also been generated in turbulence simulations and successfully reproduced by the kinetic equilibrium ***,KSmHs have demonstrated their ability to accelerate electrons by a novel non-adiabatic electron acceleration mechanism,serve as an additional avenue for energy dissipation during magnetic reconnection,and generate diverse wave phenomena,including whistler waves,electrostatic solitary waves,and electron cyclotron waves in space *** results highlight the magnetic hole’s impact such as wave-particle interaction,energy cascade/dissipation,and particle acceleration/heating in space *** end this paper by summarizing these discoveries,discussing the generation mechanism,similar structures,and observations in the Earth’s magnetotail and solar wind,and presenting a future extension perspective in this active field.

关键词： magnetic hole magnetic dip/cavity Electron vortex magnetosheath Turbulence Coherent structure mirror mode Kinetic scale Electron acceleration Whistler

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Transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast differentiation identifies regulators of osteoclast activity

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 180-198页

作者： morten S.Hansen Kaja madsen maria Price Kent Søe Yasunori Omata mario m.Zaiss Caroline m.Gorvin morten Frost Alexander Rauch molecular Endocrinology Laboratory(KmEB) Department of EndocrinologyOdense University HospitalDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Department of Clinical Research Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Clinical Cell Biology Pathology Research UnitDepartment of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Institute of metabolism and Systems Research(ImSR)and Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism(CEDAM)University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK Centre for membrane Proteins and Receptors(COmPARE) Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamBirmingham B152TTUK Department of molecular medicine University of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Department of Orthopedic Surgery Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-8655Japan Department of Internal medicine 3 Rheumatology and ImmunologyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenD-91054 ErlangenGermany Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie(DZI) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenD-91054 ErlangenGermany Steno Diabetes Center Odense Odense University HospitalDK-5000 Odense CDenmark

Enhanced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity contribute to the development of osteoporosis,which is characterized by increased bone resorption and inadequate bone *** novel antiosteoporotic therapeutics are needed,understanding the genetic regulation of human osteoclastogenesis could help identify potential treatment *** study aimed to provide an overview of transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast *** were differentiated from CD14+monocytes from eight female *** sequencing during differentiation revealed 8980 differentially expressed genes grouped into eight temporal patterns conserved across *** patterns revealed distinct molecular functions associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis susceptibility genes based on RNA from iliac crest biopsies and bone mineral density *** analyses revealed mutual dependencies between temporal expression patterns and provided insight into subtype-specific transcriptional *** donor-specific expression patterns revealed genes at the monocyte stage,such as filamin B(FLNB)and oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1(OLR1,encoding LOX-1),that are predictive of the resorptive activity of mature *** expression of differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors was strong during osteoclast differentiation,and these receptors are associated with bone mineral density SNPs,suggesting that they play a pivotal role in osteoclast differentiation and *** regulatory effects of three differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors were exemplified by in vitro pharmacological modulation of complement 5 A receptor 1(C5AR1),somatostatin receptor 2(SSTR2),and free fatty acid receptor 4(FFAR4/GPR120).Activating C5AR1 enhanced osteoclast formation,while activating SSTR2 decreased the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts,and activating FFAR4 decreased both the number and resorptive activity of mature *** conclus

关键词： osteoclast programming identif

Combined Drought and Heat Stress in Rice: Responses, Phenotyping and Strategies to Improve Tolerance

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Rice science 2021年第3期28卷 233-242页

作者： maria Vera Jesus DA COSTA Yamunarani RAmEGOWDA Venkategowda RAmEGOWDA Nataraja N.KARABA Sheshshayee m.SREEmAN makarla UDAYAKUmAR Department of Crop Physiology University of Agricultural SciencesGandhi Krishi Vigyana KendraBangalore 560065India

Simultaneous occurrence of drought and heat stress will have significant negative impact on rice yield,especially under upland *** projected increase in global temperatures and reduced precipitation will increase the frequency of occurrence and intensity of these stresses,threatening rice *** recognizing the importance of combined stress in rice,the knowledge generated in this area is very *** complex,understanding combined stress tolerance of rice under water saving cultivation is more critical towards development of climate resilient rice ***,we summarized the effects of combined stress on rice physiology with more emphasis on reproductive *** responses,phenotyping and physiology challenges and potential strategies for improving combined stress tolerance in rice are also discussed.

关键词： rice drought stress heat stress combined stress flowering grain filling omics response phenotyping genetic enhancement

Performance of low temperature microbial Fuel Cells(mFCs)catalyzed by mixed bacterial consortia

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第2期29卷 284-292页

作者： Olga Tkach Thangavel Sangeetha Spiridonova maria Aijie Wang State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Enuironment(SKLUWRE) Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China. Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Krasnoyarsk State Institution of Railway Vehicles Krasnoyarsk 660028Russia

microbial Fuel Cells（mFCs） are a promising technology for treating wastewater in a sustainable manner. In potential applications, low temperatures substantially reduce mFC performance. To better understand the effect of temperature and particularly how bioanodes respond to changes in temperature, we investigated the current generation of mixed-culture and pure-culture mFCs at two low temperatures, 10°C and 5°C. The results implied that the mixed-culture mFC sustainably performed better than the pure-culture（Shewanella） mFC at 10°C, but the electrogenic activity of anodic bacteria was substantially reduced at the lower temperature of 5°C. At 10°C, the maximum output voltage generated with the mixed-culture was 540–560 m V, which was 10%–15% higher than that of Shewanella mFCs. The maximum power density reached 465.3 ± 5.8 m W/m^2 for the mixed-culture at10°C, while only 68.7 ± 3.7 m W/m^2 was achieved with the pure-culture. It was shown that the anodic biofilm of the mixed-culture mFC had a lower overpotential and resistance than the pure-culture mFC. Phylogenetic analysis disclosed the prevalence of Geobacter and Pseudomonas rather than Shewanella in the mixed-culture anodic biofilm, which mitigated the increase of resistance or overpotential at low temperatures.

关键词： microbial fuel cell Psychrophilic bacteria Shewanella Low temperature Bioelectrochemical

Cephalotane-Type Norditerpenoids from Cephalotaxus fortunei ***

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2022年第10期40卷 1177-1184页

作者： Zhan-Peng Ge Bin Zhou Flavia m.Zimbres maria B.Cassera Jin-Xin Zhao Jian-min Yue State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Sciences555 Zuchongzhi RoadShanghai 201203China Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases(CTEGD)University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia30602UnitedStates

A chemical investigation of the 95%EtoH extract of the seeds of Cephalotaxus fortunei *** led to the isolation of nine new cephalotane-type norditerpenoids,ceforalides A-I(1-9),and two known analogues(10 and 11).Compounds 1-8 belong to a rare class of A-ring-contracted cephalotane-type norditerpenoids,of which compound 8 incorporates a unique tetrasubstituted 2,5-cyclohexadienone *** 9 is a rare 13,14-seco-17-nor-cephalotane-type *** structures were determined based on NmR,HRESImS,ECD,and X-ray diffraction *** tests revealed compounds 10 and 11 displayed moderate antimalarial activity.

关键词： Cephalotaxus fortunei var.alpine Natural products Structural elucidation Cephalotane norditerpenoids I Antimalarial activity

Two Terpenoid Derivatives with Different 3/5/6/6/5-Fused Pentacyclic Skeletons from Hedyosmum orientale

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2023年第4期41卷 392-398页

作者： Yao-Yue Fan Cheng-Yu Zheng Bin Zhou Flavia m.Zimbres maria B.Cassera Jian-min Yue State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Sciences555 Zuchongzhi RoadShanghai201203 China Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug DiscoveryYantaiShandong264117 China Research Units of Discovery of New Drug Lead molecules Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai201203 China Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases(CTEGD)University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia30602 United States

Chemical investigation of Hedyosmum orientale led to the identification of two terpenoid derivatives,dyosmunoids A and B(1 and 2)featuring two different 3/5/6/6/5-fused pentacyclic ring systems,*** 1 is the second natural product of this C_(25) terpenoid compound class,and compound 2 is a rare dinor-C25 terpenoid with a peroxide *** structural elucidation was achieved by the comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data,single-crystal X-ray diffraction,and ECD *** biosynthetic pathways for compounds 1 and 2 are *** 2 exhibited strong antimalarial activity with an IC_(50) value of 0.42μmol·L^(-1).

关键词： Natural products C_(25)Terpenoids Structure elucidation Biosynthetic pathway hypothesis Antimalarial activity

A global perspective on macroprudential policy interaction with systemic risk,real economic activity,and monetary intervention

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Financial Innovation 2021年第1期7卷 877-901页

作者： mikhail I.Stolbov maria A.Shchepeleva Alexander m.Karminsky Chair of the Department of Applied Economics Moscow State Institute of International Relations(MGIMO University)MoscowRussia Department of Theoretical Economics National Research University Higher School of EconomicsMoscowRussia School of Finance and Head of the Research Center of Banking and Risks National Research University Higher School of EconomicsMoscowRussia

The study empirically assesses how macroprudential policy interacts with systemic risk,industrial production,and monetary intervention on a global level from January 2006 to December *** adopt the aggregate proxies of these variables,capturing their global effects,and use a novel econometric technique,namely,smooth local *** study finds that global macroprudential policy leads the monetary policy,exhibiting a countercyclical pattern concerning industrial *** latter has an inverse bidirectional linkage with systemic ***,an ex-ante tight macroprudential policy can indirectly mitigate global systemic risk through its pro-growth effect on industrial production,although no convincing evidence exists for the direct impact of a macroprudential intervention on systemic *** study results endure several extensions and a robustness check,which builds on alternative measures of global systemic stress and real economic activity,thereby legitimizing the increased importance attached to the macroprudential policy since the 2007–2009 global financial crisis.

关键词： Industrial production macroprudential policy monetary policy Smooth local projections Systemic risk

Electrocardiographic measures of repolarization dispersion and their relationships with echocardiographic indices of ventricular remodeling and premature ventricular beats in hypertension

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第12期14卷 717-724页

作者： Ana Ciobanu Gary Tse Tong Liu maria V Deaconu Gabriela S Gheorghe Adriana m Iliesiu Ioan T Nanea Department of Internal medicine and Cardiology Theodor Burghele Clinical Hospital Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest Romania Department of medicine and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sci- ences Faculty of Medicine Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease Department of Cardiology Tianjin Institute of Cardiology Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China

Objective To examine the relationship between Tpeak- Tend interval （Tpe） and Tpe/QT ratio with occurrence of ventricular premature beats （VPBs） and left ventricular remodeling in hypertension. methods A total of 52 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were included, undergoing echocardiography and 24-hours Holter monitoring. Ventricular remodeling was assessed by left ventricular mass index （LVmI） using the Devereux formula and diastolic fimction by transmitral E and A wave velocities and E/A ratio. Tpe was measured in the precordial leads. The end of the T wave was set by the method of the tangent to the steepest descending slope of the T wave. Results Tpe and Tpe/QT in leads V2 （r = 0.33, P = 0.01; r = 0.27, P = 0.04 respectively） and V3 （r = 0.40, P = 0.002; r = 0.40, P = 0.003, respectively） correlated significantly with LVmI. A significant inverse relationship was observed between E/A ratio and QT （r = -0.33, P = 0.01）, Tpe in V3 （r = -0.39, P = 0.003） and Tpe/QT in V3 （r = -0.31, P = 0.02）. Tpe in V3, V5, mean Tpe and maximum Tpe with cut-offvalues of 60 ms, 59 ms, 62 ms and 71 ms, respectively, associated with the occurrence of ventricular premature beats. Conclusions The repolarization parameters Tpe interval and Tpe/QT ratio correlate with LVmI and indices of left ventricular diastolic function and show better predictive values than traditional parameters such as QT interval and QT dispersion. Lead V3 is the best lead for measuring Tpe and Tpe/QT. These ECG indices can therefore be used in clinical practice to monitor LV remodeling and predict occurrence of VPBs.

关键词： Hypertension Repolarization Tpeak-Tend Ventricular remodeling

Detection rates of urogenital cancers and benign pathology in men presenting with hematospermia

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Current Urology 2022年第1期16卷 44-49页

作者： maria Satchi Athos Katelaris martina Smekal Hussain m.Alnajjar Asif muneer Department of Urology Institute of AndrologyUniversity College London Hospitals NHS TrustLondonW1G 8PHUK NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University College London HospitalsLondonUK Division of Surgery and Interventional Science University College LondonLondonUK

Background:Hematospermia,although often found to be a benign condition,can be an alarming ***,patients undergo multiple investigations with no current standardized pathway based on data from large *** aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of an underlying pathology and the value of diagnostic investigations performed in patients presenting with *** and methods:A retrospective review of 393 consecutive men who underwent investigations for hematospermia was performed in a single tertiary *** demographics,radiological and microbiological results were recorded together with symptoms of concomitant hematuria and clinical ***:In this cohort,the overall prostate cancer detection rate was 5.3%and 7.2%in the≥40 years *** patient was diagnosed with testicular seminoma detected on scrotal ultrasound scan and one with G1pTa urothelial carcinoma of the bladder detected on flexible *** addition,5.6%of patients were found to have a significant benign pathology for which intervention was proposed.A total of 288 patients underwent a transrectal ultrasound scan and 58.7%(n=169)of these patients were found to have a positive *** hundred ten patients underwent a multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and 73.6%(n=81)had a positive ***:Apart from transrectal ultrasound and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging,the remaining investigations have a low diagnostic *** cancer detection was 5.3%;7.2%in the≥40 years group,and two further patients were diagnosed with testicular and bladder *** on our results,we propose an algorithm for the management of hematospermia to limit unnecessary investigations with the majority requiring reassurance.

关键词： Differential diagnosis Ejaculation Hematospermia male Prostatic neoplasm