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Experimental implementation of phase triplicator gratings in a spatial light modulator

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Chinese Optics letters 2024年第2期22卷 64-69页

作者：高尚 maría del mar Sánchez-lópez Ignacio Moreno Instituto de Bioingeniería Universidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain Departamento de Física Aplicada Universidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales Óptica y Tec.Electr´onicaUniversidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain

In this work,we compare different methods for implementing a triplicator,a phase grating that generates three equiintense diffraction *** design with optimal efficiency features a continuous phase profile,which cannot be easily reproduced,and is typically affected by *** compare its performance with binary and sinusoidal phase *** also analyze the effect of quantizing the phase ***,a random approach is adopted to eliminate the additional harmonic *** all cases,a liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulator is employed to experimentally verify and compare the different approaches.

关键词： diffraction gratings phase modulation triplicator spatial light modulators

Habitat and food preferences of European rabbits in core and edge populations along the invasion front PatagoniaMonte,Argentina

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 310-319页

作者： Sabrina Yasmin Bobadilla maría ADacar Fabián MJaksic Ricardo AOjeda maría Fernanda Cuevas Ecología de Mamíferos de Tierras Secas IADIZACCT-Mendoza CONICETAv.Ruiz Leal s/nParque General San MartínMendoza 5500MendozaArgentina laboratorio de Filogeografía Taxonomía Integrativa y Ecología(LFTIE)IADIZACCT-Mendoza CONICETAv.Ruiz Leal s/nParque General San MartínMendoza 5500MendozaArgentina Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability(CAPES) Pontifcia Universidad Católica de ChileAv.Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340Santiago 8320000Región MetropolitanaChile

The European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus is an exotic herbivorous mammal undergoing an active phase of geographical expansion in the arid ecosystems of *** Adaptive Flexibility Hypothesis states that populations at the range edge(new populations)will exhibit greater fexibility in the use of resources compared with populations located in the range core(older populations).The objective of this work was to compare the rabbit’s use of spatial and trophic resources in relation to the establishment time of their *** sampling was carried out for 2 years(2017 and 2018)in sites with different establishment times for rabbit *** sampling stratifed by type of habitat was applied using 115 fxed strip transects of 1,000 m2 laid out across the study *** rabbit signs were recorded in each transect,and environmental and anthropic variables were *** results show that the individuals from the range edge are more selective in the use of habitat than those from the range *** the microhabitat level,we observed a pattern in the particular components of habitat use by rabbits mainly linked to food availability and proximity to *** a trophic perspective,rabbits could show fexible adjustment to novel conditions and environments in the range *** variability in resource use by the European rabbit confrms its ecological fexibility,pivotal for their advance toward new environments in Argentina.

关键词： Arid ecosystems invasive species novel environments range invasion spatial use trophic use

A texture-modified dessert with high nutritional value designed for people with dysphagia:effect of refrigeration and frozen storage

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第1期13卷 462-471页

作者： maría Cartagena larisa Giura Diana Ansorena Iciar Astiasaran Department of Nutrition Food Science and PhysiologyFaculty of Pharmacy and NutritionUniversidad de NavarraC/Irunlarrea s/nPamplona 31008Spain Center for Nutrition Research University of Navarrac/Irunlarrea 1Pamplona 31008Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra IDISNAPamplona 31008Spain National Centre for Food Technology and Safety(CNTA)—Technology and Knowledge for Food Sector Competitiveness NavarreCrta-Na 134-km 53San Adrian 31570Spain

Dysphagia is commonly associated with malnutrition and an increased choking *** overcome these complications,food designed for people with dysphagia should have an appropriate texture and a high nutritional *** this study,six formulations of a strawberry dessert enriched in protein(calcium caseinate)and fiber(wheat dextrin or inulin)were developed using different hydrocolloids(xanthan gum,carboxymethyl cellulose or modified starch)to provide desirable texture and *** value was calculated and total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the samples were ***-extrusion test,rheological measurements and sensory analysis were performed in refrigerated and frozen samples to characterize their textural and viscoelastic *** high content in protein(14.7 g/100 g)and fiber(7.9-8.7 g/100 g)made possible to use the claims“high protein”and“high fiber”.Phytochemicals supplied by strawberries contributed to the antioxidant properties of the *** tangent ranged 0.28-0.35 for all the formulations,indicating a weak gel behavior,which could be considered safe to *** formulations with dextrin in combination with carboxymethyl cellulose or xanthan gum seemed to be less susceptible to structural changes during frozen *** work provides insights for the development of a nutrient-dense dessert that meets the requirements of people with dysphagia.

关键词： Malnutrition Texture-modified-food Hydrocolloids Viscoelastic properties Food texture

Tracking the change in Spanish greenhouse gas emissions through an lMDI decomposition model:A global and sectoral approach

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 114-122页

作者： Paula Fernández González maría José Presno Manuel landajo Department of Applied Economics University of OviedoAuda del Cristos/n 33011 OviedoSpain

The reduction of GHG emissions to reverse the greenhouse effect is one of the main challenges in this *** this paper we pursue two ***,we analyze the evolution of GHG emissions in Spain in 2008–2018,at both the global and sectoral levels,with the variation in emissions decomposed into a set of determining ***,we propose several actions specifically oriented to more tightly controlling the level of *** results showed a remarkable reduction(18.44%)in GHG emissions,mainly due to the intensity effect,but also to the production-per-capita *** detected somewhat different patterns among the various sectors *** the intensity effect was the most influential one in the agricultural,transport,and others sectors,the production-per-capita effect was predominant in the case of *** carbonization effect was revealed as crucial in the commerce *** above findings highlight the importance of the energy efficiency measures taken in recent years in the Spanish economy,also pointing to the need to deepen those strategies and to propose new measures that entail greater efficiency in *** efforts in areas like innovation,R&D,diffusion of more eco-friendly technologies,and a greater use of greener energies all prove to be essential reduction actions to fight the greenhouse effect.

关键词： lMDI Decomposition Spain GHG emissions

Vegetation Response To Soil And Morphological Properties In An Arid Region Alluvial Fan landscape. Pre-Andes Of San Juan， Argentina

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： FlORES Daniel Germán OCA?A Raúl Emmanuel MElIáN Edgardo ORTEG Andrés ESPER ANGIllIERI maría Yanina PITTAlUGA maría Alejandra CIGEOBIO (CONICET-UNSJ) Av.José I.de la Roza y Meglioli Gabinete de Geología Ambiental INGEO Universidad Nacional de San Juan Av.José I.de la Roza y Meglioli

The Monte Desert is characterized by a great diversity of landforms created with fluvial， alluvial which the vegetation patterns are related to. The present work has the following objectives: 1: determine whether topographical attributes， surface characteristics， soil properties and vegetation patterns vary between alluvial landforms， and 2: define whether morphometric， soil and surface properties influence vegetation patterns along alluvial landscape. Morphometric data were obtained by processing a 5 m digital elevation model. The coverage of rock fragments， fine sediments and mulch was quantified. Observations and descriptions of the soil profiles were restricted to the uppermost 50 cm. Vegetation properties were calculated using a Point Quadrat Method. The relationship between variables was evaluated through multivariate statistical analysis. The main results show the presence of 45 plant species distributed in 19 families， where shrubs are dominant. The wind effect， topographic wetness and dissection of the landscape are limiting factors of diversity. The coverage of superficial rock fragments influence vegetation coverage through the distribution and availability of rainwater. Furthermore， the different soil textures reveal that the silt content favors an increase in vegetation coverage. The presence of V horizon could condition the installation and development of vegetation in the early stages of growth.

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Disentangling the effects of management and climate change on habitat suitability for saproxylic species in boreal forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第2期35卷 121-133页

作者： Ellinoora Ekman maría Triviño Clemens Blattert Adriano Mazziotta maria Potterf Kyle Eyvindson Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of JyvaskylaP.O.Box 3540014 JyvaskylaFinland Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research(INAR)/Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiP.O.Box 6800014 HelsinkiFinland School of Resource Wisdom University of JyvaskylaP.O.Box 3540014 JyvaskylaFinland Natural Resources Institute Finland(lUKE) Latokartanonkaari 900790 HelsinkiFinland Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group Technical University of MunichHans‑Carl‑Von‑Carlowitz‑Platz 285354 FreisingGermany Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesP.O.Box 50031433ÅsNorway

Forest degradation induced by intensive forest management and temperature increase by climate change are resulting in biodiversity decline in boreal *** forest management and high-end climate emission scenarios can further reduce the amount and diversity of deadwood,the limiting factor for habitats for saproxylic species in European boreal *** magnitude of their combined effects and how changes in forest management can affect deadwood diversity under a range of climate change scenarios are poorly *** used forest growth simulations to evaluate how forest management and climate change will individually and jointly affect habitats of red-listed saproxylic species in *** simulated seven forest management regimes and three climate scenarios(reference,RCP4.5 and RCP8.5)over 100 *** regimes included set aside,continuous cover forestry,business-as-usual(BAU)and four modifications of *** suitability was assessed using a speciesspecific habitat suitability index,including 21 fungal and invertebrate species groups.“Winner”and“loser”species were identified based on the modelled impacts of forest management and climate change on their habitat *** found that forest management had a major impact on habitat suitability of saproxylic species compared to climate *** suitability index varied by over 250%among management regimes,while overall change in habitat suitability index caused by climate change was on average only 2%.More species groups were identified as winners than losers from impacts of climate change(52%–95%were winners,depending on the climate change scenario and management regime).The largest increase in habitat suitability index was achieved under set aside(254%)and the climate scenario RCP8.5(>2%),while continuous cover forestry was the most suitable regime to increase habitat suitability of saproxylic species(up to+11%)across all climate change *** results show that close-to-na

关键词： Biodiversity Simulations Finland Forest planning Habitat suitability Deadwood

The immune system: uncharted pathways between senses and the brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1173-1174页

作者： Noelia Casares mar Cuadrado-Tejedor Ana García-Osta Juan José lasarte Immunology and Immunotherapy Program Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) University of NavarraIDISNA Division of Gene Therapy for Neurological Disorders Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) University of NavarraIDISNA Pathology Anatomy and Physiology Department School of Medicine University of NavarraIDISNA

Humans and animals use the classic five senses-sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste-to detect and monitor their environment, with the sense of position and movement often referred to as the sixth sense. The perception of external signals through the senses is essential to an organism’s survival, transmitting signals to the central nervous system(CNS) and prompting physiological changes in other biological systems. In addition to the direct effects of sense-induced mediators in the brain,

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Quality evaluation of Nothofagus pumilio seeds linked to forest management and climatic events

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 98-107页

作者： Julian Rodríguez-Souilla Jimena E.Chaves maría Vanessa lencinas Juan Manuel Cellini Fidel A.Roig Pablo l.Peri Guillermo martinez Pastur laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET ) laboratorio de Investigaciones en Maderas (lIMAD) Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP) Instituto Argentino de Nivología Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IAN-IGLA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET )

Background Forest ecosystems undergo significant transformations due to harvesting and climate fluctuations, emphasizing the critical role of seeding in natural regeneration and long-term structural preservation. Climate change further amplifies these dynamics, affecting phenology across species and regions. In Tierra del Fuego(Argentina), Nothofagus pumilio(lenga) forests represent the most important timber resource, and it is managed through different silvicultural strategies. This species demonstrates notable post-disturbance regeneration, yet seed fall exhibits signifi-cant variability, leading to variations in seed quality(e.g., viability). This study aims to assess fluctuations in N. pumilio seed quality, determine how it varies concerning forest management strategies, annual productivity, and the co-occurrence of climatic phenomena including El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode(SAM).Results Viable seeds represented 18.4% of the total, notably higher in unharvested than in managed areas. Con-versely, empty seeds were more prevalent in harvested areas(> 75%). Seed quality exhibited significant differences across silvicultural treatments, except for insect-predated seeds, which had similar proportions across all areas, though dispersed retention showed higher predation. When considering years with varying production levels, high-production years favoured full and viable seeds, particularly in unharvested forests and aggregated retention, while low-production years saw reduced viability across all treatments. Quadratic models revealed that viability increased with seed production, where unharvested forests achieved the highest values. Climate variability influenced seed proportions, where ENSO+/SAM+ promoting more full and viable seeds, while ENSO–/SAM+ favoured non-predated seeds, especially in unharvested *** Seed quality varies among treatments and years with different levels of seeding. Variations in seed qual-ity, l

关键词： Forest management Seeding Climate change Extreme event Patagonia

Endophytic Occupation in Nodules of Rhynchosia Plants from Semiarid Regions of Argentina

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第6期93卷 1081-1099页

作者： Cinthia T.lucero maría de los Á.Ruíz Fabiola Pagliero Carolina Castaño mariela l.Ambrosino Graciela S.lorda Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de La PampaRuta Nacional 35km 330Santa RosaLa PampaCP6300Argentina INTA EEA Anguil“Ing.Agr.Guillermo Covas”Ruta Nacional 5 km 580AnguilLa PampaCC116326Argentina

Beneﬁcial microbes can improve soil health by promoting soil structure,nutrient cycling,and disease *** addition,a wide array of rhizospheric microbes are responsible for producing metabolically active compounds including various types of plant growth ***,microbial biodiversity studies could contribute to the improvement of agricultural practices in deprived areas,such as the Pampean semiarid *** vast majority of studies conducted on endophytic microorganisms have focused on intensive crop legume *** contrast,little attention has been paid to microorganisms of native legumes,whose ecology is not directly affected by human *** this study,endophytic microorganisms isolated from root nodules of a selected native legume of the genus Rhynchosia were *** isolates were studied with a focus on their plant growth-pro-moting rhizobacteria(PGPR)*** the edaphic characteristics of the Pampean semiarid region,the isolates obtained were evaluated for their ability to grow under three salt stress conditions(50,100,and 200 mM NaCl)and four different pH values(6,7,8,and 9).Based on their PGPR activities,the selected strains were phylogenetically grouped using *** results showed great variability among the isolates in terms of the characteristics *** legumes manifested a wide endophytic variability and remarkable perfor-mance in PGPR *** conclude that they could be used as potential bioinoculants for legume cultivation,an excellent alternative to the use of chemical fertilizers that currently pollute the environment.

关键词： Native strains endophytes PGPR native legumes stress