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Physiological and subjective thermal responses to heat exposure in northern and southern Chinese people

Building Simulation 2021年第6期14卷 1619-1631页

作者： Yufan Lin Liu Yang maohui luo College of Civil Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi'anChina College of Architecture Xi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi'anChina School of Mechanical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina

When studying the thermal adaptation of building occupants,understanding the effects of different thermal experiences on adaptation is necessary,particularly for moderate and severe heat ***,this area has seen limited ***,skin temperature,a common parameter for quantifying thermal sensation,may insufficiently reflect the automatic thermoregulation of the human *** study investigates the effects of long-term heat exposure on the human body using multiple physiological and subjective *** heat exposure experiments were conducted on healthy male participants from northern and southern *** responses,including skin temperature,heart rate,heart rate variability,blood volume pulse(BVP),subjective thermal comfort thermal sensation,thermal acceptability,and normalized high and low frequency values were collected and compared The results indicated that the subjective responses of northern and southern participants were not significantly different;however,the subjective physiological symptoms and self-reported discomfort of the latter were less than those of the former,indicating that the southern participants had superior heat ***,the physiological responses of all the participants were largely ***,southern participants showed slightly higher normalized high frequency and BVP values,indicating that they have more active vagus nerves and better *** also showed a wider acceptable temperature range and better acclimation to heat ***,the mean skin temperature could not effectively predict thermal sensation during heat exposure;this was more accurately achieved using the rate of change of skin *** findings suggest that long-term thermal experiences can affect building occupants’thermal adaptability.

关键词： thermal adaptation thermal experience physiological response heat exposure

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Energy and comfort performance of occupant-centric air conditioning strategy in office buildings with personal comfort devices

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Building Simulation 2022年第5期15卷 899-911页

作者： Jingsi Zhang Xiang Zhou Song Lei maohui luo School of Mechanical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China East China Architectural Design and Research Institute 151 Hankou RoadShanghaiChina

The personal comfort system(PCS)aims to meet individual thermal comfort demands efficiently to achieve higher thermal comfort satisfaction while reducing air conditioning energy *** date,many PCS devices have been developed and evaluated from the perspective of thermal *** will be useful for future PCS development if an approach to quantify the thermal comfort and energy performance of certain PCS devices and their combinations with consideration of user behaviors can be *** study attempted to fill this gap by integrating thermal comfort experiments,occupancy simulations,usage behavior modeling,and building energy simulation ***,human subject experiments were conducted to quantify the thermal comfort effects of the ***,the Markov chain model and conditional probability model were employed to describe the room occupancy and PCS usage ***,the extended comfort temperature range and user behavior models were imported into the building energy simulation tool to analyze the energy-saving potential of the *** results show that the use of PCS can significantly improve occupants,thermal comfort and satisfaction rate under both warm and cool *** a cooling cushion and desktop fan can lift the upper limit of the comfortable temperature to 29.5℃while the heated cushion can extend the lower limit to 15℃.By increasing the air conditioning temperature setpoint by 2℃in summer and reducing by 2.5℃the heating temperature setpoint in winter,PCS devices can reduce heating and air conditioning energy consumption by 25%-40%while maintaining occupants’thermal comfort.

关键词： thermal comfort personal comfort system occupant behavior building energy simulation building energy saving

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Influencing factors of long-term thermal comfort in office buildings

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Building Simulation 2024年第11期17卷 2043-2061页

作者： Peixian Li Xiangjun Zhao Naiping Gao maohui luo Xing Shi College of Architecture and Urban Planning Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy Saving Study of Dense Habitat Tongji UniversityMinistry of EducationShanghaiChina School of Mechanical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina

While previous research has explored factors influencing point-in-time thermal comfort,the mechanisms behind long-term thermal comfort remain *** study utilized cognitive psychology theory to identify factors influencing long-term thermal comfort through statistical analyses of surveys across China and physical measurements in three Shanghai *** of the 17 investigated factors exhibited strong linear relationships with long-term thermal *** findings confirmed the existence of the Primacy Effect,Perceptual Bias,Recency Bias,and Peak-End Rule in long-term thermal evaluation,highlighting the impact of initial perceptions,past adverse experiences,and current comfort levels on one’s long-term thermal *** study also indicated that these cognitive biases are primarily psychological and independent of the physical *** such as age,gender,climate,and controllability,which affect short-term thermal comfort,did not significantly impact long-term *** research is one of the earliest attempts to understand long-term thermal comfort,underscoring its complexity and providing valuable insights for building managers and researchers aiming to enhance thermal comfort in office settings.

关键词： thermal comfort cognitive bias subject evaluation long-term monitoring correlation

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Development of data-driven thermal sensation prediction model using quality-controlled databases

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Building Simulation 2022年第12期15卷 2111-2125页

作者： Xiang Zhou Ling Xu Jingsi Zhang Lie Ma Mingzheng Zhang maohui luo School of Mechanical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China Guangdong Midea Air-Conditioning Equipment Co. LTDGuangdong 528311China

Predicting the thermal sensations of building occupants is challenging,but useful for indoor environment *** this study,a data-driven thermal sensation prediction model was developed using three quality-controlled thermal comfort *** machine-learning algorithms were compared in terms of prediction accuracy and *** model was further improved by adding categorical inputs,and building submodels and general models for different contexts.A comprehensive data-driven thermal sensation prediction model was *** results indicate that the multilayer perceptron(MLP)algorithm achieves higher prediction accuracy and more rational results than the other four algorithms in this specific *** AC and NV scenarios,climate zones,and cooling and heating seasons can improve model *** submodels for specific scenarios can result in better thermal sensation vote(TSV)predictions than using general models with or without *** 11 submodels corresponding to 11 scenarios,and three general models without labels,the final TSV prediction model achieved higher prediction accuracy,with 64.7%–90.7%fewer prediction errors(reducing SSE by 3.2–4.9)than the predicted mean vote(PMV).Possible applications of the new model are *** findings of this study can help in development of simple,accurate,and rational thermal sensation prediction tools.

关键词： thermal comfort machine learning adaptive thermal comfort multilayer perceptron

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Room zonal location and activity intensity recognition model for residential occupant using passive-infrared sensors and machine learning

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Building Simulation 2022年第6期15卷 1133-1144页

作者： Jingsi Zhang Ting Zhao Xiang Zhou Jilong Wang Xinyue Zhang Chaokui Qin maohui luo School of Mechanical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China

Given the importance of recognizing indoor occupant’s location and activity intensity to the control of intelligent homes,exploring approaches that can detect occupants’location and activity types while protecting occupants’privacy is *** this study,occupants’zonal location and activity intensity recognition models were developed using passive infrared(PIR)sensors and machine learning algorithms.A PIR sensor array with 15 nodes was employed to monitor indoor occupant’s and cat’s behavior in a case residential building for 71 *** output signals of PIR sensors varied with different locations and activity *** analyzing the PIR data feature,models were established using six machine learning algorithms and two sets of *** comparing model performance,the support vector machine(SVM)algorithm was selected to establish the final *** model input was optimized by accumulating the PIR *** PIR original counting values in 1-minute and 30-minute accumulated data as input features,the optimized SVM model can achieve 99.7%accuracy under the 10-fold cross-validation for the training data set,and 90.9%accuracy for the test data *** cat’s activity intensity is much weaker than that of occupant,yielding much smaller PIR output,which helped the SVM model to distinguish cat’s activity from occupant’s with>90%*** model’s recognition accuracy decreases with the decrease of sensor numbers and nine sensors were *** findings obtained in this study support the promising future of applying PIR sensors in smart homes.

关键词： PIR sensor machine learning occupant behavior pet behavior smart home

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国家审计法律责任规范的构造与优化

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审计研究 2017年第5期 23-29页

作者：屈茂辉陈艳罗才红湖南大学法学院湖南大学湖南省审计科研培训所

对我国国家审计法律责任的规范文本进行实证分析,发现国家层面的立法较少、地方立法数量相对较多,呈现出"金字塔形"的特征。国家审计法律责任的基本体系虽已建立,但下位法和上位法的条文重复现象较突出;在责任主体制度上设计单一,更为... 详细信息

对我国国家审计法律责任的规范文本进行实证分析,发现国家层面的立法较少、地方立法数量相对较多,呈现出"金字塔形"的特征。国家审计法律责任的基本体系虽已建立,但下位法和上位法的条文重复现象较突出;在责任主体制度上设计单一,更为注重被审计单位及人员;在责任类型结构上过于依赖行政法律责任,刑事法律责任和民事法律责任表现出明显的附属性;责任追究机制和责任承担方式也尚有不足。管理型立法思路导致的制度缺陷可能会影响审计法的实施效果,因此国家审计法律责任制度仍需要完善,不仅要在地方立法上体现和突出地方性,而且要建立起与行政法律责任、刑事法律责任和民事法律责任合理衔接并互补的责任制度体系,提高审计立法质量。

关键词：国家审计法律责任立法形式主体结构责任类型

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川西高原藏区传统民居的建筑能耗模拟和优化

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建筑节能（中英文） 2024年第3期52卷 40-46页

作者：张妍罗茂辉成都大学建筑与土木工程学院成都610065 同济大学机械与能源工程学院上海200092

川西高原藏区气候寒冷,地理位置偏僻,常规能源匮乏,传统民居建筑冬季采暖能耗大。为提高此类民居的节能性,改善少数民族传统聚落人居环境,基于DesignBuilder软件建立川西藏区典型民居建筑模型,模拟当地气候条件、太阳辐射等环境参数,以... 详细信息

川西高原藏区气候寒冷,地理位置偏僻,常规能源匮乏,传统民居建筑冬季采暖能耗大。为提高此类民居的节能性,改善少数民族传统聚落人居环境,基于DesignBuilder软件建立川西藏区典型民居建筑模型,模拟当地气候条件、太阳辐射等环境参数,以人体热舒适和采暖能耗为评价指标,分析建筑朝向、功能布局、阳光房及其玻璃材料与参数等因素对室内环境的影响,探索多因素影响下的最优组合形式,在优化传统民居设计的基础之上,论证了利用太阳能采暖的可行性,为极端气候地区无辅助热源的传统民居立足可再生能源、利用太阳能解决冬季采暖问题、提升舒适性提供依据。

关键词：藏区传统民居能耗模拟室内热环境节能设计

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甘孜传统民居采暖能耗与碳排放影响因素分析

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能源与节能 2023年第12期 5-9,52页

作者：张妍罗茂辉成都大学建筑与土木工程学院四川成都610106 同济大学机械与能源工程学院上海200092

以川西高原甘孜州传统民居为模拟对象,通过DesignBuilder对其能耗进行模拟,对比分析现存典型民居有无阳光间的采暖能耗和以石材、加草黏土、夯实黏土、加气混凝土、轻砂浆砌筑黏土砖砌体5种材料为主体的不同围护结构,以及4种不同外墙保... 详细信息

以川西高原甘孜州传统民居为模拟对象,通过DesignBuilder对其能耗进行模拟,对比分析现存典型民居有无阳光间的采暖能耗和以石材、加草黏土、夯实黏土、加气混凝土、轻砂浆砌筑黏土砖砌体5种材料为主体的不同围护结构,以及4种不同外墙保温材料在不同的厚度下对当地民居采暖能耗、碳排放、经济成本等方面的影响。结果表明:4种保温材料中能耗最小的是挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料,能耗最大的是聚氯乙烯硬泡沫塑料;对于保温材料厚度,4种保温材料厚度在150 mm时达到最佳能耗表现,同种类型保温材料随着模拟厚度的增加,能耗逐渐减小;在5种围护结构材料中,加草黏土作为一种就地取材、成本低、性能优良的绿色建筑材料,其采暖能耗和碳排放综合性能明显优于其余者,可制作成加草黏土砖用于民居外墙建造,进行推广。

关键词：川西高原传统民居采暖能耗碳排放经济成本

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偏热环境下空调非等温可感送风对人体热舒适影响的实验研究

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暖通空调 2015年第4期45卷 116-119,69页

作者：余娟杨月婷罗茂辉欧阳沁朱颖心清华大学北京清华同衡规划设计研究院有限公司

通过实验研究在2个工况下,低温稳态气流、低温仿自然风动态气流以及等温仿自然风动态气流方式下,受试者热感觉、热舒适和热环境满意度投票情况。实验结果表明,在室温为28-30℃、相对湿度为40%-45%的热环境下,平均送风速度为0.5-0.7m/s... 详细信息

通过实验研究在2个工况下,低温稳态气流、低温仿自然风动态气流以及等温仿自然风动态气流方式下,受试者热感觉、热舒适和热环境满意度投票情况。实验结果表明,在室温为28-30℃、相对湿度为40%-45%的热环境下,平均送风速度为0.5-0.7m/s、送风温度为28℃的气流能够使受试者达到舒适水平。建议当室温为28℃时,使用风扇提供平均风速为0.5m/s的仿自然风动态气流进行人体降温;当室温为30℃时,使用空调提供平均风速为0.5m/s、送风温度为28℃的仿自然风动态气流进行人体降温。

关键词：热舒适非等温可感送风仿自然风气流偏热环境

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Dynamic characteristics and comfort assessment of airflows in indoor environments： A review

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建筑节能 2015年第9期43卷 12-12页

作者： Yingxin Zhu maohui luo Qin Ouyang Li Huang Bin Cao 侯恩哲《建筑节能》杂志社

During the past few decades, both positive and negative aspects of indoor air movement on human comfort perception have been studied. However, most research has focused on collecting empirical evidence to support the potential application of airflows in practice. In this context, numerous studies have encouraged the use of moving air to promote comfort in warm environments, especially with regard to the application of dynamic airflows. Through these studies, the effects of different airflow parameters(such as air velocity, turbulence intensity, and fluctuation frequency) on human comfort perception have gradually been identified and even quantified. This article aims to summarize the progress in the literature concerning dynamic characteristics and comfort assessment of airflows in four main sections: demand for indoor airflows, parameters of indoor airflows, comfort assessment of indoor airflows, and dynamic airflows and their *** paper will hopefully aid the understanding of human perception of indoor airflows and guide future research.

关键词：建筑设计建筑节能建筑光学建筑材料

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