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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2018年第12期28卷 1933-1952页

作者： OMID Abdi ZEINAB Shirvani manfred F.Buchroithner Institute for Cartography Geosciences DepartmentTU Dresden

Developing countries must consider the influence of anthropogenic dynamics on changes in rangeland habitats. This study explores happened degradation in 178 rangeland management plans for Northeast Iran in three main steps:(1) conducting a trend analysis of rangeland degradation and anthropogenic dynamics in 1986–2000 and 2000–2015,(2) visualizing the effects of anthropogenic drivers on rangeland degradation using bivariate local spatial autocorrelation(BiLISA), and(3) quantifying spatial dependence between anthropogenic driving forces and rangeland degradation using spatial regression approaches. The results show that 0.77% and 0.56% of rangelands are degraded annually during the first and second periods. The BiLISA results indicate that dry-farming, irrigated farming and construction areas were significant drivers in both periods and grazing intensity was a significant driver in the second period. The spatial lag(SL) model(wi=0.3943, Ei=1.4139) with two drivers of dry-farming and irrigated farming in the first period and the spatial error(SE) model(wi=0.4853, Ei=1.515) with livestock density, dry-farming and irrigated farming in the second period showed robust performance in quantifying the driving forces of rangeland degradation. To conclude, the BiLISA maps and spatial models indicate a serious intensification of the anthropogenic impacts of ongoing conditions on the rangelands of northeast Iran in the future.

关键词： rangeland degradation Landsat GIS anthropogenic driving forces BiLISA spatial regression

林牧系统的树木中豆科植物的比例减少并不影响其内部的氮吸收效率

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2023年第3期16卷 40-53页

作者： Andrea Schmiedgen Martin Komainda manfred Kayser Bettina Tonn Johannes Isselstein Grassland Science Department of Crop SciencesGeorg-August-University GöttingenD-37075 GöttingenGermany Centre of Biodiversity&Sustainable Land Use D-37077 GöttingenGermany Geo-Lab University of VechtaD-49377 VechtaGermany Department of Livestock Sciences FiBLCH-5070 FrickSwitzerland

在以豆科植物为主的草地中,豆科植物通过生物固氮为草地提供氮(N)。以往对林牧系统的研究发现,树木附近的豆科植物比例下降,将导致N供应以及树间草坪收获的牧草中N浓度的空间变化。在自然生态系统中,氮吸收效率(NRE)随着养分限制而增加... 详细信息

在以豆科植物为主的草地中,豆科植物通过生物固氮为草地提供氮(N)。以往对林牧系统的研究发现,树木附近的豆科植物比例下降,将导致N供应以及树间草坪收获的牧草中N浓度的空间变化。在自然生态系统中,氮吸收效率(NRE)随着养分限制而增加,所以在树木附近豆科植物比较稀缺。本研究验证了以下假设,即树木附近的NRE增加,补偿了豆科植物相对于牧草中N浓度的损失。为此,本研究分析了5年前建立的巷道种植系统中,分布在林木间的两种由豆科草本植物为主的植被组成。研究结果表明,豆科植物的比例向树线方向下降了45%,因此,活的和枯死的牧草中的N浓度也下降了,但平均仅下降了15%。由于N浓度降低以及靠近树木的牧草质量下降,N产量最多下降了50%。尽管树木附近的豆科植物减少,但无论植被组成如何,NRE都不受树线的影响。此外,与未管理的生态系统相比,收获之间的落叶间隔较短的林牧草地中管理草坪的内部N循环的相关性较低。豆科植物的比例控制着活的和枯死的草本植物的N浓度,而与林牧系统中的树木遮阴无关。

关键词：农林业氮循环草地管理豆科植物

炸药爆轰过程中反应生成物的传播研究(英文)

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含能材料 2005年第6期13卷 355-358页

作者： HELD manfred TDW/EADS 86523 Schrobenhausen Germany

对圆筒型装药发生爆轰后的反应物的传播过程进行了研究,分析了轴向平均速度、径向平均速度和实际传播速度与时间和距离的函数关系。

关键词：爆炸力学传播爆轰产物炸药圆筒试验爆轰机理

Comprehensive lifestyle intervention vs soy protein-based meal regimen in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第9期25卷 1116-1131页

作者： Peter Deibert Adhara Lazaro Denise Schaffner Aloys Berg Daniel Koenig Wolfgang Kreisel manfred W Baumstark Daniel Steinmann Martin Buechert Thomas Lange Faculty of Medicine Department of MedicineInstitute of Exercise and Occupational MedicineMedical CenterUniversity of Freiburg Department of Nutrition Institute for Sports and Sports ScienceUniversity of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine Department of MedicineDivision of GastroenterologyHepatologyEndocrinology and Infectious DiseasesMedical CenterUniversity of Freiburg University Hospital of Freiburg Occupational Medicine Faculty of Medicine Department of Radiology-Medical PhysicsMedical CenterUniversity of Freiburg

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) has become one of the leading causes of liver disease in the western world. In obese patients weight reduction is recommended. Up to now there are no specific guidelines for weight loss in order to reduce hepatic fat *** To investigate the effects of a 24-wk guided lifestyle intervention program compared to a meal replacement regimen based on soy *** Twenty-six subjects with NASH participated in a randomized single-center study. They were randomly assigned to either meal replacement group(MR-G)with soy-yogurt-honey preparation or to guided lifestyle change group(LC-G)with endurance activity and nutrition counselling. Serum alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST), lipid parameters, and adipokines were measured. Liver fat content and lipid composition were determined by magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Body fat mass and lean body mass were assessed using Bod Pod? device. Pre-and post-intervention monitoring of parameters was performed. Statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS software, results were expressed as median(interquartile range).RESULTS Twenty-two subjects(MR-G, n = 11 and LC-G, n = 11) completed the study(9 women, 13 men; age 52.1(15.0) years, body mass index(BMI) 32.3(3.3) kg/m^2).In both groups a significant weight loss was achieved(MR-G:-6.4(3.6) kg, P <0.01; LC-G:-9.1(10.4) kg, P < 0.01). BMI dropped in both groups(MR-G:-2.3(1.5)kg/m^2, P = 0.003; LC-G:-3.0(3.4) kg/m^2, P = 0.006). Internal fat and hepatic lipid content were markedly reduced in both groups in comparable amount. There was a strong correlation between reduction in liver fat and decrease in ***, both groups showed an improvement in glycemic control and lipid profile. Changes in adipokines, particularly in adiponectin and leptin were closely related to intrahepatic lipid *** Comprehensive lifestyle intervention and meal replacement regimen have compar

关键词： Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Meal replacement therapy Soy protein Lifestyle change Weight reduction Obesity

Generalizable items and modular structure for computerised physician staffing calculation on intensive care units

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2017年第3期6卷 153-163页

作者： manfred Weiss Gernot Marx Thomas Iber Department of Anesthesiology University Hospital Ulm Klinik für Operative Intensivmedizin und Intermediate Care Uniklinik RWTH Aachen Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Klinikum Mittelbaden Baden-Baden/Bühl

Intensive care medicine remains one of the most costdriving areas within hospitals with high personnel costs. Under the scope of limited budgets and reimbursement, realistic needs are essential to justify personnel staffing. Unfortunately, all existing staffing models are top-down calculations with a high variability in results. We present a workload-oriented model, integrating quality of care, efficiency of processes, legal, educational, controlling, local, organisational and economic aspects. In our model, the physician's workload solely related to the intensive care unit depends on three tasks: Patient-oriented tasks, divided in basic tasks(performed in every patient) and additional tasks(necessary in patients with specific diagnostic and therapeutic requirements depending on their specific illness, only), and non patient-oriented tasks. All three tasks have to be taken into account for calculating the required number of physicians. The calculation tool further allows to determine minimal personnel staffing, distribution of calculated personnel demand regarding type of employee due to working hours per year, shift work or standby duty. This model was introduced and described first by the German Board of Anesthesiologists and the German Society ofAnesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine in 2008 and since has been implemented and updated 2012 in Germany. The modular, flexible nature of the Excel-based calculation tool should allow adaption to the respective legal and organizational demands of different countries. After 8 years of experience with this calculation, we report the generalizable key aspects which may help physicians all around the world to justify realistic workload-oriented personnel staffing needs.

关键词： Budgets Critical care Economics Humans Intensive care units Personnel hospital Personnel staffing and scheduling Physicians Workload Quality of health care

Fully Integrated Machine Control for Ultra Precision Machining

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2013年第8期3卷 465-472页

作者： Christian Brecher Dominik Lindemann manfred Zavelberg Department Production Machines Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT

To meet the demands for highly advanced components with ultra precise contour accuracy and optical surface quality arising in the fields of photonics and optics, automotive, medical applications and biotechnology, consumer electronics and renewable energy, more advanced production machines and processes have to be developed. As the complexity of machine tools rises steadily, the automation of manufacture increases rapidly, processes become more integrated and cycle times have to be reduced significantly, challenges of engineering efficient machine tools with respect to these demands expand every day. Especially the manufacture of freeform geometries with non-continuous and asymmetric surfaces requires advanced diamond machining strategies involving highly dynamic axes movements with a high bandwidth and position accuracy. Ultra precision lathes additionally equipped with Slow Tool and Fast Tool systems can be regarded as state-of-the-art machines achieving the objectives of high quality optical components. The mechanical design of such ultra precision machine tools as well as the mechanical integration of additional highly dynamic axes are very well understood today. In contrast to that, neither advanced control strategies for ultra precision machining nor the control integration of additional Fast Tool systems have been sufficiently developed yet. Considering a complex machine setup as a mechatronic system, it becomes obvious that enhancements to further increase the achievable form accuracy and surface quality and at the same time decrease cycle times and error sensitivity can only be accomplished by innovative, integrated control systems. At the Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT a novel, fully integrated control approach has been developed to overcome the drawbacks of state-of-the-art machine controls for ultra precision processes. Current control systems are often realized as decentralized solutions consisting of various computational hardware c

关键词： Ultra precision machining fully integrated control highly dynamic axes FPGA EtherCAT.

Detailed Micro Raman Spectroscopy Analysis of Doped Silicon Thin Film Layers and Its Feasibility for Heterojunction Silicon Wafer Solar Cells

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2013年第5期1卷 1-14页

作者： Z. P. Ling J. Ge R. stangl A. G. Aberle T. Mueller Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering Singapore

Hydrogenated doped silicon thin films deposited using RF (13.56 MHz) PECVD were studied in detail using micro Raman spectroscopy to investigate the impact of doping gas flow, film thickness, and substrate type on the film characteristics. In particular, by deconvoluting the micro Raman spectra into amorphous and crystalline components, qualitative and quantitative information such as bond angle disorder, bond length, film stress, and film crystallinity can be determined. By selecting the optimum doped silicon thin film deposition conditions, and combining our p-doped and n-doped silicon thin films in different heterojunction structures, we demonstrate both (i) an efficient field effect passivation and (ii) further improvement to c-Si/a-Si:H(i) interface defect density with observed improvement in implied open-circuit voltage VOC and minority carrier lifetimes across all injections levels of interest. In particular, the heterojunction structure (a-Si:H(p)/a-Si:H(i)/c-Si(n)/a-Si:H(i)/a-Si:H(p)) demonstrates a minority carrier lifetime of 2.4 ms at an injection level of 1015 cm-3, and a high implied open-circuit voltage of 725 mV. Simulation studies reveal a strong dependence of the interface defect density Dit on the heterojunction silicon wafer solar cell performance, affected by the deposition conditions of the overlying doped silicon thin film layers. Using our films, and a fitted Dit of 5 × 1010 cm-2·eV-1, we demonstrate that a solar cell efficiency of ~22.5% can be potentially achievable.

关键词： Raman Spectroscopy Heterojunction Silicon Wafer Solar Cells Doped Silicon Simulation Passivation

Generalizable items of quantitative and qualitative cornerstones for personnel requirement of physicians in anesthesia

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2017年第2期6卷 91-98页

作者： manfred Weiss Rolf Rossaint Thomas Iber Department of Anesthesiology University Hospital Ulm Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine University Hospital Aachen Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Klinikum Mittelbaden Baden-Baden/Bühl

Anesthesiologists perform a broad spectrum of tasks. However, in many countries, there is no legal basis for personnel staffing of physicians in anesthesia. Also, the German diagnosis related groups system for refunding does not deliver such a basis. Thus, in 2006 a new calculation base for the personnel requirement that included an Excel calculation sheet was introduced by the German Board of Anesthesiologists(BDA) and the German Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine(DGAI), and updated in 2009 and 2015. Oriented primarily to organizational needs, in 2015, BDA/DGAI defined quantitative and qualitative cornerstones for personnel requirement of physicians in anesthesia, especially reflecting recent laws governing physician's working conditions and competence in the field of anesthesia, as well as demands of strengthened legal rights of patients, patient care and safety. We present a workload-oriented model, integrating core working hours, shift work or standby duty, quality of care, efficiency of processes, legal, educational, controlling, local, organizational and economic aspects for calculating personnel demands. Auxiliary tables enable physicians to calculate personnel demands due to differing employee workload, non-patient oriented tasks and reimbursement of full-equivalents due to parental leave, prohibition of employment, or longterm illness. After 10 years of experience with the first calculation tool, we report the generalizable key aspects and items of a necessary calculation tool which may help physicians to justify realistic workload-oriented personnel staffing demands in anesthesia. A modular, flexiblenature of a calculation tool should allow adaption to the respective legal and organizational demands of different countries.

关键词： Anesthesia Service time Organization Personnel requirement Working time directive Continuing medical education Patient rights Patient safety

Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) Specifications for Flavourings

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TiNiHf/SiO_(2)/Si shape memory film composites for bidirectional micro actuation

第三届中国香料香精高层论坛

作者： manfred Lützow

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2022年第2期13卷 293-314页

作者： Sabrina M.Curtis Marian Sielenkamper Gowtham Arivanandhan Duygu Dengiz Zixiong Li Justin Jetter Lisa Hanke Lars Bumke Eckhard Quandt Stephan Wulfinghoff manfred Kohl Institute for Materials Science Kiel University(CAU)KielGermany Materials Science and Engineering University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUnited States Institute of Microstructure Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)KarlsruheGermany

The martensitic phase transformation in Ti_(40.4)Ni_(48)Hf_(11.6) shape memory alloys is leveraged for bi-directional actuation with TiNiHf/SiO_(2)/Si *** shape memory properties of magnetron sputtered Ti_(40.4)Ni_(48)Hf_(11.6) films annealed at 635℃-5 min are influenced by film thickness and the underlying *** TiNiHf film thick-ness from 21μm to 110 nm results in the reduction of all characteristic transformation temperatures until a critical thickness is ***,Ti_(40.4)Ni_(48)Hf_(11.6) thin films as low as 220 nm show transfor-mations above room temperature when deposited on SiO_(2) buffer layer,which is of great interest in *** comparison,220 nm films on Si substrates are austenitic at room temperature,and thus not suitable for *** fatigue tests on TiNiHf/SiO_(2)/Si bimorphs demonstrate better functional fatigue characteristics than freestanding films,with an average reduction of 15℃ after 125 cycles,with tempera-ture stabilization *** bi-directional actuation results are promising in the development of bistable actuators within a PMMA/TiNiHf/Si trimorph composite,whereby the additional PMMA layer undergoes a glass transition at 105℃.With the aid of constitutive modeling,a route is elaborated on how bistable actuation can be achieved at micro-to nanoscales by showing favorable thickness combinations of PMMA/TiNiHf/Si composite.

关键词： Bimorph microactuator NiTiHf bistable actuator shape memory alloy thin films