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Blockchain-based DDoS attack mitigation protocol for device-to-device interaction in smart home

Digital Communications and Networks 2023年第2期9卷 383-392页

作者： Bello Musa Yakubu majid iqbal Khan Abid Khan Farhana Jabeen Gwanggil Jeon Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Chulalongkorn UniversityBangkok10330Thailand Department of Computer Science COMSATS University Islamabad(CUI)Islamabad45550Pakistan College of Science and Engineering University of DerbyDerbyDE221GBUnited Kingdom Department of Embedded Systems Engineering Incheon National UniversityIncheon22012South Korea

Smart home devices are vulnerable to a variety of *** matter gets more complicated when a number of devices collaborate to launch a colluding attack(e.g.,Distributed-Denial-of-Service(DDoS))in a network(e.g.,Smart home).To handle these attacks,most studies have hitherto proposed authentication protocols that cannot necessarily be implemented in devices,especially during Device-to-Device(D2D)*** into the potential of Ethereum blockchain and smart contracts,this work proposes a lightweight authentication mechanism that enables safe D2D interactions in a smart *** Ethereum blockchain enables the implementation of a decentralized prototype as well as a peer-to-peer distributed ledger *** work also uses a single server queuing system model and the authentication mechanism to curtail DDoS attacks by controlling the number of service requests in the *** simulation was conducted twenty times,each with varying number of devices chosen at random(ranging from 1 to 30).Each requester device sends an arbitrary request with a unique resource requirement at a *** is done to measure the system's consistency across a variety of device *** experimental results show that the proposed protocol not only prevents colluding attacks,but also outperforms the benchmark protocols in terms of computational cost,message processing,and response times.

关键词： DDoS attack Device-to-device Smart homes Blockchain Authentication Ethereum smartcontract

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Floristic composition and ecological gradient analyses of the Liakot Forests in the Kalam region of District Swat,Pakistan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第4期30卷 1407-1416页

作者： Sohail Anwar Shujaul Mulk Khan Zeeshan Ahmad Zahid Ullah majid iqbal Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan Centre for Plant Science and Biodiversity University of SwatSwat 19130Pakistan

Kalam Kohistan is a dry,temperate hilly region in the Hindu Raj Series of the Greater Hindu Kush Mountains with diverse *** plant distribution and composition is expression of a range of various environmental variables,ecological and floristic attributes of vegetation in the Laikot Forests were therefore evaluated via consecutive explorative *** forests have not been evaluated ecologically before due to harsh climatic conditions and issues of accessibility and the study in hand is one of the first in its *** ecological techniques were used to sample forest vegetation and identify species in quadrats of 2 m×2 m for herbs,5 m×5 m for shrubs and 10 m×10 m for *** the data of 195 plant species and environmental factors were analyzed via Two-way Cluster Analysis and Canonical Correspondence Analysis using PCORD and CANOCO *** 195 plant species from 63 families were 27 species of Asteraceae,the most-speciose family,followed by Poaceae(20 spp.).The dominant life form was therophyte(86 spp.;44%share),followed by phanerophyte(41 spp.;21%share).For the leaf size spectrum,most prevalent was nanophyll(73 spp.;44%)followed by microphyll(66 spp.,34%)and mesophyll(44 spp.;23%).Calcium carbonate,pH,potassium,sand,silt,organic matter,slope aspect and grazing significantly influenced species composition,distribution and *** floristic variation in the region was diverse due to elevational and aspect gradients and thus devided into three *** vegetation zonation can be utilized for forest management,species and habitat *** in situ and ex situ conservation of threatened plant species may improve their conservation status in future if address properly.

关键词： Floristic composition Ecological factors Life form spectra Leaf form classes Elevation zones Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)

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The role of graveyards in species conservation and beta diversity:a vegetation appraisal of sacred habitats from Bannu,Pakistan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第4期31卷 1147-1158页

作者： Saqib Kamran Shujaul Mulk Khan Zeeshan Ahmad Amjad Ur Rahman majid iqbal Fazal Manan Zahoor Ul Haq Saif Ullah Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan

Graveyards or sacred groves are often places of natural vegetation protected by spiritual believers because of their sacred beliefs and indigenous culture.A study of graveyards was conducted to determine their role in species conservation,community formation,and associated indicators and species composition using multivariate statistical *** was hypothesized that variations in the age of graveyards would give rise to diverse plant communities under the impact of various edaphic and climatic *** ecological techniques were applied to determine various phytosociological *** the data were put in MS Excel for analysis in PCORD and CANOCO softwares for cluster analysis(CA),two-way cluster analysis(TWCA),indicator species analysis and canonical correspondence *** and TWCA through Sorenson distance measurements identified five major graveyard plant communities:(1)FicusBougainvillea-Chenopodium;(2)Acacia-Datura-Convolvulus;(3)Ziziphus-Vitex-Abutilon;(4)Acacia-Lantana-Salsola;and(5)*** such as Capparis decidua,Herniaria hirsuta,Salvadora oliedes and Populus euphratica were only present inside graveyards rather than outside and advocate the role of graveyards in species *** impact of different environmental and climatic variables plus the age of the graveyards were also assessed for comparison of plant communities and their respective indicator *** results indicate that higher chlorine concentration,age of graveyards,low soil electrical conductivity,lower anthropogenic activities,higher nitrogen,calcium and magnesium concentrations in the soil,and sandy soils were the strong environmental variables playing a significant role in the formation of graveyard plant communities,their associated indicators and species distribution *** results could further be utilized to evaluate the role of edaphic and climatic factors,indicator species and conservation management practices at a gr

关键词： Graveyards/Sacred groves Plant communities Multivariate statistical techniques Indicator species Edaphic factors Conservation PCORD software

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Advancement in Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control Using PMU’s Model in MATLAB/SIMULINK

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2012年第4期3卷 294-307页

作者： Waheed Ur Rahman Muhammad Ali Amjad Ullah Hafeez Ur Rahman majid iqbal Haseeb Ahmad Adnan Zeb Zeeshan Ali M. Ahsan Shahzad Beenish Taj Electrical Engineering Department COMSATS Institute of Information & Technology Abbottabad Pakistan Electrical Engineering Department Gandhara Institute of Science & Technology Peshawar Pakistan Electrical Engineering Department NWFP University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar Pakistan IT Department Hazara University Havelian Abbottabad.

A big step forward to improve power system monitoring and performance, continued load growth without a corresponding increase in transmission resources has resulted in reduced operational margins for many power systems worldwide and has led to operation of power systems closer to their stability limits and to power exchange in new patterns. These issues, as well as the on-going worldwide trend towards deregulation of the entire industry on the one hand and the increased need for accurate and better network monitoring on the other hand, force power utilities exposed to this pressure to demand new solutions for wide area monitoring, protection and control. Wide-area monitoring, protection, and control require communicating the specific-node information to a remote station but all information should be time synchronized so that to neutralize the time difference between information. It gives a complete simultaneous snap shot of the power system. The conventional system is not able to satisfy the time-synchronized requirement of power system. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is enabler of time-synchronized measurement, it communicate the synchronized local information to remote station.

关键词： Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control (WAMPAC) Phasor Measurement uNit (PMU) Wide Area Monitoring (WAM) Global Positioning System (GPS) Wide Area Controller (WAC) Local Area Controller (LAC) Phase Angle Monitoring (PAM) Automatic Generation Control (AGC) Circuit Breaker (CB) Current Transformers (CTs) Potential Transformers (PTs)

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Vagus nerve stimulation in intracerebral hemorrhage:the need for further research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3213-3214页

作者： Sheharyar S.Baig Ali N.Ali Arshad majid Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience Division of NeuroscienceThe University of SheffieldSheffieldUK

Vagus nerve stimulation(VNS)and stroke:Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide(Baig et al.,2023).There have been significant paradigm shifts in the management of acute ischemic stroke through mechanical *** chronic ischemic stroke,invasive VNS paired with rehabilitation is associated with a significant increase in upper limb motor recovery and is FDA-approved(Baig et al.,2023).There are no treatments of similar efficacy in acute intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)where several promising trials,e.g.,TICH-2,STOP-AUST,and TRAIGE did not show improvements in functional outcomes(Puy et al.,2023).

关键词： stimulation acute

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Novel Scheme for Robust Confusion Component Selection Based on Pythagorean Fuzzy Set

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 6523-6534页

作者： Nabilah Abughazalah Mohsin iqbal majid Khan Iqtadar Hussain Department of Mathematical Sciences College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics&Statistics Riphah International UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of Applied Mathematics&Statistics Institute of Space TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Mathematics Program Department of MathematicsStatistics and PhysicsCollege of Arts and SciencesQatar University2713DohaQatar Statistical Consulting Unit College of Arts and ScienceQatar UniversityDohaQatar

The substitution box,often known as an S-box,is a nonlinear component that is a part of several block *** purpose is to protect cryptographic algorithms from a variety of cryptanalytic assaults.A Multi-Criteria Decision Making(MCDM)problem has a complex selection procedure because of having many options and criteria to choose *** of this,statistical methods are necessary to assess the performance score of each S-box and decide which option is the best one available based on this *** the Pythagorean Fuzzy-based Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)method,the major objective of this investigation is to select the optimal S-box to be implemented from a pool of twelve key *** the help of the Pythagorean fuzzy set(PFS),the purpose of this article is to evaluate whether this nonlinear component is suitable for use in a variety of encryption *** this article,we have considered various characteristics of S-boxes,including nonlinearity,algebraic degree,strict avalanche criterion(SAC),absolute indicator,bit independent criterion(BIC),sum of square indicator,algebraic immunity,transparency order,robustness to differential cryptanalysis,composite algebraic immunity,signal to noise ratio-differential power attack(SNR-DPA),and confusion coefficient variance on some standard S-boxes that are Advanced Encryption Following this,the findings of the investigation are changed into Pythagorean fuzzy numbers in the shape of a *** matrix is then subjected to an analysis using the TOPSIS method,which is dependent on the Pythagorean fuzzy set,to rank the most suitable S-box for use in encryption applications.

关键词： Decision making substitution box TOPSIS multi-criterion decision making fuzzy set Pythagorean fuzzy set

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Characterization of ion irradiated silicon surfaces ablated by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第8期27卷 505-510页

作者： T iqbal M Abrar M B Tahir M Seemab A majid S Rafique Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences University of Gujrat Hafiz Hayat Campus Department of Physics Hazara University Mansehra Department of Physics University of Engineering and Technology (UET)Lahore Pakistan

Low energy metallic ions, generated by a Q-switched Nd：YAG laser （1064-nm wavelength, 10-mJ energy, 9-nm 12-ns-pulse width, 1011 W/cm2 intensity） irradiated on a silicon substrate to modify various properties, such as electrical, morphological, and structural modifications. Thomson parabola technique is used to calculate the energy of these metallic ions whereas the electrical conductivity is calculated with the help of Four-point probe. Interestingly circular tracks forming chain like damage trails are produced via these energetic ions which are carefully examined by optical microscopy. It is observed that excitation, ionization, and cascade collisions are responsible for surface modifications of irradiated samples. Four-point probe analysis revealed that the electrical conductivity of substrate has reduced with increasing trend of atomic number of irradiated metallic ions （A1, Ti, Cu, and Au）. The x-ray diffraction analysis elucidated the crystallographic changes leading to reduction of grain size of N-type silicon substrate, which is also associated with the metallic ions used. The decreasing trend of conductivity and grain size is due to thermal stresses, scattering effect, structural imperfections, and non-uniform conduction of energy absorbed by substrate atoms after the ion irradiation.

关键词： ablation Thomson parabola technique four-point probe

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Comparative study of living donor kidney transplants:Right vs left

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World Journal of Transplantation 2025年第1期15卷 115-123页

作者： Taqi Khan Nadeem Ahmad Qaisar iqbal Muneeb Hassan Lajward Asnath Naveed Khan Sajid Shakeel Kidney Transplant Unit Rehman Medical InstitutePeshawar 25100Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Surgery Princess Noura Binti AbdulRehman UniversityRiyadh 84428Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND Transplant teams often hesitate to use the right kidney(RK)in living donor(LD)transplants due to the complexities of anastomosing the short,thin-walled right renal veins,which can potentially lead to graft loss or graft ***,circumstances may arise where selecting the RK over the left kidney(LK)is ***,it is crucial to thoroughly examine the implications of such a choice on the overall transplant *** To compare transplant outcomes between recipients of RK and LK while examining the factors that influence these *** We retrospectively analyzed data from adult patients who received LD kidney transplants involving meticulous patient selection and surgical techniques at our center from January 2020 to December *** included all kidney donors who were over 18,fit to donate,and had undergone diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid split function and/or computed tomography based *** variables examined comprised donor and recipient demographics,and outcome measures included technical graft loss(TGL),delayed or slow graft function(SGF),and post-transplant serum creatinine(SC)*** used a logistic regression model to assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes considering the donor kidney *** Of the 250 transplants performed during the period,56(22%)were *** recipient demographics and transplant factors were comparable for the right and LKs,except that the donor warm and cold ischemia time were shorter for *** and SGF each occurred in 2%(n=1)of RKs and 0.5%(n=1)of LKs,the difference being *** complications,however,were not related to the venous *** RK(2%)developed delayed graft function after 48 hours,which was attributable to postoperative hypoxia rather than the surgical *** post-transplant SC trend and mean SC at the last follow-up were similar across both kidney *** The donor kidney side has little impact on post-transplant

关键词： Living donor Right kidney Right renal vein Venous anastomosis Technical graft loss Early graft function

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An Efficient Internet Traffic Classification System Using Deep Learning for IoT

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 407-422页

作者： Muhammad Basit Umair Zeshan iqbal Muhammad Bilal Jamel Nebhen Tarik Adnan Almohamad Raja majid Mehmood Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47050Pakistan Division of Computer and Electronics Systems Engineering Hankuk University of Foreign StudiesYongin-siKorea Electrical-Electronics Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringKarabük University78050KarabükTurkey Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University College of Computer Engineering and SciencesAlkharj11942Saudi Arabia Information and Communication Technology Department School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringXiamen University MalaysiaSepang43900Malaysia

Internet of Things(IoT)defines a network of devices connected to the internet and sharing a massive amount of data between each other and a central *** IoT devices are connected to a network therefore prone to *** management tasks and network operations such as security,intrusion detection,Quality-of-Service provisioning,performance monitoring,resource provisioning,and traffic engineering require traffic *** to the ineffectiveness of traditional classification schemes,such as port-based and payload-based methods,researchers proposed machine learning-based traffic classification systems based on shallow neural ***,machine learning-based models incline to misclassify internet traffic due to improper feature *** this research,an efficient multilayer deep learning based classification system is presented to overcome these challenges that can classify internet *** examine the performance of the proposed technique,Moore-dataset is used for training the *** proposed scheme takes the pre-processed data and extracts the flow features using a deep neural network(DNN).In particular,the maximum entropy classifier is used to classify the internet *** experimental results show that the proposed hybrid deep learning algorithm is effective and achieved high accuracy for internet traffic classification,i.e.,99.23%.Furthermore,the proposed algorithm achieved the highest accuracy compared to the support vector machine(SVM)based classification technique and k-nearest neighbours(KNNs)based classification technique.

关键词： Deep learning internet traffic classification network traffic management QoS aware application classification

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High HbA1c is associated with higher risk of ischaemic stroke in Pakistani population without diabetes

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2016年第3期1卷 133-139页

作者： Ali Zohair Nomani Sumaira Nabi Shahzad Ahmed Mansoor iqbal Haris majid Rajput Suhail Rao Department of Neurology Pakistan institute of Medical SciencesIslamabadPakistan

Context:The role of glycated haemoglobin(HbA1c)in the prediction of ischaemic stroke in individuals without diabetes is ***:We performed a study to analyse the role of HbA1c in the risk prediction of ischaemic stroke in Pakistani population without *** further studied the difference between HbA1c values of individuals with diabetes and without diabetes with *** and design:Single centre,case–*** and methods:In phase I,a total of 233 patients without diabetes with ischaemic stroke and 245 as controls were *** of HbA1c levels,lipid profiles and blood pressure recordings with ischaemic stroke was *** phase II,comparison was done between diabetics and nondiabetics with *** analysis:Comparison of the mean variables was performed with Student’s *** regression analysis with ischaemic stroke as the dependent variable was performed for phase ***:In phase I,the ischaemic stroke group had significantly higher HbA1c levels(5.9±2.9%vs 5.5±1.6%)compared with controls(p0.05).Conclusions:Higher HbA1c indicated a significantly increased risk for ischaemic *** HbA1c value above 5.6%(prediabetic range)predicted future risk of stroke and efforts to maintain glucose level within the normal range(≤5.6%)in individuals with high cardiovascular risk are important.

关键词： diabetes cholesterol cardiovascular

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