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CNR:A Cluster-Based Solution for Connectivity Restoration for Mobile WSNs

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第12期69卷 3413-3427页

作者： mahmood ul hassan Amin Al-Awady Khalid mahmood Shahzad Ali Ibrahim Algamdi Muhammad Kashif Saeed Safdar Zaman Department of Computer Skills Najran UniversityNajran66241Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Science and ArtsKing Khalid UniversityMahayil Asir63317Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Jouf UniversityTabarjal76769Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Community College Mahayil AsirKing Khalid UniversityMahayil63317Saudi Arabia Federal Directorate of Education Department of Computer ScienceIslamabad44000Pakistan

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)are an integral part of the Internet of Things(IoT)and are widely used in a plethora of ***,sensor networks operate in harsh environments where human intervention is often restricted,which makes battery replacement for sensor nodes *** failure due to battery drainage or harsh environmental conditions poses serious challenges to the connectivity of the *** a connectivity restoration mechanism,node failures ultimately lead to a network partition,which affects the basic function of the sensor ***,the research community actively concentrates on addressing and solving the challenges associated with connectivity restoration in sensor *** energy is a scarce resource in sensor networks,it becomes the focus of research,and researchers strive to propose new solutions that are energy *** common issue that is well studied and considered is how to increase the network’s life span by solving the node failure problem and achieving efficient energy *** paper introduces a Clusterbased Node Recovery(CNR)connectivity restoration mechanism based on the concept of *** is a well-known mechanism in sensor networks,and it is known for its energy-efficient operation and *** proposed technique utilizes a distributed cluster-based approach to identify the failed nodes,while Cluster Heads(CHs)play a significant role in the restoration of *** simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed technique and compare it with the existing *** simulation results show that the proposed technique efficiently addresses node failure and restores connectivity by moving fewer nodes than other existing connectivity restoration *** proposed mechanism also yields an improved field coverage as well as a lesser number of packets exchanged as compared to existing state-of-the-art mechanisms.

关键词： WSNs CHs CNR transmission range connectivity restoration node failure cluster communication range

Boron and Zinc Transport Through Intact Columns of Calcareous Soils

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Pedosphere 2008年第4期18卷 524-532页

作者： M. mahmood-ul-hassan M. S. AKHTAR G. NABI Institute of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences National Agricultural Research Center Islamabad 45500(Pakistan).

Leaching of boron （B） and zinc （Zn） can be significant in some pedomorphic conditions, which can cause contamination of shallow groundwater and economic losses. Boron and Zn adsorption and transport was studied using 8.4 cm diameter × 28 cm long intact columns from two calcareous soil series with differing clay contents and vadose zone structures： Lyallpur soil series, clay loam （fine-silty, mixed, hyperthermic Ustalfic Haplargid）, and Sultanpur soil series, sandy loam （coarse-silty, mixed, hyperthermic Ustollic Camborthid）. The adsorption isotherms were developed by equilibrating soil with 0.01 tool L^-1 CaCl2 aqueous solution containing varying amounts of B and Zn and were fitted to the Langmuir equation. The B and Zn breakthrough curves were fitted to the two-domain convective-dispersive equation. At the end of the leaching experiment, 0.11 L 10 g L^-1 blue dye solution was also applied to each column to mark the flow paths. The Lyallpur soil columns had a slightly greater adsorption partition coefficient both for B and Zn than the Sultanpur soil columns. In the Lyallpur soil columns, B arrival was immediate but the peak concentration ratio （the concentration in solution at equilibrium/concentration applied） was lower than that in the Sultanpur soil columns. The breakthrough of B in the Sultanpur soil columns occurred after about 10 cm of cumulative drainage in both the columns; the rise in effluent concentration was fast and the peak concentration ratio was almost 1. Zinc leaching through the soil columns was very limited as only one column from the Lyallpur soil series showed Zn breakthrough in the effluent where the peak concentration ratio was only 0.05. This study demonstrates the effect of soil structure on B transport and has implications for the nutrient management in field soils.

关键词： adsorption isotherm boron intact soil column transport parameters zinc

An Efficient Connectivity Restoration Technique(ECRT)for Wireless Sensor Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第10期69卷 1003-1019页

作者： mahmood ul hassan Shahzad Ali Khalid mahmood Muhammad Kashif Saeed Amin Al-Awady Kamran Javed Ansar Munir Shah Department of Computer Skills Preparatory yearNajran UniversityNajran66241Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Jouf UniversityTubarjal74769Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Science and ArtsKing Khalid UniversityMahayil Asir63317Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Community College Mahayil AsirKing Khalid UniversityMahayil63718Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering National University of Technology(NUTECH)Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Institute of Southern PunjabMultan60000Pakistan

Node failure in Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)is a fundamental problem because WSNs operate in hostile *** failure of nodes leads to network partitioning that may compromise the basic operation of the sensor *** deal with such situations,a rapid recovery mechanism is required for restoring inter-node *** to the immense importance and need for a recovery mechanism,several different approaches are proposed in the ***,the proposed approaches have shortcomings because they do not focus on energy-efficient operation and coverage-aware mechanisms while performing connectivity ***,most of these approaches rely on the excessive mobility of nodes for restoration connectivity that affects both coverage and energy *** paper proposes a novel technique called ECRT(Efficient Connectivity Restoration Technique).This technique is capable of restoring connectivity due to single and multiple node *** achieves energy efficiency by transmitting a minimal number of control *** is also coverage-aware as it relocates minimal nodes while trying to restore *** the help of extensive simulations,it is proven that ECRT is effective in connectivity restoration for single and multiple node *** also show that ECRT exchanges a much smaller number of packets than other ***,it also yields the least reduction in field coverage,proving its versatility for connectivity restoration.

关键词： Cut-vertex failure recovery network connectivity node relocation wireless sensor network node failures

Zinc Application Affects Tissue Zinc Concentration and Seed Yield of Pea(Pisum sativum L.)

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Pedosphere 2015年第2期25卷 275-281页

作者： Ejaz RAFIQUE Munazza YOUSRA Muhammad mahmood-ul-hassan Sair SARWAR Tauseef TABASSAM Tayyaba K.CHOUDHARY Land Resources Research Institute National Agricultural Research Centre

A 2-year field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of applied zinc(Zn) on the seed yield of pea(Pisum sativum L.) and to determine the internal Zn requirement of pea with emphasis on the seed and leaves as index *** experiment was carried out at two different locations(Talagang,Chakwal district and National Agricultural Research Centre(NARC),Islamabad) in the Potohar Plateau,Pakistan by growing three pea cultivars(Green feast,Climax,and Meteor).The soils were fertilized with 0,2,4,8,and 16 kg Zn ha^(-1) along with recommended basal fertilization of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K),and boron(B).Zinc application increased seed yield significantly for all the three *** increase in the pea seed yield(2-year mean) was21%and 15%for Green feast,28%and 21%for Climax,and 34%and 26%for Meteor at Talagang and NARC,*** all cultivars,Zn concentrations in leaves and seed increased to varying extents as a result of Zn *** Zn requirement for near-maximum seed yield varied from 3.2 to 5.3 kg ha^(-1) for different *** concentrations of leaves and seeds appeared to be a good indicator of soil Zn *** critical Zn concentration range sufficient for 95%maximum yield(internal Zn requirement)was 42-53 mg kg^(-1) in the pea leaves and 45-60 mg kg^(-1) in the seeds of the three pea cultivars studied.

关键词： calcareous soils diagnostic criteria vegetable crops zinc fertiliser zinc uptake

Development and challenges of green food in China

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第1期7卷 56-66页

作者： mahmood ul hassan Xin WEN Jiuliang XU Jiahui ZHONG Xuexian LI Department of Plant Nutrition The Key Plant-Soil Interaction LaboratoryMinistry of EvironmentChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China National Academy of Agriculture Green Development China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Chinese Academy of Green Food Development Beijing 100193China

Green food in China refers to a wide array of primary and processed agricultural products that are safe,nutritious and of high quality for human *** food has been certified and produced following the principle of sustainability since the 1990 s,making historic achievements in providing quality food,protecting the environment,increasing farmer income,and nurturing agricultural brands over the past 30 years in ***,the green food industry enters a steady-growth stage in terms of cultivation area,product number and *** article summarizes the history of the development of green food in China and current achievements,analyze major challenges that may hamper further development of the industry,and propose strategies to address these challenges,i.e.,optimization of the food supply chain,deep food processing,and utilization of food wastes.

关键词： green food food losses storage processing transportation sustainability

Improved-Equalized Cluster Head Election Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第1期44卷 845-858页

作者： Muhammad Shahzeb Ali Ali Alqahtani Ansar Munir Shah Adel Rajab mahmood ul hassan Asadullah Shaikh Khairan Rajab Basit Shahzad Department of Computer Science Institute of Southern PunjabMultan5932Pakistan College of Computer Science and Information Systems Najran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Skills Deanship of Preparatory YearNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Engineering National University of Modern LanguagesIslamabad44000Pakistan

Throughout the use of the small battery-operated sensor nodes encou-rage us to develop an energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks(WSNs).The development of an energy-efficient routing protocol is a mainly adopted technique to enhance the lifetime of *** routing protocols are available,but the issue is still *** is one of the most important techniques in the existing routing *** the clustering-based model,the important thing is the selection of the cluster *** this paper,we have proposed a scheme that uses the bubble sort algorithm for cluster head selection by considering the remaining energy and the distance of the nodes in each ***,the bubble sort algorithm chose the two nodes with the maximum remaining energy in the cluster and chose a cluster head with a small *** proposed scheme performs hierarchal routing and direct routing with some energy *** simulation will be performed in MATLAB to justify its performance and results and compared with the ECHERP model to justify its ***,the simulations will be performed in two scenarios,gate-way-based and without gateway to achieve more energy-efficient results.

关键词： Bubble sort algorithm gateway energy thresholds wireless sensor networks

ILSM:Incorporated Lightweight Security Model for Improving QOS in WSN

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第8期46卷 2471-2488页

作者： Ansar Munir Shah Mohammed Aljubayri Muhammad Faheem Khan Jarallah Alqahtani mahmood ul hassan Adel Sulaiman Asadullah Shaikh Insitute of Southern Punjab MultanPakistan College of Computer Science and Information Systems Najran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Skills Deanship of Preparatory YearNajran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia

In the network field,Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)contain prolonged attention due to afresh *** like health care,traffic,defense,and many more systems espoused the *** networks contain tiny sensor nodes containing embedded processors,TinyOS,memory,and power *** nodes are responsible for forwarding the data *** manage all these components,there is a need to select appropriate parameters which control the quality of service of *** sensor nodes are involved in transmitting vital information,and there is a need for secure and efficient routing to reach the quality of *** due to the high cost of the network,WSN components have limited resources to manage the *** is a need to design a lightweight solution that ensures the quality of service in *** this given manner,this study provides the quality of services in a wireless sensor network with a security *** incorporated hybrid lightweight security model is designed in which random waypoint mobility(RWM)model and grey wolf optimization(GWO)is used to enhance service quality and maintain security with efficient *** version 16 andNetwork Stimulator 2.35(NS2.35)are used in this research to evaluate the *** overall cost factor is reduced at 60%without the optimization technique and 90.90%reduced by using the optimization technique,which is assessed by calculating the signal-to-noise ratio,overall energy nodes,and communication overhead.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks quality of service random waypoint mobility model grey wolf optimization security

An Automated and Real-time Approach of Depression Detection from Facial Micro-expressions

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 2513-2528页

作者： Ghulam Gilanie mahmood ul hassan Mutyyba Asghar Ali Mustafa Qamar Hafeez ullah Rehan ullah Khan Nida Aslam Irfan ullah Khan Department of Artificial Intelligence Faculty of ComputingThe Islamia University of BahawalpurPakistan Department of Computer Skills Deanship of Preparatory YearNajran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia Biophotonics Imaging Techniques Laboratory Institute of PhysicsThe Islamia University of BahawalpurPakistan Department of Information Technology College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia

Depression is a mental psychological disorder that may cause a physical disorder or lead to *** is highly impactful on the socialeconomical life of a person;therefore,its effective and timely detection is *** speech and gait,facial expressions have valuable clues to *** study proposes a depression detection system based on facial expression *** features have been used for depression detection using Support Vector Machine(SVM)and Convolutional Neural Network(CNN).We extracted micro-expressions using Facial Action Coding System(FACS)as Action Units(AUs)correlated with the sad,disgust,and contempt features for depression detection.A CNN-based model is also proposed in this study to auto classify depressed subjects from images or videos in *** have been performed on the dataset obtained from Bahawal Victoria Hospital,Bahawalpur,Pakistan,as per the patient health questionnaire depression scale(PHQ-8);for inferring the mental condition of a *** experiments revealed 99.9%validation accuracy on the proposed CNN model,while extracted features obtained 100%accuracy on ***,the results proved the superiority of the reported approach over state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Depression detection facial micro-expressions facial landmarked images

Efficient Energy and Delay Reduction Model for Wireless Sensor Networks

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第7期46卷 1153-1168页

作者： Arslan Iftikhar M.A.Elmagzoub Ansar Munir Hamad Abosaq Al Salem mahmood ul hassan Jarallah Alqahtani Asadullah Shaikh Institute of Southern Punjab Multan60000Pakistan College of Computer Science and Information Systems Najran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Skills Deanship of Preparatory YearNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia

In every network,delay and energy are crucial for communication and network *** wireless sensor networks,many tiny nodes create networks with high energy consumption and compute routes for better *** Sensor Networks(WSN)is a very complex scenario to compute minimal delay with data aggregation and energy *** this research,we compute minimal delay and energy efficiency for improving the quality of service of any *** proposed work is based on energy and distance parameters as taken dependent variables with data *** aggregation performs on different models,namely Hybrid-Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy(H-LEACH),Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy(LEACH),and Multi-Aggregator-based Multi-Cast(MAMC).The main contribution of this research is to a reduction in delay and optimized energy solution,a novel hybrid model design in this research that ensures the quality of service in *** model includes a whale optimization technique that involves heterogeneous functions and performs optimization to reach optimized *** cluster head selection,Stable Election Protocol(SEP)protocol is used and Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems(PEGASIS)is used for driven-path in *** results evaluate that H-LEACH provides minimal delay and energy consumption by sensor *** the comparison of existing theories and our proposed method,HLEACH is providing energy and delay reduction and improvement in quality of *** 2019 is used for simulation work.

关键词： Data aggregation wireless sensor network energy efficiency quality of services delay reduction