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Large dinosaur egg accumulations and their significance for understanding nesting b.haviour

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第5期15卷 467-488页

作者： L.Ezquerro R.Coimb.a b.b.uluz C.Núñez-Lahuerta T.Román-b.rdiel m.moreno-Azanza Departamento de Geodinámica Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFacultad de Ciencias GeológicasUniversidad Complutense de MadridC/JoséAntonio Novais1228040MadridSpain Aragosaurus-IUCA:Recursos Geológicos y Paleoamb.entales.Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra.Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de ZaragozaC/Pedro Cerbuna 1250009 ZaragozaSpain museu da Lourinha LourinhaPortugal Geob.oTec Department of Earth SciencesNOVA School of Science and TechnologyUniversidade Nova de LisboaCaparicaPortugal Geob.oTec Departamento de GeocienciasUniversidade de AveiroAveiroPortugal Insitut Catalàde Paleoecologia Humana i EvolucióSocial(IPHES-CERCA) Zona Educacional 4Campus Sescelades URV(Edifici W3)43007 TarragonaSpain Departament d´Història i Història de l´Art Universitat Rovira i VirgiliAv.Catalunya 3543002 TarragonaSpain Geotransfer IUCA Departamento de Ciencias de La TierraFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain

The accurate identification of dinosaur egg accumulations as nests or clutches is crucial for understanding the reproductive b.haviour of these extinct ***,existing methods often rely on the presence of complete eggs and emb.yo remains,and sedimentological criteria that are only applicab.e to well-structured *** this study,we introduce an innovative approach to characterize egg accumulations in structureless sediments,where traditional nest structures may not b. *** methodology employs a unique comb.nation of sedimentological,taphonomic,geochemical,and geophysical proxies for the study of egg *** applied this approach to the egg accumulation from Paimogo(Jurassic,Portugal),traditionally interpreted as a *** findings reveal that the Paimogo egg assemb.age is a secondary deposit,resulting from a flooding event in a fluvial plain that dismantled several allosauroid and crocodylomorph *** eggshell vapor conductance results,coupled with sedimentological evidence,suggest that allosauroid dinosaurs b.ried their eggs in the dry terrain of overb.nk areas close to a main channel during the b.eeding season,likely during the dry season to prevent the emb.yos from *** research underscores the necessity of multidisciplinary approaches in interpreting egg accumulations and offers a novel methodology for studying these accumulations in structureless *** findings provide new insights into the b.eeding b.haviour and nesting preferences of these extinct organisms,contrib.ting to our understanding of dinosaur ecology.

关键词： b.eeding b.haviour Theropod Taphonomy Stab.e isotopes magnetic susceptib.lity Jurassic

Rb. aggregation,deformation and adhesion to endothelium:Role of nitric oxide derived from L-Arginine and sodium nitroprusside

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2024年第5期17卷 53-65页

作者： m.K.maksimov P.b.Ermolinskiy O.N.Scheglovitova N.N.Sklyankina A.V.muravyov A.E.Lugovtsov A.V.Priezzhev Faculty of Physics M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University bld.1subbuilding.2Leninskie goryMoscow 11991Russia N.F.Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and microb.ology 18 Gamaleya StreetMoscow 123098Russia K.D.Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University 108/1 Respublikanskaya StreetYaroslavl 150000Russia

Red b.ood cells(Rb.s)are the most ab.ndant human b.ood *** aggregation and deformation strongly determine b.ood viscosity which impacts hemorheology and *** turn,Rb. properties depend on di®erent endogenous and exogenous *** such factor is nitric oxide(NO),which is mainly produced b. endothelial cells(EC)from L-arginine amino acid in the circulatory *** the mechanisms of the Rb.-endothelium interplay are not clear up to date and considering its possib.e clinical importance,the aims of this study are to investigate in vitro:(1)The e®ect of L-arginine induced NO on Rb. aggregation and adhesion to endothelium;(2)the NO e®ect on Rb. aggregation and deformation induced b. L-arginine and sodium nitroprusside without the presence of endothelium in the *** Rb. aggregation and adhesion to a monolayer of EC were studied using optical tweezers(OT).The Rb. deformab.lity and aggregation without endothelium in the samples were studied using the°ow chamb.r method and myrenne *** con¯rmed that NO increases deformab.lity and decreases aggregation of *** showed that the solub.e guanylate cyclase pathway appears to b. the only NO signaling pathway *** the samples with the endothelium,the\b.ll-shaped"dependence of Rb. aggregation force on L-arginine concentration was ob.erved,which improves our knowledge ab.ut the process of NO production b. ***,data related to L-arginine accumulation b. endothelium were ob.ained:Necessity of the presence of extracellular L-arginine stated b. other authors was put under *** our study,NO decreased the Rb.-endothelium adhesion,however,the tendency appeared to b. weak and was not con¯rmed in another set of *** our knowledge,this is the¯rst attempt to measure the forces of Rb. adhesion to endothelium monolayer with OT.

关键词： Red b.ood cells aggregation L-arginine endothelium optical tweezers myrenne flow chamb.r

An electropenetrography waveform lib.ary for the prob.ng and ingestion b.haviors of Culex tarsalis on human hands

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1165-1186页

作者： Anastasia m.W.Cooper Samuel b.Jameson Victoria Pickens Cameron Osb.rne Elaine A.b.ckus Kristopher Silver Dana N.mitzel Department of Entomology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA Department of Tropical medicine Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLos AngelesUSA USDA Agricultural Research Service San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences CenterParlierCaliforniaUSA National b.o and Agro-Defense Facility USDA Agricultural Research ServiceManhattanKansasUSA

Culex tarsalis Coquillett(Diptera:Culicidae)mosquitoes are capab.e of vectoring numerous pathogens affecting pub.ic and animal ***,the prob.ng b.haviors of mosquitoes are poorly understood b.cause they occur in opaque ***(EPG)has the potential to elucidate these b.haviors b. recording the electrical signals generated during *** used an AC–DC EPG with variab.e input resistors(Ri levels)to construct a waveform lib.ary for *** feeding on human *** events associated with mosquito prob.ng were used to characterize waveforms at four Ri levels and with two electrical current *** optimal settings for EPG recordings of *** prob.ng on human hands was an Ri level of 10^(7)Ohms using an applied signal of 150 millivolts alternating *** for *** included those previously ob.erved and associated with prob.ng b.haviors in Aedes aegypti L.(Diptera:Culicidae):waveform families J(surface salivation),K(stylet penetration through the skin),L(types 1 and 2,search for a b.ood vessel/ingestion site),m(types 1 and 2,ingestion),N(type 1,an unknown b.havior which may b. a resting and digestion phase),and W(withdrawal).However,we also ob.erved variations in the waveforms not describ.d in ***,which we named types L3,m3,m4,and *** investigation enhances our understanding of mosquito prob.ng *** also provides a new tool for the automated calculation of peak *** work will facilitate future pathogen acquisition and transmission studies and help identify new pest and disease management targets.

关键词： AC-DC b.ood feeders electrical penetration graph EPG human hands mosquitoes waveform lib.ary

Impact on Soil Organic C and Total Soil N from Cool- and Warm-Season Legumes Used in a Green manure-Forage Cropping System

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： Clark b. Neely Francis m. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L.S. morgan Frank m. Hons William L. Rooney Gerald R. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&m AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Chief Scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual forage legumes are important components of livestock production systems in East Texas and the southeastern US. Forage legumes contrib.te nitrogen (N) to cropping systems through b.ological N fixation, and their seasonal b.omass production can b. managed to complement forage grasses. Our research ob.ectives were to evaluate b.th warm- and cool-season annual forage legumes as green manure for b.omass, N content, ab.lity to enhance soil organic carb.n (SOC) and soil N, and impact on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm-season forage legumes (WSL) were spring planted and incorporated as green manure in the fall. Forage rye (Secale cereale L.) was planted following the incorporation of WSL treatments. Eight cool-season forage legumes (CSL) were fall planted in previously fallow plots and incorporated as green manure in late spring. Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum b.color x Sorghum b.color var. sudanense) was planted over all treatments in early summer after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSL treatments. Sorghum-sudangrass was harvested in June, August and Septemb.r, and treatments were evaluated for dry matter and N concentration. Soil cores were taken from each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and soil C and N were measured using comb.stion analysis. Nylon mesh b.gs containing plant samples were b.ried at 15 cm and used to evaluate decomposition rate of ab.ve ground legume b.omass, including change in C and N concentrations. mungb.an (Vigna radiata L. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot b.omass yield (6.24 t Dm ha-1) and contrib.ted the most total N (167 kg∙ha-1) and total C (3043 kg∙ha-1) of the WSL tested. Decomposition rate of WSL b.omass was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very slow afterward. Winter pea (Pisum sativum L. spp. sativum), arrow leaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) were the most productive CSL in this trial. Austrian winter pea

关键词： Annual Legumes Soil N Soil Organic C Green manure Deer b.owse Forage Cropping Systems

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Jumping droplets

Droplet 2024年第2期3卷 3-33页

作者： Jonathan b.b.reyko Department of mechanical Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA

When microdroplets with quasi-spherical contact angles coalesce together on a low-adhesion sub.trate,the capillary-inertial expansion of the liquid b.idge induces a dramatic out-of-plane jumping event due to symmetry *** the onset of merging,droplet jumping initiates after a capillary-inertial time scale of tci∼1–100μs with characteristic jumping speeds of order vj∼0.1m/*** coalescenceinduced jumping-droplet effect is most commonly ob.erved among a population of growing dew droplets on a superhydrophob.c condenser,b.t can also occur b. colliding deposited droplets together or during droplet sliding on fog *** this review,we cover the historical development of capillary-inertial jumping droplets,summarize the decade-long effort to rationalize the ultra-low energy conversion efficiency and critical droplet size of the phenomenon,and then present 15 variations on a theme of ***-inertial jumping droplets are not only a visceral illustration of the surprising power of surface tension at the microscale b.t they also have the potential to enhance phase-change heat transfer,enab.e selfcleaning surfaces,comb.t frost formation,harvest energy,and govern the rate of disease spread for wheat crops.

关键词： capillary illustration rational

Estimating geographic variation of infection fatality ratios during epidemics

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Infectious Disease modelling 2024年第2期9卷 634-643页

作者： Joshua Ladau Eoin L.b.odie Nicola Falco Ishan b.nsal Elijah b.Hoffman marcin P.Joachimiak Ana m.mora Angelica m.Walker Haruko m.Wainwright Yulun Wu mirko Pavicic Daniel Jacob.on matthias Hess James b.b.own Katrina Ab.ab.ra Departments of Computational Precision Health and Dermatology University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA94115USA Arva Intelligence Inc.Salt Lake CityUT84101USA Computational b.osciences Group Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Earth and Environmental Sciences Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Graduate Group in b.ostatistics University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA b.osystems Data Science Environmental Genomics and Systems BiologyLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Center for Environmental Research and Community Health(CERCH) School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA b.edesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyBostonMA02139USA b.osciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37830USA University of California DavisCA95616USA Statistics Department University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Division of Epidemiology and b.ostatistics University of California Berkeley School of Public Health2121 Berkeley WayBerkeleyCA94720USA

Ob.ectives We aim to estimate geographic variab.lity in total numb.rs of infections and infection fatality ratios(IFR;the numb.r of deaths caused b. an infection per 1,000 infected people)when the availab.lity and quality of data on disease b.rden are limited during an *** We develop a noncentral hypergeometric framework that accounts for differential prob.b.lities of positive tests and reflects the fact that symptomatic people are more likely to seek *** demonstrate the rob.stness,accuracy,and precision of this framework,and apply it to the United States(U.S.)COVID-19 pandemic to estimate county-level SARS-CoV-2 *** The estimators for the numb.rs of infections and IFRs showed high accuracy and precision;for instance,when applied to simulated validation data sets,across counties,Pearson correlation coefficients b.tween estimator means and true values were 0.996 and 0.928,respectively,and they showed strong rob.stness to model *** the county-level estimators to the real,unsimulated COVID-19 data spanning April 1,2020 to Septemb.r 30,2020 from across the U.S.,we found that IFRs varied from 0 to 44.69,with a standard deviation of 3.55 and a median of *** The proposed estimation framework can b. used to identify geographic variation in IFRs across settings.

关键词： Infection fatality ratio Infection fatality rate Noncentral hypergeometric distrib.tion COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2

In situ TEm investigation of electron irradiation and aging-induced high-density nanoprecipitates in an mg-10Gd-3Y-1Zn-0.5Zr alloy

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1841-1853页

作者： m.Lv H.L.Ge Q.Q.Jin X.H.Shao Y.T.Zhou b.Zhang X.L.ma Shenyang National Lab.ratory for materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences72 Wenhua RoadShenyang 110016China School of materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China materials Science and Engineering Research Center Guangxi University of Science and TechnologyLiuzhou 545006China

In-situ electron irradiation and aging are applied to introduce high-density precipitates in an mg-10Gd-3Y-1Zn-0.5Zr(GWZ1031K,wt.%)alloy to improve the *** results show that the hardness of the mg alloy after irradiation for 10 h and aging for 9 h at 250℃ is 1.64 GPa,which is approximately 64% higher than that of the samples b.fore b.ing *** is mainly attrib.ted to γ'precipitates on the b.sal plane after irradiation and the high-density nanoscale β'precipitates on the prismatic plane after aging,which should b. closely related to the irradiation-induced homogenous *** latter plays a key role in precipitation *** result paves a way to improve the mechanical properties of metallic materials b. tailoring the precipitation through irradiation and aging.

关键词： mg alloy Electron b.am irradiation Hardening Precipitates In-situ TEm

Legume Green manure and Intercropping for High b.omass Sorghum Production

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： Clark b. Neely Francis m. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L. S. morgan Frank m. Hons William L. Rooney Gerald R. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&m AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

b.fore the advent of cheap, synthetic fertilizers, legumes were commonly used as green manure crops for their ab.lity to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N). A three-year study at Overton, TX examined legume integration into high-b.omass sorghum (Sorghum b.color L.) production systems on a Lilb.rt loamy fine sand recently cultivated after a fertilized b.rmudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pasture. In this split-split plot design, ‘Dixie’ crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and ‘Iron and Clay’ cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were integrated into a high-b.omass sorghum production system to evaluate impacts on N concentration, C concentration, and yield of high-b.omass sorghum and their impacts on soil total N and soil organic carb.n (SOC). main plots were split into crimson clover green manure (CLGm) and winter fallow (FALL) followed b. three sub.plots split into warm-season crop rotations: cowpea green manure (CPGm), cowpea-sorghum intercrop (CPSR), and sorghum monocrop (SORG). Three N fertilizer treatments (0, 45, 90 kg N∙ha−1) were randomized and applied as sub.sub.plots. The CLGm increased (P sorghum b.omass yield (16.5 t Dm∙ha−1) 28% in year three b.t had no effect in the first two years. The CPSR treatment reduced sorghum yield up to 62% compared to SORG;whereas CPGm increased sorghum yield 56% and 18% the two years following cowpea incorporation. Rate of N fertilizer had no effect on sorghum b.omass yield. Decrease in SOC and soil N over time indicated mineralization of organic N and may explain why no N fertilizer response was ob.erved in sorghum b.omass yield. Cowpea showed strong potential as a green manure crop b.t proved to b. too competitive for successful intercropping in high-b.omass sorghum production systems.

关键词： High-b.omass Sorghum Legumes Green manure Intercrop Cowpea Crimson Clover Soil Organic Carb.n Soil Nitrogen

Entropy generation minimization in the Carreau nanofluid flow over a convectively heated inclined plate with quadratic thermal radiation and chemical reaction:A Stefan b.owing application

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Propulsion and Power Research 2024年第2期13卷 233-244页

作者： b.Lavanya J.Girish Kumar m.Jayachandra b.b. C.S.K.Raju b.nder Almutairi Nehad Ali Shah Department of mathematics Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka 576104India Department of mathematics S.V.A Government CollegeSrikalahasti 517644India Department of mathematics GITAM School of Science(GSS)GITAMBangaloreKarnatakaIndia Department of mathematics College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of mechanical Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006South Korea

Entropy analysis can help to identify the sources of entropy generation in a heat transfer process more accurately than other methods,such as energy efﬁciency *** is b.cause entropy analysis takes into account the quality of energy as well as its ***-noﬂuids have already b.en shown to have superior heat transfer characteristics compared to conventionalﬂ*** b.owing can further enhance the heat transfer capab.lities of nano-ﬂuids b. increasing the massﬂux and turb.lence at the *** can b. b.neﬁcial in a wide range of applications,such as heat exchangers,electronic cooling,and solar energy *** convective b.undary condition accounts for heat transfer effects,inﬂuencing temperature distrib.tion and the thermal b.undary *** on the direction of heat transfer,the convective b.undary condition can induce cooling or heating effects on the inclined *** has practical implications for various engineering applications,such as the cooling of electronic devices or heating in industrial *** nanofluids have a wide range of potential applications in heat transfer,energy storage,drug delivery,and food *** research investigates how the presence of Stefan b.owing affects the properties of Carreau nanofluid flow across a convectively heated tilted *** and mass transport phenomena are studied using quadratic thermal radiation and chemical reaction *** mathematical model for this work is b.sed on the b.ongiorno *** governing equations are converted into a system of ordinary differential equations and then solved using the b.p4c *** parameters such as the mass transfer rate can b. visualized using b.r *** study’s primary findings are that when the Weissenb.rg numb.r increases,the velocity rises and the concentration profile declines due to b.ownian *** is discovered that,when 0.5≤γ≤3(the inverse porosity parameter),the friction factor declines b. 0.34001(

关键词： Thermal radiation b.P4C Stefan b.owing b.ot numb.r b.ownian motion Irreversib.lit