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The Effect of Umami Stimulation on Salivary Secretion Rate and Duration

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Health 2024年第1期16卷 52-59页

作者： Eri Sambuichi Rumi Nishimura Shiho morishita Shigeru watanabe Department of Oral Health Sciences School of Health Sciences Meikai University Urayasu Japan Department of Oral Epidemiology Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan

Purpose: Umami reportedly promotes salivation. We aimed to investigate the effects of taste stimuli on slow and fast salivary secretion in humans using umami, sweet, and sour stimuli. methods: Eight healthy women participated between 14:00 and 15:00, taking the circadian rhythm of salivary secretion into account. The types and concentrations of the taste solutions were glutamic acid (1.7 × 10−3 m), inosinic acid (9.8 × 10−3 m), and guanylic acid (9.8 × 10−3 m) for umami stimulation, citric acid (6.5 × 10−3 m) for acidity stimulation, and sucrose (1.6 × 10−2 m) for sweetness stimulation. First, the unstimulated salivary flow rate was measured. Then, 3 ml of a flavor solution was dropped under the tongue using a syringe. The saliva was expelled into an aluminum cup every minute and weighed. The first minute’s value minus 3 ml flavor solution was the stimulated salivary secretion rate produced by each flavor. The time-to-return to the initial unstimulated salivary flow rate was the duration of the stimulated saliva secretion rate. Results: The mean unstimulated salivary flow rate across participants was 0.64 ± 0.25 ml/min (range: 0.23 - 1.03 ml/min). The highest amount of saliva was induced by citric acid. There were significant differences between citric acid and the other flavor solutions (p mic acid, inosinic acid, and sucrose;p ml/min) and fast groups (0.83 ± 0.15 ml/min) based on their median resting salivary secretion rate, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the amount of saliva secreted at 1 minute after stimulation and the duration of the salivary secretion rate. Conclusion: Umami stimulation was effective in slowing salivary secretion and sustaining salivary secretion after stimulation.

关键词： Salivary Secretion Umami Flavor Oral Health Stimulated Salivary Secretion

Impact of device resistances in the performance of graphene-based terahertz photodetectors

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第2期 89-99页

作者： óscar Castelló Sofía m.López Baptista Kenji watanabe Takashi Taniguchi Enrique Diez Jesús Enrique Velázquez-Pérez Yahya m.meziani José m.Caridad Juan A.Delgado-Notario Department of Applied Physics University of Salamanca Unidad de Excelencia en Luz y materia Estructurada(LUmES) University of Salamanca Research Center for Electronic and Optical materials National Institute for Materials Science Research Center for materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science Nanotechnology Group USAL–Nanolab University of Salamanca

In recent years, graphene field-effect-transistors(GFETs) have demonstrated an outstanding potential for terahertz(THz) photodetection due to their fast response and high-sensitivity. Such features are essential to enable emerging THz applications, including 6G wireless communications, quantum information, bioimaging and security. However, the overall performance of these photodetectors may be utterly compromised by the impact of internal resistances presented in the device, so-called access or parasitic resistances. In this work, we provide a detailed study of the influence of internal device resistances in the photoresponse of high-mobility dual-gate GFET detectors. Such dual-gate architectures allow us to fine tune(decrease) the internal resistance of the device by an order of magnitude and consequently demonstrate an improved responsivity and noise-equivalent-power values of the photodetector, respectively. Our results can be well understood by a series resistance model, as shown by the excellent agreement found between the experimental data and theoretical calculations. These findings are therefore relevant to understand and improve the overall performance of existing high-mobility graphene photodetectors.

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Basic design of beamline and polarization control

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2006年第6期17卷 354-369页

作者： m.watanabe Shanghai Dianji University Shanghai 200240 China Institute of Composite MaterialsShanghai Jiaotong UniversityChina Saga University Synchrotron Light Application CenterJapan

The basic concept of synchrotron radiation beamlines for vacuum ultraviolet and X-ray experiments has been introduced to beginning users and designers of beamlines. The beamline defined here is composed of a front end, pre-mirrors, and a monochromator with refocusing mirrors, which are connected by beam pipes, providing monochromatic light for the experiments. Firstly, time characteristics of the synchrotron radiation are briefly reviewed. Secondly, the basic technology is introduced as the fundamental knowledge required to both users and designers. The topics are photoabsorption by air and solids, front ends and beam pipes, mirrors, monochromators, and filters. Thirdly, the design consideration is described mainly for the designers. The topics are design principle, principle of ray tracing, optical machinery and control, and vacuum. Fourthly, polarization control is considered. The topics are polarizers, polarization diagnosis of beamline, and circularly-polarized light generation. Finally, a brief summary is given introducing some references for further knowledge of the users and the designers.

关键词：基本设计光速线偏振控制同步加速器

Numerical and Experimental Investigation on the In-Flight melting Behaviour of Granulated Powders in Induction Thermal Plasmas

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Plasma Science and Technology 2009年第1期11卷 71-77页

作者：姚耀春 md.m.HOSSAIN T.watanabe National Engineering Laboratory of Vacuum metallurgy Kunming University of Science and Technology Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering East West University

An innovative in-flight glass melting technology with thermal plasmas was developed for the purpose of energy conservation and environment protection. In this study, modelling and experiments of argon-oxygen induction thermal plasmas were conducted to investigate the melting behaviour of granulated soda-lime glass powders injected into the plasma. A two-dimensional local thermodynamic equilibrium （LTE） model was performed to simulate the heat and momentum transfer between plasma and particle. Results showed that the particle temperature was strongly affected by the flow rate of carrier gas and the particle size of raw material. A higher flow rate of carrier gas led to lower particle temperature and less energy transferred to particles which resulted in lower vitrification. The incomplete melting of large particles was attributed to the lower central temperature of the particle caused by a larger heat capacity. The numerical analysis explained well the experimental results, which can provide valuable practical guidelines for the process control in the melting process for the glass industry.

关键词： induction thermal plasmas size. heat transfer numerical modelling carrier gas flow rate particle

轻度认知功能障碍病人mRI显示脉络丛增大的大型队列研究

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国际医学放射学杂志 2024年第5期 625-626页

作者： Y.Umemura K.watanabe S.Kasai S.Ide Y.Ishimoto m.Sasaki 陈瑾

目的以往研究表明阿尔茨海默病（AD）可能存在脉络丛（CP）功能障碍，并特别提出mRI所见的CP增大可作为AD预测指标。但探讨CP体积（CPV）与轻度认知障碍

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Application of In-Flight melting Technology by RF Induction Thermal Plasmas to Glass Production

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Plasma Science and Technology 2008年第3期10卷 344-347页

作者：姚耀春 m.m.HOSSAIN T.watanabe F.FUNABIKI T.YANO National Engineering Laboratory of Vacuum metallurgy Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama 226-8502 Japan Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama 226-8502 Japan Department of Chemistry and materials Science Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8550 Japan

An innovative in-flight glass melting technology with induced thermal plasmas was developed for the purpose of energy conservation and environmental protection. Two-dimensional modeling was used to simulate the thermofluid fields in the plasma torch. The in-flight melting behavior of glass raw material was investigated by various analysis methods. Results showed that the plasma temperature was up to 10000 K with a maximum velocity over 30 m/s, which made it possible to melt the granulated glass raw material within milliseconds. The carbonates in the raw material decomposed completely and the compounds in the raw material attainted 100% vitrification during the in-flight time from the nozzle exit to substrate. The particle melting process is similar to the unreacted-core shrinking model.

关键词： induced thermal plasmas in-flight melting plasma heat transfer glass production

Rendering Grass Blowing in the Wind with Global Illumination

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2010年第2期15卷 133-137页

作者： N max S Saito K watanabe m Nakajima Computer Science Department University of California Department of Computer Science Tokyo Institute of Technology

We have simulated a time varying wind field using the lattice Boltzmann model, and its effect on blades of grass with a simple mass-spring model. We present a global illumination model for multiple scattering of incident sun and sky illumination within the field of grass. We model the grass as a continuous distribution of infinitesimal colored scattering flakes and solve a system of differential equations for the radiance transport. We repeat this for a collection of grass bending directions and amounts, and then interpolate the solutions when rendering animations of blowing grass.

关键词： global illumination lattice Boltzmann method plane parallel radiation transport

Studies of multilayer structure in depth direction by soft X-ray spectroscopy

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2006年第5期17卷 257-267页

作者： m. watanabe T. EJImA N. mIYATA T. ImAZONO m. YANAGIHARA Shanghai Dianji University Institute of Composite materials Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200030 China Saga University Synchrotron Light Application Center Japan Institute of multidisciplinary Research for Advanced materials Tohoku University Japan Institute of multidisciplinary Research for Advanced materials Tohoku University

It is demonstrated that two kinds of soft X-ray spectroscopy are useful as nondestructive methods to in- vestigate multilayer structures modified by interdiffusion or by chemical reaction of adjoining layers in depth direc- tion. One is the total electron yield (TEY) spectroscopy involving angular dependence measurement. Using this method, it was found that in LiF/Si/LiF trilayers, the Si layers exhibited a characteristic similar to porous Si, and in CaF2/Si/CaF2 trilayers, it was found that CaF2 segregated through the Si layer. moreover, it has been shown that the thickness of the top layer of a mo/Si X-ray multilayer can be determined by analyzing TEY signals generated by the standing wave. The other is the soft X-ray emission spectroscopy involving spectral shape analysis. Using this method, it was found that in mo/Si X-ray multilayers, the interdiffusion or chemical reaction giving rise to deterioration of re- flectance character occurs in as-deposited samples as well as in heated samples. In antiferromagnetic Fe/Si multilay- ers, it was confirmed that there was no existence of pure Si layers, but insulating FeSi2 layers were present. This result suggests that the source of antiferromagnetic coupling is not conduction electrons but quantum wave interference.

关键词：软X射线能谱多层结构景深方向总电子流量驻波硅化合物

XRD Characterization of AlN Thin Films Prepared by Reactive RF-Sputter Deposition

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Advances in materials Physics and Chemistry 2013年第1期3卷 101-107页

作者： N. matsunami H. Kakiuchida m. sataka S. Okayasu Energy Science Division EcoTopia Science Institute Nagoya University Nagoya Japan Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) Tokai Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Nagoya Japan

AlN thin films have been grown on R((1-12) surface-cut)-Al2O3, SiO2-glass and C((001) surface-cut)-Al2O3 substrates, by using a reactive-RF-sputter-deposition method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that AlN film has (110) orientation of wurtzite crystal structure for R-Al2O3 and (001) orientation for SiO2-glass and C-Al2O3 substrates. The film thickness was analyzed by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and it appears that XRD intensity does not show a linear increase with the film thickness but a correlation with the stress, i.e., deviation of the lattice parameter of the film from that of bulk. The film composition and impurities have been analyzed by ion beam techniques. Effects of high-energy ion beams are briefly presented on atomic structure (whether stress relaxation occurs or not), surface morphology and optical properties.

关键词： Aluminum Nitride Film Composition Impurities Atomic Structure Surface morphology Optical Properties