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Biofabrication of nanocomposite-based scaffolds containing human bone extracellularmatrix for the differentiation of skeletal stem and progenitor cells

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Bio-Design and manufacturing 2024年第2期7卷 121-136页

作者： Yang-Hee Kim janos m.Kanczler Stuart Lanham Andrew Rawlings marta Roldo Gianluca Tozzi Jonathan I.Dawson Gianluca Cidonio Richard O.C.Oreffo Faculty of medicine Bone and Joint Research GroupCentre for Human DevelopmentStem Cells and RegenerationInstitute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12DTUK School of Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversity of GreenwichGreenwich ME44TBUK Center for Life Nano-and Neuro-Science(CLN2S) Italian Institute of Technology00161 RomeItaly

Autograft or metal implants are routinely used in skeletal ***,they fail to provide long-term clinical resolution,necessitating a functional biomimetic tissue engineering *** use of native human bone tissue for synthesizing a biomimeticmaterial inkfor three-dimensional(3D)bioprintingof skeletal tissueis anattractivestrategyfor ***,human bone extracellular matrix(bone-ECm)offers an exciting potential for the development of an appropriate microenvironment for human bone marrow stromal cells(HBmSCs)to proliferate and differentiate along the osteogenic *** this study,we engineered a novel material ink(LAB)by blending human bone-ECm(B)with nanoclay(L,Laponite®)and alginate(A)polymers using extrusion-based *** inclusion of the nanoﬁller and polymeric material increased the rheology,printability,and drug retention properties and,critically,the preservation of HBmSCs viability upon *** composite of human bone-ECm-based 3D constructs containing vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)enhanced vascularization after implantation in an ex vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane(CAm)*** inclusion of bone morphogenetic protein-2(BmP-2)with the HBmSCs further enhanced vascularization and mineralization after only seven *** study demonstrates the synergistic combination of nanoclay with biomimetic materials(alginate and bone-ECm)to support the formation of osteogenic tissue both in vitro and ex vivo and offers a promising novel 3D bioprinting approach to personalized skeletal tissue repair.

关键词： Extracellular matrix Nanoclay Bone 3D bioprinting

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Non-crossing Quantile Regression Neural Network as a Calibration Tool for Ensemble Weather Forecasts

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第7期41卷 1417-1437页

作者： mengmeng SONG Dazhi YANG Sebastian LERCH Xiang'ao XIA Gokhan mert YAGLI Jamie m.BRIGHT Yanbo SHEN Bai LIU Xingli LIU m.rtin janos m.yer School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 3569118HeidelbergGermany Chair of Statistical methods and Econometrics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Bluecherstr.1776185KarlsruheGermany Key Laboratory of middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore(SERIS) National University of Singapore(NUS)Singapore117574Singapore UK Power Networks LondonSE61NPUK China meteorological Administration Beijing100081China Heilongjiang meteorological Bureau Harbin150001China Department of Energy Engineering Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp.3H-1111BudapestHungary

Despite the maturity of ensemble numerical weather prediction(NWP),the resulting forecasts are still,more often than not,*** such,forecast calibration tools have become *** those tools,quantile regression(QR)is highly competitive in terms of both flexibility and predictive ***,a long-standing problem of QR is quantile crossing,which greatly limits the interpretability of QR-calibrated *** this point,this study proposes a non-crossing quantile regression neural network(NCQRNN),for calibrating ensemble NWP forecasts into a set of reliable quantile forecasts without *** overarching design principle of NCQRNN is to add on top of the conventional QRNN structure another hidden layer,which imposes a non-decreasing mapping between the combined output from nodes of the last hidden layer to the nodes of the output layer,through a triangular weight matrix with positive *** empirical part of the work considers a solar irradiance case study,in which four years of ensemble irradiance forecasts at seven locations,issued by the European Centre for medium-Range Weather Forecasts,are calibrated via NCQRNN,as well as via an eclectic mix of benchmarking models,ranging from the naïve climatology to the state-of-the-art deep-learning and other non-crossing *** and stringent forecast verification suggests that the forecasts post-processed via NCQRNN attain the maximum sharpness subject to calibration,amongst all ***,the proposed conception to resolve quantile crossing is remarkably simple yet general,and thus has broad applicability as it can be integrated with many shallow-and deep-learning-based neural networks.

关键词： ensemble weather forecasting forecast calibration non-crossing quantile regression neural network CORP reliability diagram post-processing

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Perianal disease,small bowel disease,smoking,prior steroid or early azathioprine/biological therapy are predictors of disease behavior change in patients with Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第28期15卷 3504-3510页

作者： Peter Laszlo Lakatos Zsofia Czegledi Tamas Szamosi janos Banai Gyula David Ferenc Zsigmond Tunde Pandur Zsuzsanna Erdelyi Orsolya Gemela janos Papp Laszlo Lakatos 1st Department of medicine Semmelweis University H-1083 Budapest Hungary Department of Gastroenterology State Health Center H-1062 Budapest Hungary 1st Department of medicine Csolnoky F. County Hospital HH8201-Veszprem Hungary

AIm:To assess the combined effect of disease phenotype, smoking and medical therapy [steroid, azathioprine(AZA), AZA/biological therapy] on the probability of disease behavior change in a Caucasian cohort of patients with Crohn's disease(CD).mETHODS:Three hundred and forty well-characterized, unrelated, consecutive CD patients were analyzed(m/F:155/185, duration:9.4 ± 7.5 years) with a complete clinical *** records including disease phenotype according to the montreal classification, extraintestinal manifestations, use of medications and surgical events were analyzed *** were interviewed on their smoking habits at the time of diagnosis and during the regular follow-up ***:A change in disease behavior was observed in 30.8% of patients with an initially non-stricturing, non-penetrating disease behavior after a mean diseaseduration of 9.0 ± 7.2 *** a logistic regression analysis corrected for disease duration, perianal disease, smoking, steroid use, early AZA or AZA/ biological therapy use were independent predictors of disease behavior *** a subsequent Kaplan-meier survival analysis and a proportional Cox regression analysis, disease location(P = 0.001), presence of perianal disease(P moking(P = 0.032) were independent predictors of disease behavior ***:Our data suggest that perianal disease, small bowel disease, smoking, prior steroid use, early AZA or AZA/biological therapy are all predictors of disease behavior change in CD patients.

关键词： Crohn's disease Smoking Azathioprine Infliximab monoclonal antibodies Colectomy Risk Reoperation

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Real-time measurements of Secondary Organic Aerosol from the Photooxidation of Naphthalene using Single Particle mass Spectrometry

Real-time Measurements of Secondary Organic Aerosol from the...

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十一届全国气溶胶会议暨第十届海峡两岸气溶胶技术研讨会

作者： ang Chen Robert m.Healy Shouming Zhou John C.Weng yer Insitute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute University College Cork

Naphthalene is the most abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon detected in urban air and has recently been identified as an important precursor for the formation of secondary organic aerosol（SOA） in the atmosphere. In this work, a series of simulation chamber experiments has been performed on the photooxidation of naphthalene under a variety of reaction conditions. The decay of naphthalene was monitored using in situ FTIR spectroscopy and the formation and evolution of SOA was followed using a scanning mobility particle sizer. An Aerosol Time-of-Flight mass Spectrometer（ATOFmS） was used to determine the chemical composition of the SOA in real-time. In experiments using NOx as the hydroxyl radical precursor, the single particle mass spectra were found to change slowly over a period of hours. The positive ion mass spectra initially contained hydrocarbon fragments typical of aromatic species which are tentatively attributed to ring-retaining oxidation products such as naphthol and nitronaphthalene. After 3-4 hours the intensity of the hydrocarbon fragments was significantly reduced and the negative ion mass spectra displayed characteristic features of oxidized organic aerosol and nitrates. Interestingly, some of these peaks continued to increase after the lights were turned off, suggesting that particle phase processing was maintained, even under dark conditions. The results from these experiments indicate that ATOFmS can be used to monitor chemical changes in SOA in real-time and is a potentially useful tool for investigating aerosol formation and ageing.

关键词： Secondary Organic Aerosol Naphthalene online single particle mass spectrometer

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双眼对应视野检查法中光感受器移位的客观表现:一项视网膜前膜研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘(眼科学分册) 2006年第1期 53-54页

作者： Krφyer K. Jensen O.m. Larsen m. 韩静 Department of Ophthalmology Herlev Hospital University of Copenhagen Herlev Ringvej 75 DK-2750 Herlev Denmark

PURPOSE. To describe a method for quantitative mapping of metamorphopsia and abnormalities of oculocentric direction in subjects with epiretinal membranes. mETHODS. Binocular correspondence perimetry was performed using red and green dichoptic stimuli applied in a rectangular grid pattern. The study included 9 healthy subjects and 10 subjects with a unilateral premacular epiretinal membrane and a healthy fellow eye. Interocular visuospatial correspondence was expressed in a visuospatial deviation score and the binocular correspondence perimetry plots were displayed in proportion to fundus photographs. A reference interval was defined as the 95% CI for the average visuospatial deviation score in healthy subjects. RESULTS. In 6 out of 10 subjects with epiretinal membranes, visuospatial alignment deviated beyond the reference interval found in healthy subjects, whereas 4 subjects were within the normal range. The deviation score increased with decreasing visual acuity, although indications of heterogeneity of the subject population were identified, suggesting that visual acuity reduction and metamorphopsia may be dissociated in some types of epiretinal membranes. CONCLU-SIONS. Binocular correspondence perimetry enables quantitative mapping of metamorphopsia and stratification of subjects with epiretinal membranes with respect to normative references. Data from healthy subjects appear to describe a physiological level of tolerance for changes in oculocentric direction, which may apply also to the changes induced by retinal traction.

关键词：视网膜前膜视野检查双眼视物变形

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A bioactive compliant vascular graft modulates macrophage polarization and maintains patency with robust vascular remodeling

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Bioactive materials 2023年第1期19卷 167-178页

作者： Alexander Stahl Dake Hao janos Barrera Dominic Henn Sien Lin Seyedsina moeinzadeh Sungwoo Kim William maloney Geoffrey Gurtner Aijun Wang Yunzhi Peter Yang Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Stanford University240 Pasteur DriveStanfordCA94304USA Department of Chemistry Stanford University121 Mudd BuildingStanfordCA94305USA Department of Surgery School of MedicineUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCA95817USA Institute for Pediatric Regenerative medicine Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenSacramentoCA95817USA Department of Surgery Stanford University300 Pasteur DriveStanfordCA94305USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California DavisDavisCA95616USA Department of materials Science and Engineering Stanford University496 Lomita MallStanfordCA94305USA Department of Bioengineering Stanford University443 Via OrtegaStanfordCA4305USA

Conventional synthetic vascular grafts are associated with significant failure rates due to their mismatched mechanical properties with the native vessel and poor regenerative *** different tissue engineering approaches have been used to improve the biocompatibility of synthetic vascular grafts,it is still crucial to develop a new generation of synthetic grafts that can match the dynamics of native vessel and direct the host response to achieve robust vascular *** size of pores within implanted biomaterials has shown significant effects on macrophage polarization,which has been further confirmed as necessary for efficient vascular formation and ***,we developed biodegradable,autoclavable synthetic vascular grafts from a new polyurethane elastomer and tailored the grafts’interconnected pore sizes to promote macrophage populations with a pro-regenerative phenotype and improve vascular regeneration and patency *** synthetic vascular grafts showed similar mechanical properties to native blood vessels,encouraged macrophage populations with varying m2 to m1 phenotypic expression,and maintained patency and vascular regeneration in a one-month rat carotid interposition model and in a four-month rat aortic interposition *** innovative bioactive synthetic vascular graft holds promise to treat clinical vascular diseases.

关键词： Vascular graft Vascular compliance Pore size macrophage polarization Vascular remodeling

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Observation of a single protein by ultrafast X-ray diffraction

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 80-90页

作者： Tomas Ekeberg Dameli Assalauova Johan Bielecki Rebecca Boll Benedikt J.Daurer Lutz A.Eichacker Linda E.Franken Davide E.Galli Luca Gelisio Lars Gumprecht Laura H.Gunn janos Hajdu Robert Hartmann Dirk Hasse Alexandr Ignatenko Jayanath Koliyadu Olena Kulyk Ruslan Kurta markus Kuster Wolfgang Lugmayr Jannik Lübke Adrian P.mancuso Tommaso mazza Carl Nettelblad Yevheniy Ovcharenko Daniel E.Rivas max Rose Amit K.Samanta Philipp Schmidt Egor Sobolev Nicusor Timneanu Sergey Usenko Daniel Westphal Tamme Wollweber Lena Worbs Paul Lourdu Xavier Hazem Yousef Kartik Ayyer Henry N.Chapman Jonas A.Sellberg Carolin Seuring Ivan A.Vartanyants Jochen Küpper michael m.yer Filipe R.N.C.maia Laboratory of molecular Biophysics Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUppsala UniversityHusargatan 3(Box 596)SE-75124 UppsalaSweden Deutsches Electronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestrasse 8522607 HamburgGermany European XFEL Holzkoppel 422869 SchenefeldGermany Diamond Light Source Harwell Science&Innovation CampusDidcot OX110DEUK University of Stavanger Centre Organelle ResearchRichard-Johnsensgate 44021 StavangerNorway Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology(HPI) Centre for Structural Systems BiologyNotkestraße 8522607 HamburgGermany Dipartimento di Fisica“Aldo Pontremoli” Universitàdegli Studi di Milanovia Celoria 1620133 MilanoItaly Center for Free-Electron Laser Science DESY22607 HamburgGermany Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA PNSensor GmbH Otto-Hahn-Ring 6D-81739 MünchenGermany Biomedical and X-Ray Physics Department of Applied PhysicsAlbaNova University CenterKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-10691 StockholmSweden ELI Beamlines/IoP Institute of Physics AS CR v.v.i.Na Slovance 218221 Prague 8Czech Republic multi-User CryoEm Facility Centre for Structural Systems BiologyNotkestr.8522607 HamburgGermany University medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf(UKE) Martinistrasse 5220246 HamburgGermany The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging Universität HamburgLuruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany Department of Physics Universität HamburgLuruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIC 3086Australia Division of Scientific Computing Science for Life LaboratoryDepartment of Information TechnologyUppsala UniversityBox 337SE-75105 UppsalaSweden European molecular Biology Laboratory c/o DESYNotkestrasse 8522607 HamburgGermany Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala UniversityBox 516SE-75120 UppsalaSweden max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of matter Luruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGe

The idea of using ultrashort X-ray pulses to obtain images of single proteins frozen in time has fascinated and inspired *** was one of the arguments for building X-ray free-electron *** to theory,the extremely intense pulses provide sufficient signal to dispense with using crystals as an amplifier,and the ultrashort pulse duration permits capturing the diffraction data before the sample inevitably *** was first demonstrated on biological samples a decade ago on the giant *** then,a large collaboration has been pushing the limit of the smallest sample that can be *** ability to capture snapshots on the timescale of atomic vibrations,while keeping the sample at room temperature,may allow probing the entire conformational phase space of *** we show the first observation of an X-ray diffraction pattern from a single protein,that of Escherichia coli GroEL which at 14 nm in diameter is the smallest biological sample ever imaged by X-rays,and demonstrate that the concept of diffraction before destruction extends to single *** the pattern,it is possible to determine the approximate orientation of the *** experiment demonstrates the feasibility of ultrafast imaging of single proteins,opening the way to single-molecule time-resolved studies on the femtosecond timescale.

关键词： smallest intense ultrafast

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THE INFLUENCE OF ISLAND-INDUCED STRAIN ON THE Si SURFACE mORPHOLOGY IN Ge-Si mULTILAyerS: A TRANSmISSION ELECTRON mICROSCOPY STUDY

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Acta metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2005年第3期18卷 228-236页

作者： H.m.Lu E.Spiecker W.Jaeiger L.Vescan Centerformicroanalysis FacultyofEngineeringChristian-Albrechts-UniversityKielKaiserstraβe2Kiel24143Germany／／StateKeyLaboratoryofSiliconMaterialsZhejiangUniversityHangzhou310027China Centerformicroanalysis FacultyofEngineeringChristian-Albrechts-UniversityKielKaiserstraβe2Kiel24143Germany InstitutfürSchichtenundGrenzflaechen ForschungszentrumJülichGmbHJülich52425Germany

Growth and ordering of coherently strained Ge-rich islands in Ge/Si single layer and multilayer systems and the influence of island arrangements on the evolutio n of the surface morphology of Si cap layers during deposition by low-pressure c hemical vapour deposition(LPCVD) on Si(001) substrates at 700℃ have been invest igated by TEm of cross-section and plan-view specimens. At distances between the Ge layers of 35-50nm, vertical order of GeSi islands is observed for Ge-Si bila yer systems and for Ge-Si multilayer systems consisting of 5 layer pairs whereas lateral ordering parallel to substrate directions is observed for the lat ter case only. In agreement with earlier results the vertical ordering in the mu ltilayer system can be understood as result of the elastic interaction between i sland nuclei forming in the layers with close islands in a buried layer below. T he lateral ordering along may be attributed to the anisotropy of the elast ic interaction. Characteristic for all Si surfaces are the spatial correlation b etween the presence of island-induced lattice strain and the appearance of array s of larger square-shaped pyramids with distinct faceting and facet edges along . The results reflect the importance of the control of growth parameters an d of the island-induced strain state for the evolution of the Si top layer surfa ce morphology during LPCVD growth.

关键词： Si-Ge heteroepitaxy surfaces strain nanostructures transmission electron microscopy

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The East Anatolia-Lesser Caucasus ophiolite:An exceptional case of large-scale obduction,synthesis of data and numerical modelling

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第1期11卷 83-108页

作者： Y.Rolland m.Hässig D.Bosch O.Bruguier R.melis G.Galoyan G.Topuz L.Sahakyan A.Avagyan m.Sosson Universitéde Nice Sophia Antipolis UMR GéoazurCNRSIRDObservatoire de la Côte d’Azur250 Rue Albert Einstein06560Sophia AntipolisFrance EDYTEm Universitéde Savoie e CNRSUMR 5204Le Bourget du LacFrance Department of Earth Sciences University of GenevaRue des Maraîchers 131205 GenevaSwitzerland University montpellier Géosciences MontpellierUMR-CNRS-UM25243Place Eugene Bataillon34095 MontpellierFrance Institute of Geological Sciences National Academy of Sciences24a Baghramyan AvenueYerevan 0019Armenia Istanbul Teknik Universitesi Avrasya Yer Bilimleri Enstitüsü34469 IstanbulTurkey

We present new,geological,metamorphic,geochemical and geochronological data on the East Anatolian-Lesser Caucasus *** data are used in combination with a synthesis of previous data and numerical modelling to unravel the tectonic emplacement of ophiolites in this *** these data allow the reconstruction of a large obducted ophiolite nappe,thrusted for>100 km and up to 250 km on the Anatolian-Armenian *** ophiolite petrology shows three distinct magmatic series,highlighted by new isotopic and trace element data:(1)The main Early Jurassic Tholeiites(ophiolite s.s.)bear LILEenriched,subduction-modified,mORB chemical *** and petrology of the Tholeiite series substantiates a slow-spreading oceanic environment in a time spanning from the Late Triassic to the middle-Late ***,gabbros and plagiogranites were exhumed by normal faults,and covered by radiolarites,while minor volumes of pillow-lava flows infilled the rift *** towards a subduction-modified geochemical signature suggests emplacement in a marginal basin above a subduction zone.(2)Late Early Cretaceous alkaline lavas conformably emplaced on top of the *** have an OIB *** lavas are featured by large pillow lavas interbedded a carbonate *** show evidence for a large-scale OIB plume activity,which occurred prior to ophiolite obduction.(3)Early-Late Cretaceous calc-alkaline lavas and *** magmatic rocks are found on top of the obducted nappe,above the post-obduction erosion *** series shows similar Sr-Nd isotopic features as the Alkaline series,though having a clear supra-subduction *** are thus interpreted to be the remelting product of a mantle previously contaminated by the OIB *** of data from the Lesser Caucasus to western Anatolia shows a progression from back-arc to arc and fore-arc,which highlight a dissymmetry in the obducted oceanic lithosphere from East to *** metamo

关键词： Ophiolite Obduction Subduction Neotethys

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NKX2-3 and IRGm variants are associated with diseasesu sceptibility to IBD in Eastern European patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第41期16卷 5233-5240页

作者： Nora meggyesi Lajos S Kiss magdalena Koszarska m.rtin Bortlik Dana Duricova Laszlo Lakatos Tamas molnar m.rtin Lenicek Libor Vítek Istvan Altorjay maria Papp Zsolt Tulassay Pal miheller janos Papp Attila Tordai Hajnalka Andrikovics milan Lukas Peter Laszlo Lakatos Department of molecular Diagnostics Hun-garian National Blood Transfusion Service H-1113 BudapestHungary 1st Depart-ment of medicine Semmelweis University H-1083 BudapestHungary IBD Clinicaland Research Centre ISCARE IVF and 1st Medical FacultyCharles University 170 04 Prague Czech Republic 1st Department of medicine Csolnoky F.County Hospital H8200 Veszprem Hungary 1st Department of medicine University ofSzeged H6720 Szeged Hungary Department of Biochemistry andLaboratory Diagnostics 1st Medical Faculty Charles Univer-sity 170 04 Prague Czech Republic 2nd Department of medicine University of Debrecen H4032 Debrecen Hungary 2nd Department of medicine Semmelweis University H1085 Budapest Hungary

AIm: To investigate variants of immunity-related GT-Pase family m (IRGm) and NKX2-3 genes and genotype-phenotype in Eastern European patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).mETHODS: We analyzed 1707 Hungarian and Czech subjects with Crohn’s disease (CD) (n = 810, age: 37.1 ± 12.6 years, duration: 10.7 ± 8.4 years) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 428, age: 43.7 ± 15.0 years, duration: 12.6 ± 9.9 years), as well as 469 healthy controls. IRGm rs13361189, NKX2-3 rs10883365 and ECm1 rs13294 polymorphisms were tested by LightCy-cler allele discrimination. Detailed clinical phenotypes were determined by reviewing the medical charts. RESULTS: NKX2-3 rs10883365 variant allele was as-sociated with increased risk for CD (P = 0.009, OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.06-1.48) and UC (P = 0.001, OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.13-1.63), whereas variant IRGm allele increased risk for CD (P = 0.029, OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.03-1.79). In contrast, ECm1 rs13294 was not associat-ed with either CD or UC. In CD, the variant IRGm allele was associated with a colon-only location (P = 0.02, OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.07-2.44), whereas in UC, the ECm1 variant was associated with cutaneous manifestations (P = 0.002, OR = 3.36, 95% CI = 1.48-7.63). Variant alleles did not predict resistance to steroids or azathio-prine, efficacy of infliximab, or need for surgery. CONCLUSION: NKX2-3 and IRGm are susceptibility locifor IBD in Eastern European patients. Further studies are needed to confirm the reported phenotype-genotype associations.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis NKX2-3 Immunity-related GTPase family m ECm1 Genotype Phenotype Pharmacogenetics

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