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A high-power electromagnetic source for disabling improvised explosive devices

High Voltage 2024年第2期9卷 403-409页

作者： Laurent Ariztia Njomza Ibrahimi Alexey Zhabin Antoine Silvestre de Ferron marc Rivaletto Edson martinod Valérie Bertrand Bucur Novac Laurent Pécastaing Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour E2S UPPASIAMEPauFrance XLIm UMR CNRS BriveLimogesFrance CISTEmE LimogesFrance Wolfson School of mechanical Electrical and Manufacturing EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireUK

Ultra-wideband(UWB)microwave sources driven by specialised pulsed power generators have experienced a considerable development in the last decade due to their wide domain of new applications such as defence or counter-terrorism activity.The authors present the main findings of a research dedicated to the development of a pulsed power-driven electromagnetic field source for disabling improvised explosive devices(IED).The pulsed power generator driving the source is a 13-stage compact marx producing voltage pulses reaching an amplitude of 0.5 mV,with a pulse repetition frequency(PRF)of up to 100 Hz.The generator is coupled to a bipolar pulse forming line,providing bipolar pulses with a dV/dt of around 1.6 mV/ns.This pulsed power system feeds an array composed of 16 Koshelev-type UWB antennas through an impedance matching transformer.The resulting electromagnetic source is capable to produce pulsed electric fields(PEFs)having a figure-of-merit(FOm)of 1 mV.First,practical experiments were carried out to study the effects of the PEFs on targets.The targets used in the present study are m2B type flashbulbs,known to have the same susceptibility as the US army m6 detonator.Different configurations of wires(shielded,twisted,etc)with different lengths were used in connecting items inside these targets.The tests were performed by placing the flashbulbs at different distances to determine the essential parameters(i.e.,amplitude,duration,and frequency range)of the PEFs required to trigger them.An overview of the experimental campaign and the main findings are also presented followed by conclusions.

关键词： power bipolar source

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Eco-Epidemiological Characteristics of Human Rabies in Côte d’Ivoire, 2012-2017

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 13-23页

作者： Zamina Bi Yourou Guillaume Tiembré Issiaka Konan Loukou Leandre Bama martial Yapi Ellélé Aimé Gouzilé Assikohon Pulchérie Dagnan N’Cho Simplice National Institute of Public Hygiene Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Département de Santé Publique et Spécialités UFR des Sciences Médicales d’Abidjan Université Félix HOUPHOU&#203T-BOIGNY de Cocody Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Institut National de Santé Publique Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

Introduction: Human rabies is a major public health problem in many African countries, including Côte d’Ivoire. The present work aims at describing the eco-epidemiological characteristics of human rabies cases recorded in Côte d’Ivoire. methods: This was a retrospective and prospective cross-sectional descriptive study based on epidemiological surveillance data that ran from september 2014 to december 2017. The clinical data were extracted from the database of the human rabies epidemiological surveillance management service of the National Institute of Public Hygiene’s rabies centre. These data cover the period from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2017. Results: Human rabies is endemic in Côte d’Ivoire, with most people exposed in the south and especially in the west of the country. There was no association between any of the climatological parameters (temperature, humidity, rainfall) and the occurrence of human rabies during the months of exposure to rabies infection. Conclusion: Ultimately, effective prevention and control of human rabies requires a thorough understanding of the links between climatological parameters and rabies. Health authorities must take ownership of these results if we are to achieve our goal of eliminating rabies by 2030.

关键词： Human Rabies Season Climate Abidjan Ivory Coast

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Dissemination of Resistance Integrons and Genes Coding for Blse and Cabapenemases in the Urban Drainage Network in Cote d’Ivoire

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Advances in microbiology 2024年第5期14卷 268-286页

作者： Coulibaly Kalpy Julien Diaby Aboubakar Sidik Vakou N’dri Sabine m’bengue Gbonon Valérie Carole Claon Jean Stephane Yao Kouamé Eric Gnali Gbohounou Fabrice Yéo Yéfougnini Bagré Issa Djaman Allico Joseph Dosso mireille Pasteur Institute of Ivory Coast Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Fé lix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

Antibiotic resistance has become a major threat to human health worldwide. Environment, particularly the water environment, has long been overlooked as a player in the antibiotic resistance cycle, although its role remains unclear. These can provide an ideal setting for the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance, as they are frequently affected by anthropogenic activities. The objective of this study was to establish a diffusion map of resistance integrons used as genetic markers of resistance associated with antibiotic resistance conferring genes (ARGs). Total DNA extracts from non-cultivable bacterial communities were used for the analyses. These communities were obtained from wastewater samples from 14 sites upstream and downstream of drainage channels or effluents in the cities of Abidjan, Bouaké, and Yamoussoukro. The results obtained correspond to the number of positives among the treated samples (n = 39). Among the genetic markers of dissemination, class 1 integrons were the most evident in 94.8% of samples in Abidjan (93.3%), Bouaké (100%) and Yamoussoukro (91.6%). Class 2 integrons and class 3 integrons were found respectively in 41% and 51% of all samples. Genes coding for β-lactamases and blaTEm was identified in almost all samples at a rate of 97.4%. A co-presence of the three genes blaTEm, blaSHV and blaCTX-m is also remarkable in the sites of the city of Yamoussoukro. Among the genes coding for carbapenemases, only blaKPC 17.94%, blaNDm 30.76% and blaOXA48 38.46% were detected in the samples.

关键词： Antibiotic Resistance Wastewater Resistance Integrons (RIs) Resistance Genes

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Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Urine and Pleural Fluid in Two Hospitals of Cameroon

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Open Journal of medical microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 39-49页

作者： Cécile Ingrid Djuikoue Farid Wega Grace Yemina Kombeu Cedric Seugnou Nana Christiane Possi Kiyang Lussabella Pohoko medzam Erica megane Noubissi makougoum Nellie mbianga Nkuigoua Herman Koyouo Tagne mérimé Joël Tchinda Talokou Yvonne Valérie Yolande mavoungou Ashu michel Agbor microbiology Department of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Université des montagnes Bangangté Cameroon Faculty of medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon microbiology Department of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Institut Universitaire du Golf de Guinée Douala Cameroon Centre Hospitalier Dominicain St martin de Porres Yaoundé Cameroun Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville République du Congo

Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium rank among the leading causes of nosocomial bacteremia and urinary tract infections. They often persist on hospital surfaces due to their ability to withstand adverse environmental conditions (low or high temperatures, high pH, and high salinity). The global Enterococcus faecalis-Enterococcus faecium ratio is currently shifting towards Enterococcus faecium. Enterococci present variable levels of resistance to certain families of antibiotics. This is the case for aminoglycosides, beta-lactams and cephalosporins. In 2017, WHO ranked Enterococci among priority pathogens for research and development of new antibiotics. The objective of our study was to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from urine and pleural fluid in two hospitals in Cameroon. This cross-sectional and analytic study was carried out between June to August 2023 on hospitalized and day patients in which a cytobacteriological test of urine and pleural fluid was done. The samples were inoculated on CLED Agar for urine and on Chocolate + polyvitex and blood agar (prepared from Columbia agar) for pleural fluid samples and incubated at 37℃ for 18 to 24 hours. Identification of isolates was carried out using the API 20 STREP micro gallery (Biom.rieux, France) and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. The data on socio-demographical and potential risk factors were recorded using self-administered questionnaires and data from laboratory analyses of the specimen were collected in a data capture sheet. Potential risk factors associated with the presence of Enterococci, were evaluated using the logistic regression in univariate and multivariate analysis. P value minantly females. Enterococcus spp were isolated in 27.79% of our samples with Enterococcus faecalis mostly encountered. Enterococcus spp showed a high level of resistance to penicilline (99.3% to Am

关键词： Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus faecium Healthcare-Associated Infections Antimicrobial Resistance Cameroon

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Influence of combustion-originated dioxins in atmospheric deposition on water quality of an urban river in Japan

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第2期30卷 245-251页

作者： Kotaro minomo Nobutoshi Ohtsuka Kiyoshi Nojiri rie matsumoto Center for Environmental Science in Saitama Kazo Saitama 347-0115 Japan

Bulk（wet and dry） deposition samples were collected in Saitama Prefecture, Japan throughout a year（February 8, 2012 to February 7, 2013） to estimate the influence of dioxins emitting from waste incinerators on river water quality. The annual deposition flux of dioxins was 3.3 ng-toxic equivalent（TEQ）/m^2/year. Source identification using indicative congeners estimated that 82% of dioxin TEQ in the bulk deposition（2.7 ng-TEQ/m^2/year）was combustion-originated, indicating that most of the dioxins in the deposition were derived from waste incinerators. In Saitama prefecture the annual flux of combustionoriginated dioxins in depositions was apparently consistent with that of dioxin emission into the air from waste incinerators. The TEQ of combustion-originated dioxins in the deposition per rainfall was 2.4 pg-TEQ/L on annual average, exceeding the environmental quality standard（EQS） for water in Japan of 1 pg-TEQ/L. This suggests there is a possibility that dioxins in atmospheric deposition have a significant influence on the water quality of urban rivers which rainwater directly flows into because of many paved areas in the basins.The influence of combustion-originated dioxin in the deposition on the water quality of Ayase River, an urban river heavily polluted with dioxins, was estimated at 0.29 pg-TEQ/L on annual average in 2015. It seems that dioxins in atmospheric deposition from waste incinerators have a significant influence on water quality of some urban rivers via rainwater though the dioxins in the ambient air have achieved the EQS for atmosphere at all monitoring sites in Japan.

关键词： Dioxins Waste incineration Atmospheric deposition Urban river River water Source identification Indicative congener

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States on sharply dominating effect algebras

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Science China mathematics 2008年第5期51卷 907-914页

作者： Zdenka rie■ANOV Department of mathematics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Slovak Technology University

We prove that sharply dominating Archimedean atomic lattice effect algebras can be characterized by the property called basic decomposition of elements.As an application we prove the state smearing theorem for these e... 详细信息

关键词： effect algebras sharp elements states sharply dominating effect algebras smearing of states

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Increasing the effectiveness of intracerebral injections in adult and neonatal mice: a neurosurgical point of view

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2015年第6期31卷 685-696页

作者： Bertrand mathon m.rie Nassar Jean Simonnet Caroline Le Duigou Stéphane Clemenceau Richard miles Desdemona Fricker Department of Neurosurgery Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire de La Pitié-SalpêtrièreAPHPF-75013ParisFrance Inserm U 1127F-75013ParisFrance CNRS UMR 7225F-75013ParisFrance Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06UMR S 1127F-75013ParisFrance Institut du Cerveau et de la moelle épinière ICMF-75013ParisFrance

Intracerebral injections of tracers or viral constructs in rodents are now commonly used in the neurosciences and must be executed perfectly. The purpose of this article is to update existing protocols for intracerebral injections in adult and neonatal mice. Our procedure for stereotaxic injections in adult mice allows the investigator to improve the effectiveness and safety, and save time. Furthermore, for the first time, we describe a two-handed procedure for intracerebral injections in neonatal mice that can be performed by a single operator in a very short time. Our technique using the stereotaxic arm allows a higher precision than freehand techniques previously described. Stereotaxic injections in adult mice can be performed in 20 min and have 〉90% efficacy in targeting the injection site. Injections in neonatal mice can be performed in 5 min. Efficacy depends on the difficulty of precisely localizing the injection sites, due to the small size of the animal. We describe an innovative, effortless, and reproducible surgical protocol for intracerebral injections in adult and neonatal mice.

关键词： rodents surgery neurosciencesstereotaxic injection newborn mice neonatal brain

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Comparison of gastrointestinal parasite communities in vervet monkeys

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第6期12卷 512-520页

作者： Kim VALENTA Dennis TWINOmUGISHA Kathleen GODFREY Cynthia LIU Valérie A.m.SCHOOF Tony L.GOLDBERG Colin A.CHAPmAN mcGill School of Environment McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada makerere University Biological Field Station KampalaUganda Bilingual Biology Program Department of Multidisciplinary StudiesGlendon CampusYork UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada Department of Pathobiological Sciences School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA Wildlife Conservation Society BronxNew YorkUSA

Globally,habitat degradation is accelerating,especially in the tropics.Changes to interface habitats can increase environmental overlap among nonhuman primates,people,and domestic animals and change stress levels in wildlife,leading to changes in their risk of parasite infections.However,the direction and consequences of these changes are unclear,since animals may benefit by exploiting human resources(e.g.,improving nutritional health by eating nutritious crops)and decreasing susceptibility to infection,or interactions with humans may lead to chronic stress and increased susceptibility to infection.Vervet monkeys are an excellent model to understand parasitic disease transmission because of their tolerance to anthropogenic disturbance.Here we quantify the gastrointestinal parasites of a group of vervet monkeys(Chlorocebus aethiops)near Lake Nabugabo,Uganda,that frequently overlaps with people in their use of a highly modified environment.We compare the parasites found in this population to seven other sites where vervet monkey gastrointestinal parasites have been identified.The vervets of Lake Nabugabo have the greatest richness of parasites documented to date.We discuss how this may reflect differences in sampling intensity or differences in the types of habitat where vervet parasites have been sampled.

关键词： anthropogenic disturbance disease gastrointestinal parasite habitat degradation Nabugabo vervet zoonotic disease

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Effects on coagulation factor production following primary hepatomitogen-induced direct hyperplasia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第42期15卷 5307-5315页

作者： Kohei Tatsumi Kazuo Ohashi Sanae Taminishi Soichi Takagi rie Utoh Akira Yoshioka midori Shima Teruo Okano Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science Tokyo Women's Medical University8-1 Kawada-choShinjuku-kuTokyo 162-8666Japan Department of Pediatrics Nara Medical Univrsity840 Shijo-choKashiharaNara 634-8522Japan

AIm:To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in coagulation factor expression and/or function during direct hyperplasia(DH) -mediated liver regeneration.mETHODS:Direct hyperplasia-mediated liver regeneration was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by administering 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy) ] benzene(TCPOBOP) ,a representative hepatomitogen.mice were weighed and sacrificed at various time points [Day 0(D0:prior to injection) ,3 h,D1,D2,D3,and D10] after TCPOBOP administration to obtain liver and blood samples.Using the RNA samples extracted from the liver,a comprehensive analysis was performed on the hepatic gene expression profiling of coagulation-related factors by real-time RT-PCR(fibrinogen,prothrombin,factors Ⅴ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ,Ⅸ,Ⅹ,Ⅺ,Ⅻ,XⅢβ,plasminogen,antithrombin,protein C,protein S,ADAmTS13,and VWF) .The corresponding plasma levels of coagulation factors(fibrinogen,prothrombin,factors Ⅴ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ,Ⅸ,Ⅹ,Ⅺ,Ⅻ,XⅢ,and VWF) were also analyzed and compared with their mRNA levels.RESULTS:Gavage administration of TCPOBOP(3 mg/kg body weight) resulted in a marked and gradual increase in the weight of the mouse livers relative to the total body weight to 220% by D10 relative to the D0(control) ratios.At the peak of liver regeneration(D1 and D2) ,the gene expression levels for most of the coagulationrelated factors(fibrinogen,prothrombin,factors Ⅴ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ,Ⅸ,Ⅺ,Ⅻ,XⅢβ,plasminogen,antithrombin,protein C,ADAmTS13,VWF) were found to be downregulated in a time-dependent manner,and gradually recovered by D10 to the basal levels.Only mRNA levels of factor Ⅹ and protein S failed to show any decrease during the regenerative phase.As for the plasma levels,5 clotting factors(prothrombin,factors Ⅷ,Ⅸ,Ⅺ,and Ⅻ) demonstrated a significant decrease(P mpared with D0.Among these 5 factors,factor Ⅸ and factor Ⅺ showed the most dramatic decline in their activities by about 50% at D2 compared to the basal levels,and these reductions in plasma activity for both factors were consistent with our RT-PCR findings.In cont

关键词：肝疾病增生临床治疗

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Influence of mango Feed-Based Diets on the Production and Economic Profitability of montbeliarde Cows’ milk at the End of Lactation in Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2022年第2期12卷 239-250页

作者： Xavier D. milogo Timbilfou Kiendrebeogo Isidor Z. Ouedraogo Harouna Koara Désiré P. Sawadogo Valérie m. C. Bougouma-Yameogo ministère des Ressources Animales et Halieutiques (mRAH) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Station de Farako-B&#226 Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institut du Développement Rural Université Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

The study evaluated the effects of a diet incorporating a mango-based feed on the technical-economic performance of milk production of montbeliard cows at the end of lactation in a dairy farm in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. To do so, 14 cows were subjected to 3 diets, including an experimental diet incorporating mango (ED) in comparison to a balanced control diet (BCD) and to the feeding practice of the farmer (FCD) during 60 days. Results show that the average amount of milk milked per day from ED (10.93 ± 0.17 L) was significantly higher (p milk (FC/L) were significantly different (p (125.95 ± 4.56 FCFA), BCD (83.67 ± 6.36 FCFA) and ED (60.06 ± 5.49 FCFA). The average gross profit margins (GPm) were significantly higher and decreasing (p ,953 ± 5031 FCFA), BCD (167,157 ± 5831 FCFA) and FCD (74,188 ± 4185 FCFA). mango feed can be used in the diet of dairy cows. Its use contributes to the reduction of production costs and the generation of substantial profits. The valorization of mango residues is an alternative for a greater availability of feed at lower cost for the animals. It could contribute to a better management of processing residues that pollute the environment and to the reduction of fruit flies that affect orchard yields through reinfestation. The increased use of mango in dairy cattle feed should be encouraged.

关键词： mango-Based Feed montbeliarde Cows milk Production Technical and Economic Performance Burkina Faso

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