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managing the surge:A comprehensive review of the entire disposal framework for retired lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 648-680页

作者： Ruohan Guo Feng Wang m.Akbar Rhamdhani Yiming Xu Weixiang shen Department of Engineering Technologies School of ScienceComputing and Engineering TechnologiesSwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourne VIC 3122Australia Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of ScienceComputing and Engineering TechnologiesSwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourne VIC 3122Australia Department mechanical and Product Design Engineering School of EngineeringSwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourne VIC 3122Australia

Anticipating the imminent surge of retired lithium-ion batteries(R-LIBs)from electric vehicles,the need for safe,cost-effective and environmentally friendly disposal technologies has *** paper seeks to offer a comprehensive overview of the entire disposal framework for R-LIBs,encompassing a broad spectrum of activities,including screening,repurposing and ***,we delve deeply into a thorough examination of current screening technologies,shifting the focus from a mere enumeration of screening methods to the exploration of the strategies for enhancing screening ***,we outline battery repurposing with associated key factors,summarizing stationary applications and sizing methods for R-LIBs in their second life.A particular light is shed on available reconditioning solutions,demonstrating their great potential in facilitating battery safety and lifetime in repurposing scenarios and identifying their techno-economic *** the realm of battery recycling,we present an extensive survey of pre-treatment options and subsequent material recovery ***,we introduce several global leading recyclers to illustrate their industrial processes and technical ***,relevant challenges and evolving trends are investigated in pursuit of a sustainable end-of-life management and disposal *** hope that this study can serve as a valuable resource for researchers,industry professionals and policymakers in this field,ultimately facilitating the adoption of proper disposal practices.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery Battery reproposing and recycling miaieiials recovery technologies Techno-economic issues End-of-life management Disposal framework

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Large reversible magnetocaloric effect in antiferromagnetic Er_(3)Si_(2)C_(2) compound

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第8期42卷 1555-1559,I0005页

作者： Hao Sun Lu Tian Xinqiang Gao Zhaojun mo Jun shen Baogen shen School of Rare Earths University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of SciencesGanzhou34100China Department of Energy and Power Engineering School of Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing00081China

The magnetic properties,magnetic phase transition and magnetocaloric effects(mCE) of Er_(3)Si_(2)C_(2) compound were investigated based on theoretical calculations and experimental *** on the first principles calculations,the antiferromagnetic(AFm) ground state type in Er_(3)Si_(2)C_(2) compound was predicted and its electronic structure was *** experimental results show that Ei_(3)Si_(2)C_(2) compound is an AFm compound with the Neel temperature(I_N) of 7 K and undergoes a field-induced firstorder magnetic phase transition from AFm to ferromagnetic(Fm) under magnetic fields exceeding 0.6 T at 2 *** magnetic transition process of Er_(3)Si_(2)C_(2) compound was investigated and *** values of the maximum magnetic entropy change(-ΔS_(m)^(max)) and the refrigeration capacity(RC) are 17 J/(kg·K)and 193 J/kg under changing magnetic fields of 0-5 T,*** a potential cryogenic magnetic refrigerant,the Er_(3)Si_(2)C_(2) compound also provides an interesting research medium to study the magnetic phase transition process.

关键词： magnetic materials magnetocaloric metamagnetic transitions magnetic phase transition Rare earths

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mechanism of microarc oxidation on AZ91D mg alloy induced byβ-mg_(17)Al_(12) phase

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International Journal of minerals,metallurgy and materials 2024年第4期31卷 712-724页

作者： Dajun Zhai Xiaoping Li Jun shen College of materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

This work proposed a strategy of indirectly inducing uniform microarc discharge by controlling the content and distribution ofβ-mg_(17)Al_(12)phase in AZ91D mg *** kinds of nano-particles(ZrO_(2)and TiO_(2))were designed to be added into the substrate of mg alloy by friction stir processing(FSP).Then,mg alloy sample designed with different precipitated morphology ofβ-mg_(17)Al_(12)phase was treated by microarc oxidation(mAO)in Na_(3)PO_(4)/*** characteristics and performance of the mAO coating was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEm),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),contact angle meter,and potentiodynamic *** was found that the coarseα-mg grains in extruded AZ91D mg alloy were refined by FSP,and theβ-mg_(17)Al_(12)phase with reticular structure was broken and *** nano-ZrO_(2)particles were pinned at the grain boundary by FSP,which refined theα-mg grain and promoted the precipitation ofβ-mg_(17)Al_(12)phase in *** effectively inhibited the“cascade”phenomenon of microarcs,which induced the uniform distribution of discharge *** mAO coating on Zr-FSP sample had good wettability and corrosion ***,TiO_(2)particles were hardly detected in the coating on TiFSP sample.

关键词： AZ91D mg alloy microarc oxidation friction stir processing ZrO_(2) TiO_(2) β-mg_(17)Al_(12)

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A CELL-CENTERED GODUNOV mETHOD BASED ON STAGGERED DATA DISTRIBUTION, PART I: ONE-DImENSIONAL CASE

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Journal of Computational mathematics 2024年第4期42卷 1172-1196页

作者： Jiayin Zhai Xiao Li Zhijun shen Institute of Applied Physics and Computational mathematics LCPP.O.Boc 8009-26Beijing 100088China College of Big Data and Internet Shenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen 518118China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational mathematics LCPP.O.Boa 8009-26Beijing 100088China Center for Applied Physics and Technology HEDPSPeking UniversityChina

This paper presents a cell-centered Godunov method based on staggered data distribu-tion in Eulerian *** motivation is to reduce the intrinsic entropy dissipation of classical Godunov methods in the calculation of an isentropic or rarefaction *** the same time,the property of accurate shock capturing is also *** analyzing the factors that cause nonphysical entropy in the conventional Godunov methods,we introduce two velocities rather than a single velocity in a cell to reduce kinetic energy dissipation.A series of redistribution strategies are adopted to update subcell quantities in order to improve *** examples validate that the present method can dramatically reduce nonphysical entropy *** subject classification:35Q35,76N15,76m12.

关键词： Godunov method Riemann solver Rarefaction wave Nonphysical entropy increase.

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Improving surface integrity of micro-holes in ECDm using ultrahigh-speed rotary of tool cathode and non-water-based electrolyte

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第5期37卷 506-519页

作者： Jiwen shen Weijing KONG Zhengyang XU Yongbin ZENG Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precision and micro-manufacturing Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China

The surface integrity of metal micro-hole structures produced by electrochemical discharge machining is unsatisfactory owing to the insufficient reaction area and strength of electrolysis action.A novel ultrahigh-speed Rotary Electrochemical Discharge machining(R-ECDm)using non-water-based electrolyte is proposed to improve surface integrity by changing the breakdown medium of spark discharge and increasing the reaction area and strength of electrolysis.A mathematical model was developed to establish the relationship between rotational speed and forces acting on the *** on the magnitude of forces,controlling rotational speed changed the behavior and departure radius of bubbles on the cathode ***-speed photographs validate that,in the mathematical model,the number and departure radius of bubbles on the cathode surface gradually decrease with the increase of rotational *** experimental results show that the roughness(Ra)of the micro-hole sidewall decreases from 2.54μm to 0.20μm when the rotational speed increases from 500 r/min to 40000 r/*** length loss and wear ratio of the cathode are only 9.75μm and 6.5%,***,the micro-holes array with recast-free and surface roughness of 0.20μm is fabricated,demonstrating that the proposed approach contributes to improving surface integrity of metal micro-holes.

关键词： Electrochemical discharge machining micro-holes Recast layer Ultrahigh-speed rotary Bubbles Force analysis Non-water-based solution

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Coupled simulation of fluid-particle interaction for large complex granules:A resolved CFD-DEm method for modelling the airflow in a vertical fixed bed of irregular sinter particles

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 292-306页

作者： Chengzhi Li Yu Zhang Jiahe shen Wei Zhang The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China Key Laboratory for Ferrous metallurgy and Resources Utilization of ministry of Education Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430063China Centre for Bulk Solids and Particulate Technologies The University of NewcastleCallaghan NSW 2308Australia

A resolved CFD-DEm method is proposed to simulate the fluid-particle interaction for large complex *** airflow in a vertical sinter fixed bed is numerically studied using this *** multi-sphere clumped method is used to create irregular sinter particles in *** immersed boundary method and dynamic cell refinement are applied to describe the fluid flow around particles with higher resolution,by which the fluid-particle interaction can be simulated more *** simulation results presented the packing voidage distributions and the airflow fields in the sinter beds of different single and mixed particle size *** bed pressure drops were simulated and the results were compared with the corresponding experimental *** good agreement indicated that the proposed resolved CFD-DEm method is an effective tool to model the fluid-particle interaction for irregular large granules in the gas-solid multi-phase systems.

关键词： Resolved CFD-DEm method Irregular sinter particles multi-sphere clumped method Immersed boundary method Dynamic cell refinement

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Characteristics of bioaerosols under high-ozone periods,haze episodes,dust storms,and normal days in Xi'an,China

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 140-148页

作者： Yiming Yang Liu Yang Xiaoyan Hu Zhenxing shen Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry&Physics SKLLQGInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an710049China

The characteristics of bioaerosols and their effects on human beings'health have become a major public concern in the recent *** study compared the characteristics of bioaerosols under different types of pollution(high-ozone[HO]episodes,haze episodes,and dust storms[DSs]),with those of bioaerosols on normal days(NDs)in Xi'an,*** concentrations,diurnal variations,and size distribution of bacteria,fungi,and total airborne microbes(TAms)were *** results showed that the bacterial and fungal concentrations were the highest during DSs and on NDs,reaching 425.2 and 956.9 colony-forming units/m^(3),*** concentration of TAms was the highest during HO episodes,reaching 10.7×10^(6)cells/m^(3),which was significantly higher than that during the other *** maximum concentrations of bacteria and fungi during HO episodes were observed in the morning,while they appeared separately in the morning and evening during haze *** and TAms during DSs reached peak concentrations in the morning and evening,which is opposite to the particulate matter(Pm)distribution *** NDs,temperature and relative humidity had significant effects on *** size distributions of airborne bacteria exhibited bimodal patterns,whereas unimodal distributions were observed for *** mainly attached in fine particles(m)with proportions of 67.4%and 60.5%during haze episodes and DSs,respectively,which means that fungi were easily penetrated into the human respiratory *** evaluation of influence factors revealed that Pm_(2.5) and Pm10 had negative effects on fungal concentration during DSs,and ozone concentration and temperature were inversely correlated with fungal concentration during HO *** results provide valuable reference data for elucidating the formation and evolution of bioaerosols under different types of pollution.

关键词： Bacteria Fungi Total airborne microbe Different air pollution types Influence factors

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A Theoretically Grounded Question Answering Data Set for Evaluating machine Common Sense

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Data Intelligence 2024年第1期6卷 1-28页

作者： Henrique Santos Ke shen Alice m.mulvehill mayank Kejriwal Deborah L.mcGuinness Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY Information Sciences Institute Marina del Rey CA

Achieving machine common sense has been a longstanding problem within Artificial *** far,benchmark data sets that are grounded in a theory of common sense and can be used to conduct rigorous,semantic evaluations of common sense reasoning(CSR)systems have been *** expectation of the AI community is that neuro-symbolic reasoners can help bridge this gap towards more dependable systems with common *** propose a novel benchmark,called Theoretically Grounded common sense Reasoning(TG-CSR),modeled as a set of question answering instances,with each instance grounded in a semantic category of common sense,such as space,time,and *** benchmark is few-shot i.e.,only a few training and validation examples are provided in the public release to avoid the possibility of *** from recent evaluations suggest that TG-CSR is challenging even for state-of-the-art statistical *** to its semantic rigor,this benchmark can be used to evaluate the common sense reasoning capabilities of neuro-symbolic systems.

关键词： reasoning Intelligence instance

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Yangtze River Delta Aerosol liquid water in Pm_(2.5)and its roles in secondary aerosol formation at a regional site of Yangtze River Delta

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 684-696页

作者： Ruifang Shi Fei Zhang Yemin shen Jiasi shen Bingye Xu Binyu Kuang Zhengning Xu Lingling Jin Qian Tang Xudong Tian Zhibin Wang College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and ControlZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 311215China Zhejiang Ecological and Environmental monitoring Center Hangzhou 310012China

Aerosol liquid water content(ALWC)plays an important role in secondary aerosol *** this study,a whole year field campaign was conducted at Shanxi in north Zhejiang Province during *** estimated by ISORROPIA-Ⅱ was then investigated to explore its characteristics and relationship with secondary *** exhibited a highest value in spring(66.38μg/m^(3)),followed by winter(45.08μg/m^(3)),summer(41.64μg/m^(3)),and autumn(35.01μg/m^(3)),*** was supposed that the secondary inorganic aerosols(SIA)were facilitated under higher ALWC conditions(RH>80%),while the secondary organic species tended to form under lower ALWC *** RH(>80%)promoted the NO_(3)^(-)formation via gas-particle partitioning,while SO_(4)^(2-)was generated at a relative lower RH(>50%).The ALWC was more sensitive to NO_(3)^(-)(R=0.94)than SO_(4)^(2-)(R=0.90).Thus,the self-amplifying processes between the ALWC and SIA enhanced the particle mass *** sensitivity of ALWC and OX(NO_(2)+O_(3))to secondary organic carbon(SOC)varied in different seasons at Shanxi,more sensitive to aqueous-phase reactions(daytime R=0.84;nighttime R=0.54)than photochemical oxidation(daytime R=0.23;nighttime R=0.41)in wintertime with a high level of OX(daytime:130-140μg/m^(3);nighttime:100-140μg/m^(3)).The self-amplifying process of ALWC and SIA and the aqueous-phase formation of SOC will enhance aerosol formation,contributing to air pollution and reduction of visibility.

关键词： Aerosol liquid water content Nitrate Sulfate Secondary organic compounds Aqueous-phase reaction

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Corrosion behavior and protection mechanism of carbon steel coated with ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene(ECTFE)

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2024年第6期25卷 502-515页

作者： Peihu shen Jun WEN Biqin DONG Hedong LI minjia WANG School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China College of Civil and Transportation Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518061China Zhejiang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co. Ltd.Hangzhou310023China

Ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene(ECTFE)coating was applied to the surface of carbon steel through electrostatic spraying and low-temperature heat *** morphology and structure of the coating were analyzed using various characterization *** electrochemical data of the coated steel soaked in 3.5%(mass fraction)NaCl solution for 90 d at different periods were also *** findings indicate that the outer surface of the coating remains structurally stable before and after soaking.F can diffuse into the steel substrate,facilitating the bonding between the coating and the steel substrate,but the free F also induces a weakening effect on the crystalline *** to the thickness of the coating edge and the susceptibility to infiltration of the corrosive medium,under-film micro-zone corrosion occurs at a slow *** soaking for 90 d,the impedance modulus measures approximately 10^(4)Ω·cm^(2),and the open circuit potential(OCP)is−0.61 *** self-corrosion current density is 1.13×10^(−6)A/cm^(2),resulting in a calculated coating protection rate of 99.29%.In summary,despite edge corrosion occurring,the ECTFE coating provides excellent corrosion protection.

关键词： Coating Fluorine resin Edge corrosion Corrosive behavior Electrochemical performance

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