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Experim.ntal study on the activation of coal gasification fly ash from industrial CFB gasifiers

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期65卷 8-18页

作者： Qiyao Yang Xiaobin Qi Qinggang Lyu Zhiping zhu north China Electric Power University Beijing 102206China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal Flexible Combustion and Thermal Conversion Datong 037000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Coal Clean Efficient Combustion and GasificationDatong 037000China

Coal gasification fly ash(CGFA)is an industrial solid waste from the coal circulating fluidized bed(CFB)gasification process,and it needs to be effectively disposed to achieve sustainable developm.nt of the *** realize the application of CGFA as a precursor of porous carbon materials,the physicochemical properties of three kinds of CGFA from industrial CFB gasifiers are ***,the activation potential of CGFA is acquired via steam activation experim.nts in a tube furnace ***,the fluidization activation technology of CGFA is practiced in a bench-scale CFB test rig,and its advantages are *** results show that CGFA is characterized by a high carbon content in the range of 54.06%–74.09%,an ultrafine particle size(d50:16.3–26.1 μm),and a relatively developed pore structure(specific surface area SSA:139.29–551.97 m^(2)·g^(-1)).The proportion of micropores in CGFA increases gradually with the coal *** activation experim.nts show that the pore developm.nt of CGFA mainly includes three stages:initial pore developm.nt,dynamic equilibrium between micropores and mesopores and pore *** SSA of lignite fly ash(LFA),subbitum.nous fly ash(SBFA)and anthracite fly ash(AFA)is maximally increased by 105%,13%and 72%after steam activation;the order of the largest carbon reaction rate and decomposition ratio of steam am.ng the three kinds of CGFA is SBFA>LFA>*** the ratio of oxygen to carbon during the fluidization activation of LFA is from 0.09 to 0.19,the carbon conversion ratio increases from 14.4%to 26.8%and the cold gas efficiency increases from 6.8%to 10.2%.The SSA of LFA increases by up to 53.9%during the fluidization activation process,which is mainly due to the mesoporous *** to steam activation in a tube furnace reactor,fluidization activation takes an extremely short time(seconds)to achieve the same activation *** is expected to further improve the activation effect of LFA by regulating the carbo

关键词： Circulating fluidized bed Coal gasification fly ash Steam activation Pore structure evolution Fluidization activation

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Enhancing lithium-sulfur battery perform.nce with In_(2)O_(3)-In_(2)S_(3)@nSC heterostructures:Synergistic effects of double barrier and catalytic transformation

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 105-114页

作者： Deqing He Chunyu zhu Yutao Huo Zhonghao Rao School of Energy and Environm.ntal Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300401China Hebei Key Laboratory of Thermal Science and Energy Clean Utilization Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300401China School of Low-carbon Energy and Power Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China

The sluggish redox reaction kinetics of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)are considered the main obstacle to the commercial application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)*** accelerate the conversion by catalysis and inhibit the shuttling of soluble LiPSs in Li-S batteries,a solution is proposed in this *** solution involves fabrication of n,S co-doped carbon coated In_(2)O_(3)/In_(2)S_(3)heterostructure(In_(2)O_(3)-In_(2)S_(3)@nSC)as a multifunctional host material for the *** In_(2)O_(3)-In_(2)S_(3)@nSC composite can reduce the Gibbs free energy for the conversion reactions of LiPSs,which results in superior *** synergy between different components in In_(2)O_(3)-In_(2)S_(3)@nSC and the unique 3D structure facilitate ion and electron transport in Li-S *** In_(2)O_(3)-In_(2)S_(3)@nSC/Li 2 S 6 cathode exhibits excellent rate capacity,with a capacity of 599 mAh g−1 at 5.5 C,and good cycle stability,with a capacity of 436 mAh g^(−1)after 1000 cycles at 1 ***,this study proposes a promising solution to improve the energy storage properties of Li-S batteries,which could potentially facilitate the commercialization of Li-S batteries.

关键词： Li-S battery multifunctional host material Synergy Heterostructures Energy storage properties

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Supplier Developm.nt under Supply Risk and Reputational Risk

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2024年第3期33卷 360-388页

作者： Zhaowei miao Yu Wang Rongjing zhu Lili Shangguan School of m.nagem.nt Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China School of Economics and m.nagem.nt Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

This paper considers the supplier investm.nt decision-making problem in a supply chain consisting of an original equipm.nt m.nufacturer(OEm),a global supplier,and a local *** reduce dependence on global suppliers and improve supply stability,we develop a differential game model to investigate the optimal investm.nt decisions of the OEm towards the local supplier under different risk scenarios and the impact of different risks on the optimal *** results show that investm.nt efficiency and risks have a significant impact on OEm investm.nt ***,when the OEm has higher investm.nt efficiency,investing in the local supplier is profitable for the OEm;conversely,when the investm.nt efficiency of the OEm is lower,it does not *** addition,an increase in the supply risk of the global supplier will lower the entry threshold for OEm investm.nt,but an increase in the supply risk of the local supplier and the reputational risk of both will increase this threshold,meaning that only the OEm with significantly higher investm.nt efficiency can profit.

关键词： Supplier investm.nt supplier developm.nt supply risk reputational risk dual sourcing

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Discontinuous phase diagram of amorphous carbons

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national Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 164-171页

作者： YinBo zhu ZhouYu Fang ZhongTing Zhang HengAn Wu CAS Key Laboratory of mechanical Behavior and Design of materials Department of Modern MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of nonlinear mechanics Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The short-range order and medium-range order of amorphous carbons dem.nstrated in experim.nts allow us to rethink whether there exist intrinsic properties hidden by atomic disordering. Here we presented six representative phases of amorphous carbons（0.1–3.4 g/cm3）, namely, disordered graphene network（DGn）, high-density amorphous carbon（HDAC）, amorphous diaphite（a-DG）, amorphous diam.nd（a-D）, paracrystalline diam.nd（p-D）, and nano-polycrystalline diam.nd（nPD）, respectively, classified by their topological features and microstructural characterizations that are comparable with experim.nts. To achieve a comprehensive physical landscape for amorphous carbons, a phase diagram was plotted in the sp3/sp2versus density plane, in which the counterintuitive discontinuity originates from the inherent difference in topological microstructures, further guiding us to discover a variety of phase transitions am.ng different amorphous carbons. Intriguingly, the power law, log（sp3/sp2） ∝ ρn, hints at intrinsic topology and hidden order in amorphous carbons, providing an insightful perspective to reacquaint atomic disorder in non-crystalline carbons.

关键词： amorphous carbons disordered carbons phase diagram microstructural topology phase transition

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micro-flow structure at regime transition from bubbling to turbulent fluidization in a fluidized bed

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Particuology 2024年第6期89卷 117-130页

作者： Chaoyu Yan Yue Yuan Xiaoyang Wei Jesse zhu State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing Beijing Key Laboratory of Process Fluid Filtration and SeparationCollege of Mechanical and Transportation EngineeringChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China China Beacons Institute The University of NottinghamNingbo315100China Departm.nt of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioN6A 5B9Canada

Gas-solid fluidized beds have found extensive utilization in frontline m.nufacturing,in particular as low-velocity *** fluidization status,the bubbling or turbulent flow regime and the transition in between,determ.ne the system perform.nce in practical *** the convoluted hydrodynamics are quantitively evaluated through numerous data-processing methodologies,none of them alone can reflect all the critical information to identify the transition from the bubbling to the turbulent ***,this study was to exploit a coupling data processing methodology,in the combination of standard deviation,power spectrum density,probability density function,wavelet transform,and wavelet multiresolution method,to jointly explain the micro-flow structure at the regime transition from bubbling to turbulent *** transient differential pressure fluctuation was measured for the evaluation in a fluidized bed(0.267 m i.d.×2.5 m height)with FCC catalysts(d_(p)=65μm,ρ_(p)=1780kg/m^(3))at different superficial gas velocities(0.02–1.4 m/s).The results show that the onset of turbulent fluidization starts earlier in the top section of the bed than in the bottom *** wavelet decomposition displays that the fluctuation of differential pressure mainly concentrates on the sub-signals with an intermediate frequency *** sub-signals could be synthesized into three types of scales(micro-scale,meso-scale,and macro-scale),representing the multi-scale hydrodynamics in the fluidized *** micro-scale signal has the characteristic information of bubbling fluidization,and the characteristic information of turbulent fluidization is mainly represented by the meso-scale *** work provides a systematic comprehension of fluidization status assessm.nt and serves as an impetus for more coupling analysis in this sector.

关键词： Flow regime transition Bubbling fluidization Turbulent fluidization micro-flow structure Differential pressure fluctuation

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Effectiveness of external prestressing in enhancing the non-ductile hanger failure mechanism in reinforced concrete inverted T-beams

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 1050-1065页

作者： Ahmed m.ATTA Reda n.BEHIRY mohammed I.HARAZ Structural Engineering Departm.nt Faculty of EngineeringTanta UniversityTanta 33511Egypt nile Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology Mansoura 11001Egypt

Recently,inverted T-beams have been used in reinforced concrete(RC)bridges to support transverse precast *** T-beams,contrary to practice with conventional beams,are loaded on the flanges upper *** loading configuration causes hanger failure due to the generation of vertical tensile stresses near the bottom of the *** key purpose of this study is to investigate the efficiency of vertical external prestressing stainless-steel bars in mitigating non-ductile hanger failure in reinforced concrete inverted *** experim.ntal study on six inverted-T beams,including two un-strengthened specim.ns,was carried *** study showed that the value of the prestressing level had a considerable impact on the perform.nce of hanger mechanism in relation to crack pattern,ultimate loads,cracking behavior,load-deflection,strains,and *** experim.ntal results indicated that the suggested method for strengthening inverted T-beams had efficacy in reducing the seriousness of the non-ductile hanger failure and resulted in a strength increase of up to 53% when compared to that of the un-strengthened ***,two analytical models for estimating the hanger capacity and the average crack width of the strengthened RC inverted T-beams were *** models that were proposed exhibited a high degree of agreem.nt with the experim.ntal results.

关键词： RC bridges inverted T-beams strengthening hanger failure external prestressing

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Towards a new avenue for rapid synthesis of electrocatalytic electrodes via laser-induced hydrothermal reaction for water splitting

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International Journal of Extreme m.nufacturing 2024年第1期6卷 340-351页

作者： Yang Sha m.nghui zhu Kun Huang Yang Zhang Francis moissinac Zhizhou Zhang Dongxu Cheng Paul mativenga zhu Liu Departm.nt of materials School of Natural SciencesThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Laser Processing Research Centre Department of MechanicalAerospace and Civil EngineeringSchool of EngineeringThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom national Graphene Institute The University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science School of EngineeringThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Research Centre for Laser Extreme m.nufacturing Ningbo Institute of Materials Engineering and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNingboPeople’s Republic of China

Electrochemical production of hydrogen from water requires the developm.nt ofelectrocatalysts that are active,stable,and low-cost for water *** address these challenges,researchers are increasingly exploring binder-free electrocatalytic integratedelectrodes (IEs) as an alternative to conventional powder-based electrode preparation methods,for the former is highly desirable to improve the catalytic activity and long-term stability for large-scale applications of ***,we dem.nstrate a laser-inducedhydrothermal reaction (LIHR) technique to grow nimoO4nanosheets on nickel foam,which is then calcined under H2/Ar mixed gases to prepare the IE *** electrode exhibits superior hydrogen evolution reaction perform.nce,requiring overpotentials of 59,116 and143 mV to achieve current densities of 100,500 and 1000 mA·*** the 350 h chronopotentiometry test at current densities of 100 and 500 m A·cm-2,the overpotentialremains essentially *** addition,niFe-layered double hydroxide grown on ni foam is also fabricated with the same LIHR method and coupled with IE-nimo-IR to achieve water *** combination exhibits excellent durability under industrial current *** energy consumption and production efficiency of the LIHR method are systematicallycompared with the conventional hydrothermal *** LIHR method significantly improves the production rate by over 19 times,while consum.ng only 27.78%of the total energy required by conventional hydrothermal methods to achieve the same production.

关键词： electrocatalytic electrode laser-induced hydrothermal reaction niFe layered double hydroxides hydrogen evolution reaction water splitting energy consumption production rate

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Direct microwave leaching conditions of rare earth elem.nts in fluorescent wastes

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1165-1174,I0007页

作者： A.Bilen B.Birol m.n.Saridede S.S.Kaplan m.S.Sonmez Departm.nt of metallurgical and materials Engineering Yildiz Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey Departm.nt of Chemical Engineering and materials Science Stevens Institute of TechnologyNew JereyUSA Departm.nt of metallurgical and materials Engineering Istanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey

The lum.nescent phosphor powder in the fluorescent lamp constitutes 2%of the lamp’s *** can be m.ntioned that fluorescent wastes are a crucial raw material to produce rare earth *** the present study,microwave leaching process was conducted to dissolve rare earth elem.nts yttrium(Y),europium(Eu),and remaining rare earth elem.nts(REEs)present in the phosphor powder of the fluorescent *** the yields were *** the microwave leaching process,the effects of the temperature(80-160℃),acid type(hydrochloric acid(HCl),nitric acid(HnO_(3)),sulphuric acid(H_(2)SO_(4))),acid concentration(0.5-6 mol/L),solid to liquid ratio(0.1:10-0.5:10)and reaction time(5-90 m.n)parameters on leaching efficiencies of varying rare earth elem.nts and calcium were *** highest yield was obtained in the direct microwave leaching of fluorescent waste with the experim.ntal conditions of 6 mol/L HCl,160℃,0.1:10 solid-to-liquid ratio(S:L),and 90 *** energy calculations were made,and kinetic models of the reactions were obtained,and it is observed that Y and Eu dissolution is diffusion-controlled,on the other hand,lanthanum(La),cerium(Ce),and terbium(Tb)were exam.ned to be chemical reaction ***,calcium(Ca)and gadolinium(Gd)seem coherent with the mixed ***,mathematical models of all experim.ntal studies are created with the response surface Box-Behnken method and the correlation coefficients of all the models are over 90%.

关键词： Rare earth elem.nts(REEs) Direct microwave leaching Fluorescent waste Kinetic models Response surface method

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IR-YOLO: Real-Time Infrared Vehicle and Pedestrian Detection

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Computers, materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 2667-2687页

作者： Xiao Luo Hao zhu Zhenli Zhang Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering and Automation Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou341000China Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of maglev Technology Ganzhou341000China Graduate School of Information Production and SystemsWaseda UniversityKitakyushu-shiFukuoka808-0135Japan

Road traffic safety can decrease when drivers drive in a low-visibility *** application of visual perception technology to detect vehicles and pedestrians in infrared images proves to be an effective means of reducing the risk of *** tackle the challenges posed by the low recognition accuracy and the substan-tial computational burden associated with current infrared pedestrian-vehicle detection methods,an infrared pedestrian-vehicle detection method A proposal is presented,based on an enhanced version of You Only Look Once version 5(YOLOv5).First,A head specifically designed for detecting small targets has been integrated into the model to make full use of shallow feature information to enhance the accuracy in detecting small ***,the Focal Generalized Intersection over Union(GIoU)is employed as an alternative to the original loss function to address issues related to target overlap and category ***,the distribution shift convolution optimization feature extraction operator is used to alleviate the computational burden of the model without significantly compromising detection *** test results of the improved algorithm show that its average accuracy(mAP)reaches 90.1%.Specifically,the Giga Floating Point Operations Per second(GFLOPs)of the improved algorithm is only *** contrast,the improved algorithms outperformed the other algorithms on similar GFLOPs,such as YOLOv6n(11.9),YOLOv8n(8.7),YOLOv7t(13.2)and YOLOv5s(16.0).The mAPs that are 4.4%,3%,3.5%,and 1.7%greater than those of these algorithms show that the improved algorithm achieves higher accuracy in target detection tasks under similar computational resource *** the other hand,compared with other algorithms such as YOLOv8l(91.1%),YOLOv6l(89.5%),YOLOv7(90.8%),and YOLOv3(90.1%),the improved algorithm.needs only 5.5%,2.3%,8.6%,and 2.3%,respectively,of the *** improved algorithm has shown significant advancem.nts in balancing accuracy and computati

关键词： Traffic safety infrared image pedestrians and vehicles focal GIoU distributed shift convolution

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Concentration-dependent effects of reductive pulm.nary inhalants on ultrafine particle-induced oxidative stress:Insights for health risk assessm.nt

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Environm.ntal Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第3期19卷 118-124页

作者： Ya-qi Yu Tong zhu BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871PR China School of Environm.ntal Science and Engineering Qingdao UniversityQingdao266071PR China

The impact of reductive pulm.nary inhalants on ultrafine particles(UFPs)-induced pulm.nary oxidative stress remains a crucial consideration,yet the concentration-dependent effects of these inhalants have remained *** we synthesized composite UFPs simulating atmospheric UFPs,primarily composed of metals and *** subjected these UFPs to varying concentrations(0e7000 mm)of two reductive pulm.nary inhalants,n-acetylcysteine and salbutamol,to assess their influence on oxidative potential,measured through the dithiothreitol assay(OP^(DTT)).Simultaneously,we analysed the soluble metal content of UFPs to uncover potential relationships between oxidative potential and metal *** results unveil a dual role played by these inhalants in shaping the OPDTT of composite ***,OP^(DTT) generally increased as inhalant concentrations rose from 0 to 300 ***,an intriguing reversal occurred when concentrations exceeded 500 mm,resulting in a decline in *** to untreated UFPs,these inhalants induced promotion and inhibition effects within concentration ranges of 100e500 and>1000 mm,*** no significant correlation emerged between OP^(DTT) and soluble metal content as inhalant concentrations ranged from 0 to 7000 mm.noteworthy positive correlations emerged at lower inhalant concentrations(e.g.,n-acetylcysteine at 0 e300 mm).These findings provide insights into the potential influence of reductive pulm.nary inhalants on health risks associated with UFP exposure,further underscoring the need for continued research in this critical area.

关键词： Concentration-dependent effects Oxidative potential Reductive pulm.nary inhalants Soluble metals Simulated atmospheric ultrafine particles

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