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The modern Problems of Sustainable Use and management of Irrigated Lands on the Example of the bukhara Region (Uzbekistan)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2015年第12期7卷 956-971页

作者： R. Kulmatov A. Rasulov D. Kulmatova b. Rozilhodjaev m. Groll Department of Applied Ecology National University of Uzbekistan Tashkent Uzbekistan Department of Applied Ecology National University of Uzbekistan Tashkent Uzbekistan Pedagogical University Named after Nizami Tashkent Uzbekistan Faculty of Geography University of Marburg Marburg Germany

The Central Asian lowlands are characterized by an arid and continental climate. At the same time, the large streams and rivers have been providing water for the development of flourishing oases and extensive irrigated farming areas. bukhara is one of those oases. The population of 1.7 mln. and especially the agricultural sector (with an irrigated area of 275,000 ha) use a considerable amount of water. but as the flat topography does not provide sufficient natural drainage, water logging and raising groundwater tables have become serious problems for the agricultural productivity. The combination of the high salinity of the irrigation water and the generous application of fertilizers leads to a widespread soil salinization. Excessive leaching is supposed to reduce the top soil salinity, but as the drainage system is only covering a small portion of the irrigated areas and is in need of maintenance, this process only contributes to the ongoing salinization and the reduction of soil fertility and crop yields. The data presented here for the years 2000 to 2013 indicate that the groundwater table is rising throughout the region while the groundwater salinity is decreasing. The soil salinity on the other hand is, after an improvement during the first half of the study period, slightly increasing since 2009, which also is reflected in the slight worsening of the condition of the reclaimed land during the same period.

关键词： Water Resources Water Quality Irrigation Farming Groundwater Soil Salinization Uzbekistan Central Asia

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Wearable and stretchable conductive polymer composites for strain sensors:How to design a superior one?

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Nano materials Science 2023年第4期5卷 392-403页

作者： Liwei Lin Sumin Park Yuri Kim minjun bae Jeongyeon Lee Wang Zhang Jiefeng Gao Sun ha Paek Yuanzhe Piao Department of Applied bioengineering Graduate School of Convergence Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea Department of Neurosurgery Movement Disorder CenterSeoul National University HospitalHypoxia/Ischemia Disease InstituteCancer Research InstituteSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoul03080South Korea School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225002China Institute of Textiles and Clothing The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR999077China Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology 145 Gwanggyo-roYeongtong-guSuwon-siGyeonggi-do443-270South Korea

Wearable and stretchable strain sensors have potential values in the fields of human motion and health monitoring,flexible electronics,and soft robotic *** wearable and stretchable strain sensors can be directly attached to human skin,providing visualized detection for human motions and personal *** polymer composites(CPC)composed of conductive fillers and flexible polymers have the advantages of high stretchability,good flexibility,superior durability,which can be used to prepare flexible strain sensors with large working strain and outstanding *** review has put forward a comprehensive summary on the fabrication methods,advanced mechanisms and strain sensing abilities of CPC strain sensors reported in recent years,especially the sensors with superior ***,the structural design,bionic function,integration technology and further application of CPC strain sensors are prospected.

关键词： Wearable strain sensors Conductive polymer composites mechanism Sensing performance

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Facile Synthesis of Porous Carbon Nitride Spheres with Hierarchical Three-Dimensional mesostructures for CO_(2) Capture

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Nano Research 2010年第9期3卷 632-642页

作者： Qiang Li Jianping Yang Dan Feng Zhangxiong Wu Qingling Wu Sung Soo Park Chang-Sik ha Dongyuan Zhao Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of molecularCatalysis and Innovative materials Laboratory of Advanced MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Pusan National UniversityGeumjeong-guBusan 609-735Korea

Porous carbon nitride(CN)spheres with partially crystalline frameworks have been successfully synthesized via a nanocasting approach by using spherical mesoporous cellular silica foams(mCFs)as a hard template,and ethylenediamine and carbon tetrachloride as *** resulting spherical CN materials have uniform diameters of ca.4μm,hierarchical three-dimensional(3-D)mesostructures with small and large mesopores with pore diameters centered at ca.4.0 and 43 nm,respectively,a relatively high bET surface area of~550 m^(2)/g,and a pore volume of 0.90 cm^(3)/***-resolution transmission electron microscope(HRTEm)images,wide-angle X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns,and Raman spectra demonstrate that the porous CN material has a partly graphitized *** addition,elemental analyses,X-ray photoelectron spectra(XPS),Fourier transform infrared spectra(FT-IR),and CO_(2) temperature-programmed desorption(CO_(2)-TPD)show that the material has a high nitrogen content(17.8 wt%)with nitrogen-containing groups and abundant basic *** hierarchical porous CN spheres have excellent CO_(2) capture properties with a capacity of 2.90 mmol/g at 25℃and 0.97 mmol/g at 75℃,superior to those of the pure carbon materials with analogous *** can be mainly attributed to the abundant nitrogen-containing basic groups,hierarchical mesostructure,relatively high bET surface area and stable ***,the presence of a large number of micropores and small mesopores also enhance the CO_(2) capture performance,owing to the capillary condensation effect.

关键词： mesoporous materials carbon nitride nanocasting sphere hard template CO_(2)capture

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between and Within-Farm Variability in Soil Fertility management and Status in the Central Highlands of Kenya

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2011年第2X期1卷 270-284页

作者： J. m. muthamia D. N. mugendi J. b. Kung'u b. Vanlauwe Department of Environmental Sciences Kenyatta University P.O. Box 43844-00100 Nairobi Kenya Tropical Soil biology and Fertility Institute of CIA T P.O. Box 30766-00100 Nairobi Kenya

The processes of nutrient depletion and soil degradation within smallholder farms of central Kenya are spatially heterogeneous, determined by both biophysical and socio-economic factors. A monitoring study involving nutrient stocks, flows and balances was conducted in central Kenya to explore between and within-farm variability in soil fertility management and identify spatial niches for targeting soil fertility management strategies. Focus group discussions were conducted and farms grouped into 3 farm types （rich, medium and poor）. Nine case-study farms - three from each of the farm types - were randomly selected from the 50 farms studied, for detailed resource flow mapping. The farms were visited to record movement of nutrients inputs using a monitoring protocol covering soil, crops, livestock, and socio-economic aspects of the farm. Soil in different plots were sampled at a depth of 0-20 cm and analyzed for texture, pH, C, N, available P, exchangeable K＋, mg2＋ and Ca2＋. Results revealed that wealthy farmers added an average of 51.3 kg/ha N, 37 kg/ha P, and 244 kg/ha K, compared to 25.9 kg/ha N, 14.5 kg/ha P and 50.7 kg/ha K for the poor farmers. In all farm types, home fields received more nutrient inputs compared to the outfields. Consequently, maize grain yields, partial nutrient balances and soil nutrient stocks were significantly higher in wealthy farms and home fields compared to poor farms and outfields, respectively. These results imply that different soil management strategies are required to achieve similar yields on the different field and farm types and avert soil degradation.

关键词： Soil fertility home fields outfields soil degradation soil nutrient budgets.

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Land Leveling with modern machinery for the Implementation of Agricultural Activities in Greece

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2011年第6期5卷 765-770页

作者： E.A. Karagiannis P.b. Kararizos K.P Zannis m.G. Kalaitzi Institute of Forest Engineering and Surveying School of Forestry and Natural Environment Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54124 Greece

Incorporating modem and advanced technology （various electronic devices） to excavational machinery led to become more efficient, better quality and cost effective. The continuous development of equipment is also very important in the earth moving procedures which require significant time and expense to achieve the so-called ＂precision agriculture＂ or rather ＂precise management of agricultural inputs＂. One of the ＂precision agricultural＂ works is the land leveling. In recent years, land leveling is done with the use of a scraper （blade） mounted on the agricultural tractor. An electronic system controls the height of the blade automatically, without any operator intervention. In this paper, the field efficiency of the tractor mF6290, of 135 Hp horsepower, is calculated with a leveling blade of 4 m width, in the land leveling of rice cultivation, and in the rotation of different crops in different land preparation conditions （initial and final slope） in the area of Thessaloniki, northern Greece. The raw data revealed that the performance of the tractor ranged from 0.402 to 0.82 lha/h, on a slope 0%, while for surfaces with different initial and final slope, it ranged from 0.107 to 0.118 ha/h.

关键词： Land leveling rice cultivation crop rotation efficiency

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Effects of moxibustion or moxa smoke on serum lipids and carotid plaque stability in atherosclerotic mice

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Journal of Traditional Chinese medical Sciences 2020年第3期7卷 325-332页

作者： Rui Zhang Lue ha Rui He Yueping Huang hao Wang baixiao Zhao School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing100029China

Objective:To observe the effects of moxibustion or moxa smoke on serum lipids,aorta and liver pathology,and carotid plaque stability in ***:Fifty-four 8-week-old ApoE^-/- mice were randomly divided into three groups(untreated,moxibustion,and moxa smoke)and received a high-fat *** wild-type C57 bL/6 mice of the same age were used as *** intervention(none,moxibustion between the nipples,or 10 e15 mg/m^3 moxa smoke)was applied to restrained mice 20 min per day,six days per week,for 12 *** the end of the experimental period,we measured serum lipids and apolipoprotein,stained thoracic aortas and livers to observe pathological changes,and used immunohistochemical staining to assess the levels of a-smooth muscle actin,CD68,tumor necrosis factor-α,nuclear transcription factor-κb,and P38 mitogen-activated protein *** also measured the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 and tissue metalloproteinase ***:After 12 weeks,lipid metabolism disorder and atherosclerotic plaques were observed in the ApoE^-/- *** or moxa smoke reduced the levels of serum total cholesterol,triglycerides,low density lipoprotein,and very low density lipoprotein but did not affect the levels of high density lipoprotein,apolipoprotein A1,or oxidized low density *** or moxa smoke suppressed pathological changes in thoracic aortas and livers,increased fiber cap thickness,the fiber cap thickness/intimal medial thickness ratio,and collagen area percentage,and reduced extracellular *** with moxibustion or moxa smoke increased a-smooth muscle actin and reduced CD68 and the vulnerability index,suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α and nuclear transcription factor-κb expression,and did not affect P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase *** lowered the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 and increased those of tissue metalloproteinase ***:moxibustion or moxa smo

关键词： Atherosclerosis matrix metalloproteinase Vulnerability index Tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor

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Comparison of the meibomian gland dysfunction in patients with chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease and Sjogren's syndrome

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第3期12卷 393-400页

作者： Won Choi Jun Young ha Ying Li Jung han Choi Yong Sok Ji Kyung Chul Yoon Department of Ophthalmology and Research Institute of medical Sciences Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital

AIm: To investigate the abnormalities in the meibomian gland in patients with dry eye disease(DED) associated with chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease(coGVHD) in comparison with Sj?gren's syndrome(SS), a major form of aqueous deficient DED and meibomian gland dysfunction(mGD), a common cause of evaporative ***: A total 135 eyes of 135 subjects included in this study: patients with DED associated with coGVHD(n=30), patients with SS(n=35), patients with mGD(n=35), and normal controls(n=35). All participants completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI) questionnaire, ocular surface examination [Schirmer test, tear film breakup time(TFbUT), and ocular surface staining], and meibomian gland assessment [meiboscore(gland dropout detected on meibography using infrared camera of the Keratograph 5 m), meibum expressibility score(mES), meibum quality score(mQS), lid margin abnormality]. In addition, correlations of meibomian gland characteristics with ocular surface parameters as well as disease severity score were investigated in coGVHD ***: The coGVHD group showed significantly higher meiboscore, mES, and mQS than the other 3 groups(all Pmeters of meibomian gland showed a significant correlation each other and those of ocular surface. The correlation between meibomian gland parameters and severity score of co GVHD was also established(meiboscore, r=0.62; mES, r=0.47; mQS, r=0.47; lid margin abnormality score, r=0.55; all Pmorphology and worse glandfunction than other types of DED. In addition, meibomian gland damage is not only associated with ocular surface damage but also disease severity of coGVHD.

关键词： chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease Sjogren's syndrome dry eye disease meibomian gland dysfunction meibography

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Influence of phosphorus on the performance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.) varieties in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria

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Agricultural Sciences 2011年第3期2卷 313-317页

作者： A. Singh A. L. baoule H. G Ahmed A. U. Dikko U. Aliyu m. b. Sokoto J. Alhassan m. musa b. haliru Department of Crop Science Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria Department of Crop Science Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria

Savanna regions of Nigeria are deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus, which retard the growth and yield of crops. Therefore, a study was conducted in the wet season of 2006 at the Dry Land Teaching and Research Farm of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto to evaluate the effect of phosphorus on the growth and yield of two cowpea varieties sourced from Republic of Niger. Treatment consisted of four (4) rates of phosphorus (0, 20, 40, 60 ***–1) factorialy combined with (2) varieties of cowpea (kvx303096G and TN5-78) and laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCbD) replicated three (3) times. Results showed significant response to applied P on pods per plant, grain and stover yield and 100-seed weight with highest response to the application of 60 ***–1. From this study it can be concluded that KVX303096G and TN5-78 could both be sown under Sokoto condition to obtain reasonable yield of about 1 ***–1 of grain and 1.6 ***–1 of stover. Irrespective of the varieties, application of 60 kg P2O5 ha–1 could be recommended for higher yield of cowpea (1.4 ***–1) relative to 0 ***–1 that yielded 1.0 ***–1.

关键词： Cowpea [Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Phosphorus Sudan Savanna Nigeria

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Dopant-Tunable Ultrathin Transparent Conductive Oxides for Efficient Energy Conversion Devices

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Nano-micro Letters 2021年第12期13卷 437-451页

作者： Dae Yun Kang bo-Hyun Kim Tae Ho Lee Jae Won Shim Sungmin Kim ha-Jun Sung Kee Joo Chang Tae Geun Kim School of Electrical Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Department of Advanced materials Engineering Kongju National UniversityCheonan 31080Republic of Korea Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon 34141Republic of Korea

Ultrathin film-based transparent conductive oxides(TCOs)with a broad work function(WF)tunability are highly demanded for e cient energy conversion ***,reducing the film thickness below 50 nm is limited due to rapidly increasing resistance;furthermore,introducing dopants into TCOs such as indium tin oxide(ITO)to reduce the resistance decreases the transparency due to a trade-o between the two ***,we demonstrate dopant-tunable ultrathin(≤50 nm)TCOs fabricated via electric field-driven metal implantation(m-TCOs;m=Ni,Ag,and Cu)without com-promising their innate electrical and optical *** m-TCOs exhibit a broad WF variation(0.97 eV),high transmittance in the UV to visible range(89–93%at 365 nm),and low sheet resistance(30–60Ωcm-2).Experimental and theoretical analyses show that interstitial metal atoms mainly a ect the change in the WF without substantial losses in optical *** m-ITOs are employed as anode or cathode electrodes for organic light-emitting diodes(LEDs),inorganic UV LEDs,and organic photovoltaics for their universal use,leading to outstanding performances,even without hole injection layer for OLED through the WF-tailored *** results verify the proposed m-TCOs enable e ective carrier transport and light extraction beyond the limits of traditional TCOs.

关键词： Transparent conductive oxide metal implantation High transparency Low sheet resistance Work function

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Synergistic Effect of Anthropogenic Disturbances on Offspring Demography of <i>Pentadesma butyracea</i>(Clusiaceae), a Threatened Tree Species in benin (West-Africa)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第8期10卷 1374-1390页

作者： m’mouyohoun Kouagou Olivier E. b. Ahouandjinou Laurent Houessou Aliou Dicko Armand Kuyema Natta Laboratory of Ecology Botany and Plant Biology Parakou Republic of Benin Faculty of Agronomy University of Parakou Parakou Republic of Benin

Understanding how ecological differences and anthropogenic disturbances synergistically drive population dynamics decline is critical for optimal management strategy definition. main anthropogenic disturbances such as habitat size reduction, fire and non-timber forest harvest affect demographic processes but our understanding of their interaction effects in contrasted ecological conditions is limited. We investigated the interaction effects of fruit harvest, fire, gallery forest size and distance to streambed on density, recruitment, survival and growth of Pentadesma butyracea offspring in dry and moist ecological conditions. We randomly selected in each ecological region six P. butyracea populations. We then established in each population, 10 subplots of 100 m2 within 1 ha to assess offspring demographic performance from 2015 to 2017. Results showed that fire suppressed the positive effect of large habitat size and amplified the negative effect of increasing local aridity on offspring growth. Fire and harvest synergistically reduced growth whereas offspring growth was resilient to fire in moist ecological region. moist ecological conditions mitigated the negative effect of harvest on growth. harvest mitigated the surprise negative effect of large habitat size on survival. However, in large gallery size, high harvest limited clonal recruitment and growth. There was a positive interaction effect between harvest and distance to streambed on survival (High harvest, Z = 2.045, p = 0.041, medium, Z = 2.060, p = 0.039) but a negative interaction effect on growth (High, t = -2.357, p 0.05). Clonal offspring grew faster than sexual offspring in high harvest populations. In moist region, offspring survived better in large gallery forest size. In 2017, survival and growth were lower in large gallery forest. In 2017, offspring growth was higher near the riverbed where the survival rate low. This study suggests that management strategies should consider the interaction effects

关键词： Fire habitat Size Reduction multiple Stressors Pentadesma butyracea Survival-Growth Trade-Off

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