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Characterization of bright betatron radiation generated by direct laser acceleration of electrons in plasma of near critical density

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matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 26-35页

作者： J.Cikhardt m.Gyrdymov S.Zähter P.Tavana m.m.Günther N.Bukharskii N.Borisenko J.Jacoby X.F.Shen A.Pukhov N.E.Andreev O.N.Rosmej Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague16627 Prague 6Czech Republic Goethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Straße 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany Focused Energy GmbH Im Tiefen See 4564293 DarmstadtGermany National Research Nuclear University mEPhI Kashirskoe shosse 31115409 MoscowRussian Federation Lebedev Physical Institute RAS Leninskiy Prospekt 53119991 MoscowRussian Federation Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1DüsseldorfGermany Joint Institute for High Temperatures RASIzhorskaya st.13Bldg.2125412 MoscowRussian Federation moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Institutskiy Pereulok 9141700 DolgoprudnyRussia

Directed x-rays produced in the interaction of sub-picosecond laser pulses of moderate relativistic intensity with plasma of near-critical density are investigated. Synchrotron-like (betatron) radiation occurs in the process of direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons in a relativisticlaser channel when the electrons undergo transverse betatron oscillations in self-generated quasi-static electric and magnetic fields. In anexperiment at the PHELIX laser system, high-current directed beams of DLA electrons with a mean energy ten times higher than the ponderomotive potential and maximum energy up to 100 meV were measured at 10^(19) W/cm^(2)laser intensity. The spectrum of directed x-raysin the range of 5–60 keV was evaluated using two sets of Ross filters placed at 0°and 10°to the laser pulse propagation axis. The differential x-ray absorption method allowed for absolute measurements of the angular-dependent photon fluence. We report 10^(13) photons/sr withenergies >5 keV measured at 0°to the laser axis and a brilliance of 10^(21) photons s^(−1) mm^(−2) mrad−2(0.1%BW)−1. The angular distributionof the emission has an FWHm of 14°–16°. Thanks to the ultra-high photon fluence, point-like radiation source, and ultra-short emissiontime, DLA-based keV backlighters are promising for various applications in high-energy-density research with kilojoule petawatt-class laserfacilities.

关键词： laser acceleration critical

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SmILE soft X-ray Imager flight model CCD370 pre-flight device characterisation

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 25-38页

作者： S.Parsons D.J.Hall O.Hetherington T.W.Buggey T.Arnold m.W.J.Hubbard A.Holland Centre for Electronic Imaging the Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK

Throughout the SmILE mission the satellite will be bombarded by radiation which gradually damages the focal plane devices and degrades their *** order to understand the changes of the CCD370s within the soft X-ray Imager,an initial characterisation of the devices has been carried out to give a baseline performance *** CCDs have been characterised,the two flight devices and the flight spa *** has been carried out at the Open University in a bespo ke cleanroom measure ment *** results show that there is a cluster of bright pixels in the flight spa re which increases in size with tempe *** at the nominal ope rating tempe rature(-120℃) it is within the procure ment ***,the devices meet the specifications when ope rating at -120℃ in 6 × 6 binned frame transfer science *** se rial charge transfer inefficiency degrades with temperature in full frame *** any charge losses are recovered when binning/frame transfer is implemented.

关键词： CCD soft X-ray imager characterisation SmILE

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One-neutron stripping process in the^(209)Bi(^(6)Li,^(5)Li)^(210)Bi*reaction reaction

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第6期35卷 120-129页

作者： Gao-Long Zhang Zhen-Wei Jiao Guang-Xin Zhang E.N.Cardozo B.Paes Shi-Peng Hu Jian-Qiang Qian Daniele mengoni Wei-Wei Qu Cong-Bo Li Yun Zheng Huan-Qiao Zhang Hui-Bin Sun Nan Wang Chun-Lei Zhang J.J.Valiente-Dobón D.Testov m.mazzocco A.Gozzelino C.Parascandolo D.Pierroutsakou m.La Commara A.Goasduff D.Bazzacco D.R.Napoli F.Galtarossa F.Recchia A.Illana S.Bakes I.Zanon S.Aydin Gde Angelis m.Siciliano R.menegazzo S.m.Lenzi S.Akkoyun L.F.Canto J.Lubian School of Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Instituto de Física Universidade Federal Fluminense24210-340 NiteróiRio de JaneiroBrazil Laboratorio TANDAR Comisión Nacional de Energía AtómicaBKNA1650 San MartíınArgentina Institute for Advanced Study in Nuclear Energy and Safety Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Research and manufacture of High Purity Germanium materials and Fetectors Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China INFN Sezione di PadovaPaduaItaly Dipartimento di fisica Astronomia dell’Universita di padova PaduaItaly State Key Laboratory of Radiation medicine and Protection School of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413China The Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and material modification of ministry of Education College of Nuclear Science and TechnologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro INFN35020 LegnaroItaly INFN Sezione di Napoli80126 NaplesItaly Dipartimento di Farmacia Universitàdi Napoli“Federico II”80131 NaplesItaly Department of Natural and mathematical Sciences Faculty of EngineeringTarsus University33480 MersinTurkey Physics Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemontILUSA Department of Physics Sivas Cumhuriyet UniversitySivasTurkey Instituto de Física Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro CP 6852821941-972Brazil

One-neutron stripping process between^(6)Li and^(209)Bi was studied at 28,30,and 34 meV using the in-beamγ-ray spectroscopy ***γ-γcoincident analysis clearly identified twoγ-rays feeding the ground and long-lived isomeric states,which were employed to determine the cross *** one-neutron stripping cross sections were similar to the cross sections of complete fusion in the^(6)Li+^(209)Bi system,but the one-neutron stripping cross sections decreased more gradually at the sub-barrier region.A coupled-reaction-channel calculation was performed to study the detailed reaction mechanism of the one-neutron stripping process in^(6)*** calculations indicated that the first excited state of 5 Li is critical in the actual one-neutron transfer mechanism,and the valence proton of 209Bi can be excited to the low-lying excited state in(^(6)Li,^(5)Li)reaction,unlike in the(d,p)reaction.

关键词： Transfer reaction Weakly bound nuclei Cross section

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Study on the performance of thin-film VCSELs on composite metal substrate

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2023年第4期16卷 1-11页

作者： William Anderson Lee Sanchez Shreekant Sinha Po‑Yu Wang ray‑Hua Horng Institute of Electronics Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010China

Thin film p-side up vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers(VCSELs)with 940 nm wavelength on a composite metal(Copper/Invar/Copper;CIC)substrate has been demonstrated by twice-bonding transfer and substrate removing *** CIC substrate is a sandwich structure with a 10µm thick Copper(Cu)layer/30µm thick Invar layer/10µm thick Cu *** Invar layer was composed of Iron(Fe)and Nickel(Ni)with a proportion of 70:*** thermal expansion coefcient of the composite CIC metal can match that of the GaAs *** results that the VCSEL layers can be successfully transferred to CIC metal substrate without *** 1 mA current,the top-emitting VCSEL/GaAs and thin-flm VCSEL/CIC had a voltage of 1.39 and 1.37 V,*** optical output powers of VCSEL/GaAs and VCSEL/CIC were 21.91 and 24.40 mW,*** 50µm thick CIC substrate can play a good heat dissipation function,which results in improving the electrical and optical characteristics of thin flm VCSELs/*** VCSEL/CIC exhibited a superior thermal management capability as compared with VCSEL/*** obtained data suggested that VCSELs on a composite metal substrate not only afected signifcantly the characteristics of thin film VCSEL,but also improved considerably the device thermal performance.

关键词： Thin film VCSELs GaAs substrate Composite metal CIC substrate Twice-bonding transfer Electrical properties Heat dissipation

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The Phosphate Transporter PHT4;6 Is a Determinant of Salt Tolerance that Is Localized to the Golgi Apparatus of Arabidopsis

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molecular Plant 2009年第3期2卷 535-552页

作者： Beatriz Cubero Yuko Nakagawa Xing-Yu Jiang Ken-Ji miura Fang Li Kashchandra G. Raghothama ray A. Bressan Paul m. Hasegawa Jose m. Pardo Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas Avda Reina Mercedes 10 Sevilla-41012 Spain Center for Environmental Stress Physiology Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907-2010 USA Present address: Ichinoseki National College of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Takanashi Hagisyo Ichinoseki 021-8511 Japan Present address: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Gene Research Center 220 1-1-1 Ten-nou dai University of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305-8572 Japan

Insertion mutations that disrupt the function of PHT4;6 （At5g44370） cause NaCI hypersensitivity of Arabidopsis seedlings that is characterized by reduced growth of the primary root, enhanced lateral branching, and swelling of root tips. mutant phenotypes were exacerbated by sucrose, but not by equiosmolar concentrations of mannitol, and attenuated by low inorganic phosphate in the medium. Protein PHT4;6 belongs to the major Facilitator Superfamily of permeases that shares significant sequence similarity to mammalian type-I Pi transporters and vesicular glutamate transporters, and is a member of the PHT4 family of putative intracellular phosphate transporters of plants. PHT4;6 localizes to the Golgi membrane and transport studies indicate that PHT4;6 facilitates the selective transport of Pi but not of chloride or inorganic anions. Phenotypic similarities with other mutants displaying root swelling suggest that PHT4;6 likely functions in protein N-glycosylation and cell wall biosynthesis, which are essential for salt tolerance. Together, our results indicate that PHT4;6 transports Pi out of the Golgi lumenal space for the re-cycling of the Pi released from glycosylation processes.

关键词： Phosphate transport Golgi glycosylation salt stress.

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The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)on the SmILE mission

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 5-14页

作者： S.Sembay A.L.Alme D.Agnolon T.Arnold A.Beardmore A.Belén Balado margeli C.Bicknell C.Bouldin G.Branduardi-raymont T.Crawford J.P.Breuer T.Buggey G.Butcher R.Canchal J.A.Carter A.Cheney Y.Collado-Vega H.Connor T.Crawford N.Eaton C.Feldman C.Forsyth T.Frantzen G.Galgóczi J.Garcia G.Y.Genov C.Gordillo H-P.Gröbelbauer m.Guedel Y.Guo m.Hailey D.Hall R.Hampson J.Hasiba O.Hetherington A.Holland S-Y.Hsieh m.W.J.Hubbard H.Jeszenszky m.Jones T.Kennedy K.Koch-mehrin S.Kögl S.Krucker K.D.Kuntz C.Lakin G.Laky O.Lylund A.martindale J.miguel mas Hesse R.Nakamura K.Oksavik N.Østgaard H.Ottacher R.Ottensamer C.Pagani S.Parsons P.Patel J.Pearson G.Peikert F.S.Porter T.Pouliantis B.H.Qureshi W.Raab G.Randal A.m.Read N.m.m.Roque m.E.Rostad C.Runciman S.Sachdev A.Samsonov m.Soman D.Sibeck S.Smit J.Søndergaard R.Speight S.Stavland m.Steller TianRan Sun J.Thornhill W.Thomas K.Ullaland B.Walsh D.Walton C.Wang S.Yang School of Physics and Astronomy University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Space Park Leicester University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK m.llard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonDorkingRH56NTUK Centre for Electronic Imaging Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76 AAUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and TechnologyUniv.of BergenN-5007 BergenNorway University of Vienna A-1010 ViennaAustria Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesA-8042 GrazAustria National Institute of Aerospace Technology MadridSpain ESTEC European Space Agency2201 AZ NoordwijkNetherlands State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CentreBeijing 100190China University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland CH-5210 WindischSwitzerland Koegl Space GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Space Acoustics GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Zurich University of Applied Sciences 8400 WinterhurSwitzerland Genov Solutions N-5172 LoddefjordNorway STm Engineering N-5165 LaksevagNorway John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory MD 20723USA NASA/Goddard Space Flight Centre MD 20771USA Center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Masaryk University60177 BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Physics E¨otvo¨s Lor´and University1053 BudapestHungary Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100045China Centro de Astrobiologia(CAB) CSIC-INTAMadridSpain

The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)is part of the scientific payload of the Solar wind magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SmILE)*** is a joint science mission between the European Space Agency(ESA)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and is due for launch in *** is a compact X-ray telescope with a wide field-of-view(FOV)capable of encompassing large portions of Earth’s magnetosphere from the vantage point of the SmILE *** is sensitive to the soft X-rays produced by the Solar Wind Charge eXchange(SWCX)process produced when heavy ions of solar wind origin interact with neutral particles in Earth’s *** provides a mechanism for boundary detection within the magnetosphere,such as the position of Earth’s magnetopause,because the solar wind heavy ions have a very low density in regions of closed magnetic field *** sensitivity of the SXI is such that it can potentially track movements of the magnetopause on timescales of a few minutes and the orbit of SmILE will enable such movements to be tracked for segments lasting many *** is led by the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom(UK)with collaborating organisations on hardware,software and science support within the UK,Europe,China and the United States.

关键词： Soft X-ray Imaging micropore optics large area CCD

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Progranulin promotes neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation by regulating GSK-3β

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Protein & Cell 2010年第6期1卷 552-562页

作者： Xue Gao Alvin P.Joselin Lei Wang Amar Kar Payal ray Andrew Bateman Alison m.Goate Jane Y.Wu Department of Neurology Lurie Cancer CenterCenter for Genetic Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611USA Division of Experimental medicine McGill Universityand Endocrine Research LaboratoryRoyal Victoria HospitalMontréalQuébecCanada Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63110USA Present address:Cellular and molecular medicine University of OttawaOntarioCanada

Progranulin(PGRN)has recently emerged as a key player in a subset of frontotemporal dementias(FTD).Numerous mutations in the progranulin gene have been identified in patients with familial or sporadic frontotemporal lobar degeneration(FTLD).In order to understand the molecular mechanisms by which PGRN deficiency leads to FTLD,we examined activity of PGRN in mouse cortical and hippocampal neurons and in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y *** of mouse neurons with PGRN protein resulted in an increase in neurite outgrowth,supporting the role of PGRN as a neurotrophic *** treatment stimulated phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta(GSK-3β)in cultured *** of PGRN in SH-SY5Y cells impaired retinoic acid induced differentiation and reduced the level of phosphorylated GSK-3β.PGRN knockdown cells were also more sensitized to staurosporineinduced *** results reveal an important role of PGRN in neurite outgrowth and involvement of GSK-3βin mediating PGRN *** of GSK-3βactivation as a downstream event for PGRN signaling provides a mechanistic explanation for PGRN activity in the nervous *** work also suggest that loss of axonal growth stimulation during neural injury repair or deficits in axonal repair may contribute to neuronal damage or axonal loss in FTLD associated with PGRN ***,our study suggests that modulating GSK-3βor similar signaling events may provide therapeutic benefits for FTLD cases associated with PGRN mutations.

关键词： progranulin frontotemporal lobar degeneration glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta(GSK-3β) neurite outgrowth

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microfluidics for interrogating live intact tissues

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 538-564页

作者： Lisa F.Horowitz Adan D.Rodriguez Tyler ray Albert Folch Department of Bioengineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Department of mechanical Engineering University of Hawaiʻi at MānoaHonoluluHI 96822USA

The intricate microarchitecture of tissues–the“tissue microenvironment”–is a strong determinant of tissue *** offers an invaluable tool to precisely stimulate,manipulate,and analyze the tissue microenvironment in live tissues and engineer mass transport around and into small tissue *** control is critical in clinical studies,especially where tissue samples are scarce,in analytical sensors,where testing smaller amounts of analytes results in faster,more portable sensors,and in biological experiments,where accurate control of the cellular microenvironment is *** also provides inexpensive multiplexing strategies to address the pressing need to test large quantities of drugs and reagents on a single biopsy specimen,increasing testing accuracy,relevance,and speed while reducing overall diagnostic ***,we review the use of microfluidics to study the physiology and pathophysiology of intact live tissues at sub-millimeter *** categorize uses as either in vitro studies–where a piece of an organism must be excised and introduced into the microfluidic device–or in vivo studies–where whole organisms are small enough to be introduced into microchannels or where a microfluidic device is interfaced with a live tissue surface(*** skin or inside an internal organ or tumor)that forms part of an animal larger than the *** microfluidic systems promise to deliver functional measurements obtained directly on intact tissue–such as the response of tissue to drugs or the analysis of tissue secretions–that cannot be obtained otherwise.

关键词： fluid drugs testing

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Surface-modified Ag@Ru-P25 for photocatalytic CO_(2) conversion with high selectivity over CH_(4) formation at the solid–gas interface

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Carbon Energy 2024年第1期6卷 182-196页

作者： Chaitanya B.Hiragond Sohag Biswas Niket SPowar Junho Lee Eunhee Gong Hwapyong Kim Hong Soo Kim Jin-Woo Jung Chang-Hee Cho Bryan m.Wong Su-Il In Department of Energy Science&Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)DaeguRepublic of Korea Department of Chemical&Environmental Engineering Materials Science&Engineering ProgramDepartment of ChemistryDepartment of Physics&AstronomyUniversity of California-RiversideRiversideCaliforniaUSA Department of Physics and Chemistry Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)DaeguRepublic of Korea NiceScience Corporation DaeguRepublic of Korea

Systematic optimization of the photocatalyst and investigation of the role of each component is important to maximizing catalytic activity and comprehending the photocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) reduction to solar fuels.A surface-modified Ag@Ru-P25 photocatalyst with H_(2)O_(2) treatment was designed in this study to convert CO_(2) and H_(2)O vapor into highly selective *** doping followed by Ag nanoparticles(NPs)cocatalyst deposition on P25(TiO_(2))enhances visible light absorption and charge separation,whereas H_(2)O_(2) treatment modifies the surface of the photocatalyst with hydroxyl(–OH)groups and promotes CO_(2) ***-resonance transmission electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,X-ray absorption near-edge structure,and extended X-ray absorption fine structure techniques were used to analyze the surface and chemical composition of the photocatalyst,while thermogravimetric analysis,CO_(2) adsorption isotherm,and temperature programmed desorption study were performed to examine the significance of H_(2)O_(2) treatment in increasing CO_(2) reduction *** optimized Ag1.0@Ru1.0-P25 photocatalyst performed excellent CO_(2) reduction activity into CO,CH4,and C2H6 with a~95%selectivity of CH4,where the activity was~135 times higher than that of pristine TiO_(2)(P25).For the first time,this work explored the effect of H_(2)O_(2) treatment on the photocatalyst that dramatically increases CO_(2) reduction activity.

关键词： gas-phase CO_(2) reduction H_(2)O_(2) treatment plasmonic nanoparticles solar fuel photocatalyst surface modification

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ANTImICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF COPOLYmERS OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENYL ACRYLATE WITH STYRENE:SYNTHESIS,CHARACTERIZATION AND REACTIVITY RATIOS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2009年第1期27卷 121-130页

作者： Hetal J.Patel mitesh G.Patel Kirit H.Patel Arabinda K.ray Rajni m.Patel Department of Chemistry Sardar Patel UniversityVallabh Vidyanagar-388120GujaratIndia

Some copolymers of 2,4-dichlorophenyl acrylate (2,4-DCPA) with styrene (St) of different teed compositions were prepared by tree radical polymerization technique using 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator,and the copolymers were characterized by IR *** copolymer composition obtained by UV-spectra led to determination of reactivity ratio by employing Fineman-Ross (F-R) and Kelen-Tudos (K-T) *** molecular weight,as well as intrinsic viscosity,was obtained by vapor pressu...

关键词： Copolymers Reactivity ratios Vapor pressure osmometry Thermal analysis Antimicrobial screening

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