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Two intestinal microbiota-derived metabolites, deoxycholic acid and butyrate, synergize to enhance host defense peptide synthesis and alleviate necrotic enteritis

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1158-1172页

作者： Dohyung m.kim Jing Liu melanie A.Whitmore Isabel Tobin Zijun Zhao Guolong Zhang Department of Animal and Food Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA

Background Necrotic enteritis(NE)is a major enteric disease in poultry,yet effective mitigation strategies remain *** acid(DCA)and butyrate,two major metabolites derived from the intestinal microbiota,have independently been shown to induce host defense peptide(HDP)***,the potential synergy between these two compounds remains *** To investigate the possible synergistic effect between DCA and butyrate in regulating HDP synthesis and barrier function,we treated chicken HD11 macrophage cells and jejunal explants with DCA and sodium butyrate(NaB),either individually or in combination,for 24 ***,we performed RNA isolation and reverse transcrip-tion-quantitative PCR to analyze HDP genes as well as the major genes associated with barrier *** further determine the synergy between DCA and NaB in enhancing NE resistance,we conducted two independent trials with Cobb broiler *** each trial,the diet was supplemented with DCA or NaB on the day-of-hatch,followed by NE induction through sequential challenges with Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens on d 10 and 14,*** recorded animal mortality after infection and assessed intestinal lesions on d *** impact of DCA and NaB on the microbiota in the ileum and cecum was evaluated through bacterial 16S rRNA gene *** We found that the combination of DCA and NaB synergistically induced multiple HDP genes in both chicken HD11 cells and jejunal ***,the gene for claudin-1,a major tight junction protein,also exhibited synergistic induction in response to DCA and ***,dietary supplementation with a combination of 0.75 g/kg DCA and 1 g/kg NaB led to a significant improvement in animal survival and a reduction in intestinal lesions compared to either compound alone in a chicken model of ***,the cecal microbiota of NE-infected chickens showed a marked decrease in SCFA-producing bacteria such as Bacteroides,F

关键词： Bile acids Host defense peptides metabolites microbiome Necrotic enteritis Short-chain fatty acids

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Peri-Net-Pro: the neural processes with quantified uncertainty for crack patterns

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2023年第7期44卷 1085-1100页

作者： m.kim G.LIN Samsung Electronics Yongin-siGyeonggi-do 17113Republic of Korea Department of mathematics Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907-2067U.S.A. School of mechanical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907-2067U.S.A.

This paper develops a deep learning tool based on neural processes(NPs)called the Peri-Net-Pro,to predict the crack patterns in a moving disk and classifies them according to the classification modes with quantified *** particular,image classification and regression studies are conducted by means of convolutional neural networks(CNNs)and ***,the amount and quality of the data are enhanced by using peridynamics to theoretically compensate for the problems of the finite element method(FEm)in generating crack pattern ***,case studies are conducted with the prototype microelastic brittle(PmB),linear peridynamic solid(LPS),and viscoelastic solid(VES)models obtained by using the peridynamic *** case studies are performed to classify the images by using CNNs and determine the suitability of the PmB,LBS,and VES ***,a regression analysis is performed on the crack pattern images with NPs to predict the crack *** regression analysis results confirm that the variance decreases when the number of epochs increases by using the *** training results gradually improve,and the variance ranges decrease to less than *** main finding of this study is that the NPs enable accurate predictions,even with missing or insufficient training *** results demonstrate that if the context points are set to the 10th,100th,300th,and 784th,the training information is deliberately omitted for the context points of the 10th,100th,and 300th,and the predictions are different when the context points are significantly ***,the comparison of the results of the 100th and 784th context points shows that the predicted results are similar because of the Gaussian processes in the ***,if the NPs are employed for training,the missing information of the training data can be supplemented to predict the results.

关键词： neural process(NP) peridynamics crack pattern molecular dynamic(mD)simulation machine learning Gaussian process regression convolutional neural network(CNN)

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Early detection of pancreatic cancer

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2015年第4期27卷 321-331页

作者： Victoria m.kim Nita Ahuja Department of Surgery and medical Oncology The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Department of Urology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a low-incident but highly mortal disease. It accounts for only 3% of estimated new cancer cases each year but is currently the fourth common cause of cancer mortality. By 2030, it is expected to be the 2nd leading cause of cancer death. There is a clear need to diagnose and classify pancreatic cancer at earlier stages in order to give patients the best chance at a definitive cure through surgery. Three precursor lesions that distinctly lead to pancreatic adenocarcinoma have been identified, and we have increasing understanding the non-genetic and genetic risk factors for the disease. With increased understanding about the risk factors, the familial patters, and associated accumulation of genetic mutations involved in pancreatic cancer, we know that there are mutations that occur early in the development of pancreatic cancer and that improved genetic risk-based strategies in screening for pancreatic cancer may be possible and successful at saving or prolonging lives. The remaining challenge is that current standards for diagnosing pancreatic cancer remain too invasive and too costly for widespread screening for pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, the promises of noninvasive methods of detection such as blood, saliva, and stool remain underdeveloped or lack robust testing. However, significant progress has been made, and we are drawing closer to a strategy for the screening and early detection of pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Early detection screening pancreatic cancer familial pancreatic cancer

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High sensitivity and high selectivity terahertz biomedical imaging

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Chinese Optics Letters 2011年第11期9卷 46-49页

作者： Seongsin m.kim William Baughman David S.Wilbert Lee Butler michael Bolus Soner Balci Patrick Kung Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlabamaTuscaloosa

We demonstrate two distinct emerging terahertz （THz） biomedical imaging *** is based on the use of a new single frequency THz quantum cascade laser and the other is based on broadband THz time domain *** first method is employed to derive a metastasis lung tissue imaging at 3.7 THz with clear contrast between cancerous and healthy *** second approach is used to study an osseous tissue under several imaging modalities and achieve full THz spectroscopic imaging based on the frequency domain or on a fixed THz propagation *** contrast is achieved which facilitated the identification of regions with different cellular types and density compositions.

关键词： THz High sensitivity and high selectivity terahertz biomedical imaging high

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Simulated mRI Artifacts:Testing machine Learning Failure modes

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Biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2022年第1期3卷 437-452页

作者： Nicholas C.Wang Douglas C.Noll Ashok Srinivasan Johann Gagnon-Bartsch michelle m.kim Arvind Rao Department of Computational medicine and Bioinformatics University of MichiganUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of MichiganUSA Department of Radiology University of MichiganUSA Department of Radiology Division of NeuroradiologyUniversity of MichiganUSA Rogel Cancer Center University of MichiganUSA Frankel Cardiovascular Center University of MichiganUSA Department of Statistics University of MichiganUSA Department of Radiation Oncology University of MichiganUSA

*** types of mRI artifacts,including acquisition and preprocessing errors,were simulated to test a machine learning brain tumor segmentation model for potential failure ***-world medical deployments of machine learning algorithms are less common than the number of medical research papers using machine *** of the gap between the performance of models in research and deployment comes from a lack of hard test cases in the data used to train a *** failure modes were simulated for a pretrained brain tumor segmentation model that utilizes standard mRI and used to evaluate the performance of the model under *** simulated mRI artifacts consisted of motion,susceptibility induced signal loss,aliasing,field inhomogeneity,sequence mislabeling,sequence misalignment,and skull stripping *** artifact with the largest effect was the simplest,sequence mislabeling,though motion,field inhomogeneity,and sequence misalignment also caused significant performance *** model was most susceptible to artifacts affecting the FLAIR(fluid attenuation inversion recovery)***,these simulated artifacts could be used to test other brain mRI models,but this approach could be used across medical imaging applications.

关键词： utilize stripping susceptibility

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Biological efficacy of perpendicular type-I collagen protruded from TiO_(2)-nanotubes

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International Journal of Oral Science 2020年第4期12卷 346-355页

作者： Chia-Yu Chen David m.kim Cliff Lee John Da Silva Shigemi Nagai Toshiki Nojiri masazumi Nagai Department of Oral medicine Infection and ImmunityHarvard School of Dental Medicine188 Longwood AvenueBostonMAUSA Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences Harvard School of Dental Medicine188 Longwood AvenueBostonMAUSA Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology School of Dental MedicineIwate Medical University19-1 UchimaruMoriokaIwateJapan

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological efficacy of a unique perpendicular protrusion of type-I collagen(Col-I)from TiO2 nanotubes(NT-EPF surface).We hypothesized that the NT-EPF surface would play bifunctional roles in stimulating plateletmediated fibroblast recruitment and anchoring fibroblast-derived Col-I to form a perpendicular collagen assembly,mimicking the connective tissue attachment around natural teeth for the long-term maintenance of dental *** surface modification was accomplished in two ***,TiO2 nanotubes(NT)array was fabricated via *** and depths of NTs were controlled by applied voltage and ***,an electrophoretic fusion(EPF)method was applied to fuse Col-I into nanotube arrays in a perpendicular *** wettability was assessed by contact angle *** bioactivity of modified TiO2 surfaces was evaluated in terms of NIH3T3 fibroblast attachment,platelet activation,and collagen *** attachment,aggregation,and activation of platelets as well as release of platelet-related growth factors were demonstrated on NTEPF ***-mediated NIH3T3 cells migration toward NT-EPF was significantly increased and the attached cells showed a typical fibrous morphology with elongated spindle shape.A direct linkage between pseudopod-like processes of fibroblasts to NTEPF surfaces was ***,the engineered EPF collagen protrusion linked with cell-derived collagen in a perpendicular *** the limitation of this in vitro study,the TiO2 nanotube with perpendicular Col-I surface(NT-EPF)promoted better cell attachment,induced a strong platelet activation which suggested the ability to create a more robust soft tissue seal.

关键词： activation linkage sized

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Epithelial cell adhesion efficacy of a novel peptide identified by panning on a smooth titanium surface

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International Journal of Oral Science 2018年第3期10卷 174-181页

作者： Hidemichi Kihara David m.kim masazumi Nagai Toshiki Nojiri Shigemi Nagai Chia-Yu Chen Cliff Lee Wataru Hatakeyama Hisatomo Kondo John Da Silva Harvard School of Dental medicine BostonMAUSA School of Dental medicine Iwate Medical UniversityIwateJapan University of California San FranciscoCAUSA

Epithelial attachment via the basal lamina on the tooth surface provides an important structural defence mechanism against bacterial invasion in combating periodontal disease. However, when considering dental implants, strong epithelial attachment does not exist throughout the titanium-soft tissue interface, making soft tissues more susceptible to peri-implant disease. This study introduced a novel synthetic peptide(A10) to enhance epithelial attachment. A10 was identified from a bacterial peptide display library and synthesized. A10 and protease-activated receptor 4-activating peptide(PAR4-AP, positive control) were immobilized on commercially pure titanium. The peptide-treated titanium showed high epithelial cell migration ability during incubation in platelet-rich plasma. We confirmed the development of dense and expanded BL(stained by Ln5) with pericellular junctions(stained by ZO1) on the peptide-treated titanium surface. In an adhesion assay of epithelial cells on A10-treated titanium, PAR4-AP-treated titanium, bovine root and non-treated titanium, A10-treated titanium and PAR4-AP-treated titanium showed significantly stronger adhesion than non-treated titanium. PAR4-AP-treated titanium showed significantly higher inflammatory cytokine release than non-treated titanium. There was no significant difference in inflammatory cytokine release between A10-treated and non-treated titanium. These results indicated that A10 could induce the adhesion and migration of epithelial cells with low inflammatory cytokine release. This novel peptide has a potentially useful application that could improve clinical outcomes with titanium implants and abutments by reducing or preventing peri-implant disease.

关键词： PAR OBA Epithelial cell adhesion efficacy of a novel peptide identified by panning on a smooth titanium surface AP

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北京外来人口住房需求的显示性偏好研究

北京外来人口住房需求的显示性偏好研究

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2015中国城市规划年会

作者： Annett m.kim 吕斌袁泉美国南加洲大学SolPrice公共政策学院空间分析实验室北京大学城市与环境学院城市与区域规划系美国南加洲大学SolPrice公共政策学院

本文对北京市地下住房需求的本质进行了定量与定性论证。研究表明,距离工作地点近、通勤时间短且租金相对低等因素对于住房选择至关重要。此项研究将对北京市未来外来人口住房、就业发展和社会稳定等相关政策提供理论与现实依据。

关键词：外来人口地下室廉价住房通勤北京

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Optimal Ramped-Gate Soft Programming of Over-Erased Flash EEPROm Cells at Given Current

Optimal Ramped-Gate Soft Programming of Over-Erased Flash EE...

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2004 7th International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated Circuits Technology（ICSICT 2004）

作者： Chang-Ki Baek Dae m.kim School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and ISRCSeoul National UniversityKwanak P.O.Box 34Seoul 151-744Korea Korea Institute for Advanced Study 207-43 CheongryangriSeoulKorea

＜正＞Presented herein is an efficient simulation technique enabling systematic investigation of the soft programming over-erased flash EEPROm *** simulation provides a method by which to find the optimal soft programming technique for given current. The method requires only the cell performance data and allows investigation of the soft programming under various bias *** principle,the methodology can also be used to investigate the programming and erase operations.

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Hyperreflective photonic crystals created by shearing colloidal dispersions at ultrahigh volume fraction

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 161-173页

作者： minji kim Jong Bin kim Shin-Hyun kim Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea

Colloidal crystallization serves as one of the most economic and scalable production methods for photonic ***,insufficient optical performance,nonuniformity and low reproducibility remain challenges for advanced high-value *** this study,we optimally formulate a photocurable dispersion of silica particles and apply shear flow to unify the orientation of the colloidal crystals,ensuring high optical performance and *** silica particles experience strong repulsion at ultrahigh volume fractions of 50%but demonstrate low mobility,leading to polycrystalline *** shear flow to the dispersions allows the silica particles to rearrange into larger crystalline domains with a unidirectional orientation along the *** shear-induced structural change produces absolute reflectivity at the stopband as high as 90%and a high transparency of 90%at off-resonant wavelengths with minimal diffusive ***,the strong interparticle repulsion ensures a uniform volume fraction of particles throughout the dispersion,reducing deviations in the optical *** intricately micropattern the photocurable dispersions using ***,the photonic films and patterns can be stacked to form multiple layers,displaying mixed structural colors and multiple reflectance peaks without sacrificing *** superior photonic materials hold promise for various optical applications,including optical components and anticounterfeiting patches.

关键词： properties. dispersion reflectivity

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