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Detailed characterization of kHz-rate laser-driven fusion at a thin liquid sheet with a neutron detection suite

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 13-23页

作者： Benjamin m.Knight Connor m.Gautam Colton R.Stoner Bryan V.Egner joseph R.Smith Chris m.Orban juan j.manfredi Kyle D.Frische michael L.Dexter Enam A.Chowdhury Anil K.Patnaik Department of Engineering Physics Air Force Institute of TechnologyWPAFBOHUSA Physics Department Marietta CollegeMariettaOHUSA Department of Physics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of materials Science and Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Intense Energy Solutions LLCPlain CityOHUSA

We present detailed characterization of laser-driven fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 mj, 40 fs laser pulses on a thin(<1 μm) D_2O liquid sheet employing a measurement suite. At relativistic inte... 详细信息

We present detailed characterization of laser-driven fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 mj, 40 fs laser pulses on a thin(m) D_2O liquid sheet employing a measurement suite. At relativistic intensity(~ 5 × 10^(18)W/cm^(2))and high repetition rate(1 kHz), the system produces deuterium±deuterium(D-D) fusion, allowing for consistent neutron generation. Evidence of D-D fusion neutron production is verified by a measurement suite with three independent detection systems: an Ej-309 organic scintillator with pulse-shape discrimination, a ~3He proportional counter and a set of 36 bubble detectors. Time-of-flight analysis of the scintillator data shows the energy of the produced neutrons to be consistent with 2.45 meV. Particle-in-cell simulations using the WarpX code support significant neutron production from D-D fusion events in the laser±target interaction region. This high-repetition-rate laser-driven neutron source could provide a low-cost, on-demand test bed for radiation hardening and imaging applications.

关键词： high-repetition-rate laser-driven fusion laser-plasma interaction liquid target neutron detectors

Single atom Cu-N-C catalysts for the electro-reduction of CO_(2) to CO assessed by rotating ring-disc electrode

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 169-182,I0004页

作者： S.Pérez-Rodríguez m.Gutiérrez-Roa C.Giménez-Rubio D.Ríos-Ruiz P.Arévalo-Cid m.V.martínez-Huerta A.Zitolo m.j.Lázaro D.Sebastián Instituto de Carboquímica(CSIC) Miguel Luesma Castán 450018 ZaragozaSpain Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica(CSIC) Marie Curie 228049 MadridSpain Synchrotron SOLEIL L’Orme des MerisiersDépartementale 12891190France

The electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR) to controllable chemicals is considered as a promising pathway to store intermittent renewable energy. Herein, a set of catalysts based on copper-nitrogendoped carbon xerogel(Cu-N-C) are successfully developed varying the copper amount and the nature of the copper precursor, for the efficient CO_(2)RR. The electrocatalytic performance of Cu-N-C materials is assessed by a rotating ring-disc electrode(RRDE), technique still rarely explored for CO_(2)RR. For comparison, products are also characterized by online gas chromatography in a H-cell. The as-synthesized Cu-NC catalysts are found to be active and highly CO selective at low overpotentials(from -0.6 to -0.8 V ***) in 0.1 m KHCO_(3), while H_(2) from the competitive water reduction appears at larger overpotentials(-0.9 V vs. RHE). The optimum copper acetate-derived catalyst containing Cu-N_(4) moieties exhibits a CO_(2)-to-CO turnover frequency of 997 h^(-1) at -0.9 V vs. RHE with a H_(2)/CO ratio of 1.8. These results demonstrate that RRDE configuration can be used as a feasible approach for identifying electrolysis products from CO_(2)RR.

关键词： Cu-N-C Carbon xerogel Rotating ring disc electrode Carbon dioxide reduction reaction Carbon monoxide

Engineering of efficient visible light photocatalysts:Ti_(1-x+y)Cu_(x)La_(y)O_(2)(x=0.03;y=0,0.005,0.01) compositions

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journal of Rare Earths 2024年第3期42卷 497-505,I0003页

作者： S.m.Yakout A.m.Youssef Inorganic Chemistry Department National Research Centre(NRC)El Buhouth StDokkiCairo12622Egypt

In dye-photocatalysis, widening the wavelengths absorption range of catalysts as well as aborting the recombination of the photoexcited charge carriers(electrons-holes pairs) are of paramount *** the current study, we report the photocatalytic characteristics of four compositions composed of TiO_(2),Ti_(0.97)Cu_(0.03)O_(2), Ti_(0.965)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.005)O_(2)and Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)powders for two harmful dyes(Congo red and methylene blue). The X-ray diffraction technique verified the configuration of mixed anatase and rutile phases in pure TiO_(2)and Ti_(0.97)Cu_(0.03)O_(2)powders while Ti_(0.965)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.005)O_(2)and Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)powders possess anatase phase only. The changes of the band gap structure and dimensions of the unit cell volume of TiO_(2)confirm the substitution of Ti^(4+)sites by Cu^(2+)and La^(3+)ions. Remarkable widening of wavelengths absorption with formation of long absorption tails were found in TiO_(2)(3.13 e V) through insertion of La^(3+)plus Cu^(2+)ions. Ti_(0.965)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.005)O_(2)and Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)samples exhibit a visible light band gap of 2.3 and 2.7 e V, respectively. Based on SEm images, incorporation of Cu^(2+)and La^(3+)ions influences the surface morphology of TiO_(2). The resulting Ti_(0.97)Cu_(0.03)O_(2), Ti_(0.965)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.005)O_(2)and Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)powders present enhanced photocatalytic activity towards Congo red dye degradation compared to pure one under natural solar spectrum. The best Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)catalyst exhibits superior photocatalytic activity of 96% for 10 ppm CR dye in 20 min as well as above average photocatalytic efficiency of 63% for 30 ppm CR dye in 120 min. As well, it showed acceptable photodegradation activity of 52% for 30 ppm mB solution in 140 min of sunlight irradiation. The heightened photodegradation efficiency of Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)catalyst can be clarified in terms of higher ch

关键词： Semiconductor TiO_(2) Rare earths Congo red methylene blue Solar spectrum Photodegradation

Storing Freshwater Versus Storing Electricity in Power Systems with High Freshwater Electric Demand

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journal of modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 323-333页

作者： mubarak j.Al-mubarak Antonio j.Conejo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Electrical Engineering Kuwait UniversityP.O.Box 5969Safat 13060Kuwait Department of Integrated Systems Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA IEEE

We consider a power system whose electric demand pertaining to freshwater production is high(high freshwater electric demand),as in the middle East,and investigate the tradeoff of storing freshwater in tanks versus storing electricity in batteries at the day-ahead operation *** storing freshwater and storing electricity increase the actual electric demand at valley hours and decrease it at peak hours,which is generally beneficial in term of cost and ***,to what extent?We analyze this question considering three power systems with different generation-mix configurations,i.e.,a thermal-dominated mix,a renewable-dominated one,and a fully renewable *** generation-mix configurations are inspired by how power systems may evolve in different countries in the middle *** production uncertainty is compactly modeled using chance *** draw conclusions on how both storage facilities(freshwater and electricity)complement each other to render an optimal operation of the power system.

关键词： Power system operation freshwater production and transportation coordination day-ahead scheduling

Further investigation on the fusion of ^(6)Li with ^(209)Bi target at near-barrier energies

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第7期48卷 106-117页

作者：张高龙焦振威张广鑫 m.R.Cortes 胡世鹏钱建强 D.mengoni 屈卫卫李聪博郑云张焕乔孙慧斌王楠张春雷 j.j.Valiente-Dobón D.Testov m.mazzocco A.Gozzelino C.Parascandolo D.Pierroutsakou m.La Commara A.Goasduff D.Bazzacco D.R.Napoli F.Galtarossa F.Recchia A.Illana S.Bakes I.Zanon S.Aydin G.de Angelis m.Siciliano R.menegazzo S.m.Lenzi j.L.Ferreira j.Rangel Serkan Akkoyun L.F.Canto j.Lubian School of Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Instituto de Física Universidade Federal Fluminense24210-340NiteróiRio de JaneiroBrazil Institute for Advanced Study in Nuclear Energy&Safety Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Research and manufacture of High Purity Germanium materials and Fetectors Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China INFN Sezione di PadovaPadovaItaly Dipartimento di fisica Astronomia dell'Universita di padova PadovaItaly State Key Laboratory of Radiation medicine and Protection School of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413China The Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and material modification of ministry of Education College of Nuclear Science and TechnologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China INFN Laboratori Nazionali di LegnaroI-35020 LegnaroItaly INFN Sezione di NapoliI-80126 NapoliItaly Dipartimento di Farmacia Universitàdi Napoli"Federico II"I-80131 NapoliItaly Department of Natural and mathematical Sciences Faculty of EngineeringTarsus University33480 MersinTurkiye Physics Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemont-ILUSA Departamento de matemaética Física e Computaç˜ao Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroFaculdade de Tecnologia27537-000ResendeRio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Physics Sivas Cumhuriyet UniversitySivasTurkey Instituto de Física Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroCP 6852821941-972Rio de JaneiroBrazil

The complete and incomplete fusion cross sections for ^(6)Li+^(209)Bi were measured using the in-beamγ-ray method around the Coulomb *** cross sections of(deuteron captured)incomplete fusion(ICF)products were re-quantified experimentally for this reaction *** results reveal that the ICF cross section is equivalent to that of complete fusion(CF)above the Coulomb barrier and dominant near or below the Coulomb barrier.A theoretical calculation based on the continuum discretized coupled channel(CDCC)method was performed for the aforementioned CF and ICF cross sections;the result is consistent with the *** universal fusion function(UFF)was also compared with the measured CF cross section for different barrier parameters,demonstrating that the CF suppression factor is significantly influenced by the choice of potential,which can reflect both dynamic and static effects of breakup on the fusion process.

关键词： cross section incomplete fusion suppression factor weakly bound nuclei

Effect of age on the standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of soybean meal and canola meal in broilers

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 11-22页

作者： mukti Barua m.Reza Abdollahi Faegheh Zaefarian Timothy j.Wester Channarayapatna K.Girish Peter V.Chrystal Velmurugu Ravindran monogastric Research Center School of Agriculture and EnvironmentMassey UniversityPalmerston North 4442New Zealand Department of Animal Science and Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary MedicineChattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityKhulshiChattogram 4225Bangladesh Nutrition and Care Animal NutritionEvonik(SEA)Pte.Ltd609927 Singapore Complete Feed Solutions Howick 2145AucklandNew Zealand

Standardized ileal digestibility coefficients(SIDC)of nitrogen(N)and amino acids(AA)in two protein sources(soybean meal[SBm]and canola meal[Cm])were investigated at six broiler ages(d 7,14,21,28,35,and 42).Two assay diets were formulated to contain either SBm(413 g/kg)or Cm(553 g/kg)as the sole dietary AA *** dioxide(5 g/kg)was added as an indigestible marker.A total of 696 male broilers at 1 d old were allotted to 12 replicate cages per age *** assay diet was offered to birds for 4 d prior to the ileal digesta collection on d 7(14 birds/cage),14(12 birds/cage),21(10 birds/cage),28(8 birds/cage),35(8 birds/cage)and 42(6 birds/cage),*** apparent digestibility coefficients were standardized using age-specific basal endogenous AA *** the SBm group,though the SIDC of N tended to be influenced(quadratic;P=0.075)by age,no linear or quadratic response of age effect was observed on the average SIDC of indispensable(IAA)and total AA(TAA).An age effect(quadratic;Pm with the highest value recorded at d 7,followed by a decrease from d 14 to 28,which increased beyond d *** SIDC of some individual AA(Arg,Thr,Trp,Cys,Pro)were affected(Pmanner by *** the Cm,the SIDC of N,average SIDC of IAA,DAA and TAA were influenced(quadratic;Pm d 7 to 14,declined at d 21,and then increased beyond d *** average SIDC of IAA was low between d 7 and 28 and increased *** SIDC of individual AA were affected(linear or quadratic;Pmagnitudes by *** age influence on the SIDC AA was variable,depending on the protein source and *** results demonstrate that age-specific SIDC AA data might need consideration in broiler feed formulations.

关键词： Age Amino acid Broiler Digestibility Protein source

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Identific tion of quantitative trait loci and associated candidate genes for pregnancy success in Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 162-170页

作者： Quinn A.Hoorn Gabriel A.Zayas Eduardo E.Rodriguez Laura m.jensen Raluca G.mateescu Peter j.Hansen Department of Animal Sciences Donald Henry Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Programand the Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA School of Applied Systems Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVIC 3083Australia

Background In beef cattle, more than 50% of the energy input to produce a unit of beef is consumed by the female that produced the calf. Development of genomic tools to identify females with high genetic merit for reproductive function could increase the profitability and sustainability of beef *** Genome-wide association studies(GWAS) were performed using a single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction approach on pregnancy outcome traits from a population of Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers. Furthermore, a validation GWAS was performed using data from another farm. Heifers were genotyped with the Bovine GGP F250 array that contains 221,077 SNPs. In the discovery population, heifers were bred in winter breeding seasons involving a single round of timed artificial insemination(AI) followed by natural mating for 3 months. Two phenotypes were analyzed: pregnancy outcome to first-service AI(PAI;n = 1,481) and pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season(PEBS;n = 1,725). The heritability was estimated as 0.149 and 0.122 for PAI and PEBS, respectively. In the PAI model, one quantitative trait locus(QTL), located between 52.3 and 52.5 mb on BTA7, explained about 3% of the genetic variation, in a region containing a cluster of γ-protocadherin genes and SLC25A2. Other QTLs explaining between 0.5% and 1% of the genetic variation were found on BTA12 and 25. In the PEBS model, a large QTL on BTA7 was synonymous with the QTL for PAI, with minor QTLs located on BTA5, 9, 10, 11, 19, and 20. The validation population for pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season were Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers bred by natural mating. In concordance with the discovery population, the large QTL on BTA7 and QTLs on BTA10 and 12 were *** In summary, QTLs and candidate SNPs identified were associated with pregnancy outcomes in beef heifers, including a large QTL associated with a group of protocadherin genes. Confirmation of these associations

关键词： Beef cattle Fertility GWAS QTL

Nonlinear dynamic modeling of planar moving Timoshenko beam considering non-rigid non-elastic axial effects

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 479-496页

作者： m.ABBASI GAVARI m.R.HOmAEINEZHAD Faculty of mechanical Engineering K.N.Toosi University of TechnologyTehran 19991-43344Iran

Due to the importance of vibration effects on the functional accuracy of mechanical systems,this research aims to develop a precise model of a nonlinearly vibrating single-link mobile flexible *** manipulator consists of an elastic arm,a rotary motor,and a rigid carrier,and undergoes general in-plane rigid body motion along with elastic transverse *** accurately model the elastic behavior,Timoshenko’s beam theory is used to describe the flexible arm,which accounts for rotary inertia and shear deformation *** applying Newton’s second law,the nonlinear governing equations of motion for the manipulator are derived as a coupled system of ordinary differential equations(ODEs)and partial differential equations(PDEs).Then,the assumed mode method(Amm)is used to solve this nonlinear system of governing equations with appropriate shape *** assumed modes can be obtained after solving the characteristic equation of a Timoshenko beam with clamped boundary conditions at one end and an attached mass/inertia at the *** addition,the effect of the transverse vibration of the inextensible arm on its axial behavior is *** the axial rigidity,the effect makes the rigid body dynamics invalid for the axial behavior of the ***,numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the developed model,and the results are compared with those obtained by the finite element *** comparison confirms the validity of the proposed dynamic model for the *** to the mentioned features,this model can be reliable for investigating the system’s vibrational behavior and implementing vibration control algorithms.

关键词： planar moving Timoshenko beam non-rigid non-elastic axial effect as-sumed mode method(Amm) nonlinear motion analysis

Free vibration and buckling analysis of polymeric composite beams reinforced by functionally graded bamboo fbers

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 543-562页

作者： H.m.FEIZABAD m.H.YAS Department of mechanical Engineering Razi UniversityKermanshah ***Iran

Natural fibers have been extensively researched as reinforcement materials in polymers on account of their environmental and economic advantages in comparison with synthetic fibers in the recent *** fibers are renowned for their good mechanical properties,abundance,and short cycle *** beams are one of the fundamental structural components and are susceptible to mechanical loads in engineering applications,this paper performs a study on the free vibration and buckling responses of bamboo fiber reinforced composite(BFRC)beams on the elastic *** different functionally graded(FG)layouts and a uniform one are the considered distributions for unidirectional long bamboo fibers across the *** elastic properties of the composite are determined with the law of *** Hamilton’s principle,the governing equations of motion are *** generalized differential quadrature method(GDQm)is then applied to the equations to obtain the *** achieved outcomes exhibit that the natural frequency and buckling load values vary as the fiber volume fractions and distributions,elastic foundation stiffness values,and boundary conditions(BCs)and slenderness ratio of the beam ***,a comparative study is conducted between the derived analysis outcomes for BFRC and homogenous polymer beams to examine the effectiveness of bamboo fibers as reinforcement materials,demonstrating the significant enhancements in both vibration and buckling responses,with the exception of natural frequencies for cantilever beams on the Pasternak foundation with the FG-◇fiber ***,the obtained analysis results of BFRC beams are also compared with those for carbon nanotube reinforced composite(CNTRC)beams found in the literature,indicating that the buckling loads and natural frequencies of BFRC beams are lower than those of CNTRC beams.

关键词： bamboo fiber free vibration buckling analysis functionally graded(FG)beam elastic foundation generalized differential quadrature method(GDQm)