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Food intolerance and the few-foods(or oligoantigenic)diet in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

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Food Science and Human wellness 2024年第4期13卷 1729-1738页

作者： Klaus w.Lange Andreas Reissmann Yukiko Nakamura Katharina m.Lange Faculty of Human Sciences University of RegensburgRegensburg 93040Germany Department of Psychology University of BathBath BA27AYUnited Kingdom

The hypothesis that some children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)may show sensitivity or allergic reactions to various food items has led to the development of the the few-foods(or oligoantigenic)diet.The rationale of the diet is to eliminate certain foods from the diet in order to exclude potential allergens contained either naturally in food or in artificial ingredients with allergenic properties.The oligoantigenic diet attempts to identify individual foods to which a person might be sensitive.First,ADHD symptoms are monitored while multiple foods are excluded from the diet.Subsequently,if symptoms remit,foods are re-introduced,while observing the individual for the return of symptoms.An advantage of the oligoantigenic diet is that it can be tailored to the individual.A growing body of evidence suggests that behavioral symptoms of subgroups of children with ADHD may benefit from the elimination of certain foods.The effect sizes of an oligoantigenic diet regarding improvement of ADHD symptoms have been found to be medium to large.Available evidence suggests that the investigation of the role of food hypersensitivities in ADHD is a promising avenue worthy of further exploration.Further large-scale,randomized controlled studies including assessment of long-term outcome are therefore warranted.

关键词： Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Food intolerance Few-foods diet Etiology Treatment

Prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths among women of reproductive age in mwaluphamba,Kwale

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2024年第2期17卷 71-83页

作者： Samuel m.Ngui Joseph m.mwangangi Joachim Richter Josephine w.Ngunjiri Department of Biological Sciences University of EmbuKenya medical Entomology Kenya Medical Research Institute(KEMRI)Center for Geographic Medicine Research Coast KilifiKenya Institute of International Health Global Health CenterCharitéUniversity MedicineBerlinCorporate Member of Free University and Humboldt University and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland Tropical and Infectious Diseases Department of Biological sciencesUniversity of EmbuKenya

Objective:To assess the epidemiology of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among women of reproductive age in mwaluphamba,Kwale County,Kenya.methods:A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed to randomly sample 422 women of reproductive age(15-m four villages in mwaluphamba location.Stool specimens were collected and examined using the Kato-Katz method,while filtration technique was used to analyze urine specimens.Participants’sociodemographic details were obtained using a standardized questionnaire.Results:Urinary schistosomiasis prevalence was at 4.7%(20/422,95%CI 2.8%-6.9%)while the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis infection was 4.5%(19/422,95%CI 2.6%-6.7%).The infection intensities of urinary schistosomiasis among the study participants ranged from 1 to 120 eggs/10 mL of urine with median egg count of 18.45 eggs/10 mL.The patients were diagnosed with light infection,of 56.16 egg/gram and 48.48 egg/gram for Trichuris trichiura and hookworms,respectively.women without latrines had 15.7 times higher risk of having urinary schistosomiasis compared to those with a latrine.Similarly,use of surface water(aOR=1.0,95%CI 0.2-1.4,P=0.010)and crossing the river to go to a place(aOR=1.1,95%CI 0.3-1.6,P=0.009)were statistically significant risk factors for getting urinary schistosomiasis.In bivariable regression analysis,defecating around the water source(OR=4.3,95%CI 1.5-12.9)had a statistically significant association with the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis(P=0.008).Conclusions:This study has given an insight on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in mwaluphamba location that form a basis for strengthening the control and elimination programmes for these neglected tropical diseases.

关键词： Urinary schistosomiasis Prevalence Soiltransmitted helminths mwaluphamba

Developing a two-decadal time-record of rice field maps using Landsat-derived multi-index image collections with a random forest classifier:A Google Earth Engine based approach

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2024年第2期11卷 260-275页

作者： w.Ashane m.Fernando I.P.Senanayake Department of Nano Science Technology Wayamba University of Sri LankaKuliyapitiya 60200Sri Lanka Dchoolf Engineing CllegeoEngineeringSience and EnionmentThe UniversyewcastleCallaghanW2Austraia

Historic maps showing the temporal distribution of rice fields are important for precision agriculture,irrigation optimisation,forecasting crop yields,land use management and formulating policies.However,mapping rice felds using traditional ground surveys is impractical when high cost,time and labour requirements are considered,and the availability of such detailed records is limited.Although satellite remote sensing appears to be a viable solution,conventional segmentation and classification methods with spectral bands are often unable to contrast the distinct characteristics between rice fields and other vegetation classes.To this end,we explored a novel,Google Earth Engine(GEE)based multiindex random forest(RF)classification approach to map rice fields over two decades.Landsat images from 2000 to 2020 of two Sri Lankan rice cultivation districts were extracted from GEE and a multi-index RF classification algorithm was applied to distinguish the rice fields.The results showed above 80%accuracy for both training and validation,when compared against high spatial resolution Google Earth imagery.In essence,multi-index sampling and RF together synergised the compelling classifcation accuracy by effectively capturing vegetation,water(ponding)and soil characteristics unique to the rice felds using a single-click approach.The maps developed in this study were further compared against the mODIS land cover type product(mCD12Q1)and the corresponding superior statistics on rice fields demonstrated the robustness of the proposed approach.Future work seeking effective index combinations is recommended,and this approach can potentially be extended to other crop analyses elsewhere.

关键词： Google Earth Engine(GEE) Image classification Random forest mapping rice fields Time series analysis Vegetation index

SmILE soft X-ray Imager flight model CCD370 pre-flight device characterisation

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 25-38页

作者： S.Parsons D.J.Hall O.Hetherington T.w.Buggey T.Arnold m.w.J.Hubbard A.Holland Centre for Electronic Imaging the Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK

Throughout the SmILE mission the satellite will be bombarded by radiation which gradually damages the focal plane devices and degrades their performance.In order to understand the changes of the CCD370s within the soft X-ray Imager,an initial characterisation of the devices has been carried out to give a baseline performance level.Three CCDs have been characterised,the two flight devices and the flight spa re.This has been carried out at the Open University in a bespo ke cleanroom measure ment facility.The results show that there is a cluster of bright pixels in the flight spa re which increases in size with tempe rature.However at the nominal ope rating tempe rature(-120℃) it is within the procure ment specifications.Overall,the devices meet the specifications when ope rating at -120℃ in 6 × 6 binned frame transfer science mode.The se rial charge transfer inefficiency degrades with temperature in full frame mode.However any charge losses are recovered when binning/frame transfer is implemented.

关键词： CCD soft X-ray imager characterisation SmILE

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, degree of lower urinary tract symptoms as predictors of erectile dysfunction in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 280-285页

作者： Gede w.K.Duarsa Yeremia G.Kusumah Ronald Sugianto Pande m.w.Tirtayasa Tjokorda G.B.mahadewa Department of Urology Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia Department of General Surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia medical Doctor Study Program Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaBaliIndonesia Department of Urology Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaUniversitas Udayana Teaching HospitalBaliIndonesia Department of Neurosurgery Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia

Objective: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition of insufficient penile erection, consistently or recurrently, for sexual activity. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) induces transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), which causes the transition of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells that affect ED. This study aimed to evaluate the roles of TNF-α, TGF-β, degree of lower urinary tract symptoms, and prostatic volume for the presence of ED in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients.methods: Our study performed an analytic observational retrospective cohort study using secondary data from four hospitals in Bali, Indonesia, including medical records and other administrative data. The sample was BPH patients with several history qualifications.Results: Our sample was 83 respondents, ranging from 50 years to 80 years, 61 respondents with ED and 22 with non-ED. The International Prostate Symptom Score showed a significant result, which indicates that ED is more common in patients with higher International Prostate Symptom Score (p=0.002). moreover, the TNF-α of ≥43.9 pg/mg and TGF-β of ≥175.8 pg/mL were significantly associated with the presence of ED in BPH patients (pme is not significant with ED (p=0.947).Conclusion: TNF-α, TGF-β, and lower urinary tract symptoms severity can predict the occurrence of ED in BPH, while prostatic volume was not significant.

关键词： Prostate enlargement Biomarker Erectiledysfunction Riskfactor

Surgeon preferences in the treatment of thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis

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world Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第5期15卷 435-443页

作者： Edward J wu Bradley w Fossum wyatt Vander Voort Christopher O Bayne Robert m Szabo Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMN 55455United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery UC Davis School of MedicineSacramentoCA 95817United States

BACKGROUND Primary thumb carpometacarpal(CmC)osteoarthritis is one of the most common conditions encountered by hand surgeons.Of the vast number of operations that have been proposed,none have demonstrated results significantly superior to trapeziectomy alone.AIm The purpose of our study was to determine why surgeons opt for their technique in treating CmC arthritis.mETHODS A cross-sectional survey of active members of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand was conducted to evaluate the reasons behind their preferred technique in the treatment of isolated thumb CmC arthritis.Surgeons were contacted by email once and provided with a link to a de-identified survey consisting of 5 treatment questions and 5 demographic questions.RESULTS Of 950 responses were received.40.5%of surgeons preferred trapeziectomy+ligament reconstruction tendon interposition(LRTI),followed by trapeziectomy+suspensionplasty(28.2%),suture button suspension(5.9%),trapeziectomy alone(4.6%),prosthetic arthroplasty(3.2%),arthrodesis(1.1%),and other(6.6%).Proponents of trapeziectomy+LRTI cited familiarity(73.2%),exposure during fellowship(48.8%)and less proximal migration(60%)to be the main reasons affecting their decision.Surgeons who preferred trapeziectomy+suspensionplasty most reported simplicity(74.9%),fewer complications(45.3%),less proximal migration(43.8%),and avoidance of autogenous tissue harvest(42.7%).Advocates of suture button suspension cited avoidance of autogenous tissue harvest(80.4%),shorter immobilization(76.8%),and quicker recovery(73.2%)with their technique.Advocates of trapeziectomy alone cited simplicity(97.7%),fewer complications(86.4%),and avoidance of autogenous tissue harvest(59.1%).In their comments,45%of surgeons choosing trapeziectomy alone cited evidence as an additional rationale.Advocates of prosthetic arthroplasty cited improved pinch strength(83.3%)and improved range of motion(63.3%),while those preferring arthrodesis cited better pinch strength(90%)and frequently in their comments,durability.Of the surgeon

关键词： Thumb carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis Trapeziectomy Ligament reconstruction tendon interposition Suspensionplasty Preferences Trends

The CCD instrument background of the SmILE SXI

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 15-24页

作者： m.w.J.Hubbard O.Hetherington D.J.Hall T.w.Buggey S.Parsons T.Arnold A.Holland C.Pagani S.Sembay Centre for Electronic Imaging The Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group Department of Physics&AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterLE17RHUK

The ESA and CAS SmILE mission orbit is highly elliptical and will pass through multiple radiation environments.The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)instrument aboard has a radiation shutter door designed to close when the surrounding radiation flux is high.The shutter door will close when passing below an altitude threshold to protect against trapped particles in the Earth’s Van Allen Belts.Therefore,two radiation environments can be approximated based on the shutter door position:open and closed.The instrument background for the CCDs(Charge-Coupled Devices)that form the focal plane array of the SXI were evaluated for the two environments.Due to the correlation of the space environment with the solar cycle,the solar minima and maxima,the background was also evaluated at these two extremes.The results demonstrated that the highest instrument background will occur during solar minima due to the main contributing source being Galactic Cosmic Rays(GCRs).It was also found that the open background was highest for solar minima and that the closed background was highest during solar maxima.This is due to the radiation shutter door acting as a scattering centre and the changes in the energy flux distribution of the GCRs between the two solar extremes.

关键词： instrument background X-ray astronomy space radiation

Superplasticity of fine-grained mg-10Li alloy prepared by severe plastic deformation and understanding its deformation mechanisms

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 316-331页

作者： H.T.Jeong S.w.Lee w.J.Kim Department of materials Science and Engineering Hongik UniversityMapo-guSangsu-dong 72-1Seoul 121-791Republic of Korea

The superplastic behavior and associated deformation mechanisms of a fine-grained mg-10.1 Li-0.8Al-0.6Zn alloy(LAZ1011)with a grain size of 3.2μm,primarily composed of the BCCβphase and a small amount of the HCPαphase,were examined in a temperature range of 473 K to 623 K.The microstructural refinement of this alloy was achieved by employing high-ratio differential speed rolling.The best superplasticity was achieved at 523 K and at strain rates of 10^(-4)-5×10^(-4)s^(-1),where tensile elongations of 550±600%were obtained.During the heating and holding stage of the tensile samples prior to tensile loading,a significant increase in grain size was observed at temperatures above 573 K.Therefore,it was important to consider this effect when analyzing and understanding the superplastic deformation behavior and mechanisms.In the investigated strain rate range,the superplastic flow at low strain rates was governed by lattice diffusion-controlled grain boundary sliding,while at high strain rates,lattice diffusion-controlled dislocation climb creep was the rate-controlling deformation mechanism.It was concluded that solute drag creep is unlikely to occur.During the late stages of deformation at 523 K,it was observed that grain boundary sliding led to the agglomeration of theαphase,resulting in significant strain hardening.Deformation mechanism maps were constructed forβ-mg-Li alloys in the form of 2D and 3D formats as a function of strain rate,stress,temperature,and grain size,using the constitutive equations for various deformation mechanisms derived based on the data of the current tests.

关键词： magnesium-lithium alloy Superplasticity Severe plastic deformation Grain size Grain growth

Nickel sulfate solution fluoride separation with hydrous zirconium oxide

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Tungsten 2024年第2期6卷 367-381页

作者： Elbert m.Nigri Ummul K.Sultana André L.A.Santos James w.Vaughan Sonia D.F.Rocha Department of mining Engineering Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 31270-901Brazil School of Chemical Engineering University of QueenslandSt Lucia 4072Australia

Fluoride is an impurity in nickel sulfate production,which is required for electric vehicle batteries.Hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO)was evaluated for removing fl uoride from nickel sulfate solution.maximum fluoride removal occurred at pH value 4 and optimal pH value is 4–5,considering Zr solubility.Fluoride availability decreases with pH due to hydrogen fluoride and zirconium fluoride aqueous species.Fluoride removal is initially rapid,with 50 wt.%removal in 7 min,followed by slow removal up to 68 wt.%after 72 h and follows second order rate kinetics.Fluoride removal was dominated by an ion exchange mechanism and resulting Zr–F bonds were observed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.The presence of nickel sulfate decreased loading capacity compared to a salt-free solution.HZO maintained adsorption capacity through five cycles of loading and regeneration.

关键词： Hydrous zirconium oxide Nickel sulfate Fluoride Adsorption Anion exchange