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多阶段结核菌素调查设计:关于抽样的一些建议

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2000年第4期 101-107页

作者： N.J.D.Nagelkerke m.w.borgdorff N.A.Kalisvaart J.F.Broekmans 王海东 Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association(KNCV) The Hague The Netherlands

背景:用儿童的结核菌素调查评价国家或地区的感染率时通常应用多阶段调查设计。这些调查需要在每个阶段的亚单位采用有效的抽样方法。目的:制定结核菌素调查抽样的指南。设计:应用抽样理论制定一个简单而有效的抽样方法来计划和分析结... 详细信息

背景:用儿童的结核菌素调查评价国家或地区的感染率时通常应用多阶段调查设计。这些调查需要在每个阶段的亚单位采用有效的抽样方法。目的:制定结核菌素调查抽样的指南。设计:应用抽样理论制定一个简单而有效的抽样方法来计划和分析结核菌素调查。样本大小的问题应予考虑。结果:制定了感染率和其可信区间的计算公式。讨论了样本大小。结论:我们建议用样本比例大小的抽样方法抽取区,这样有较大可能性将较大的单位包括在样本中。一个区内的每个学校有同样的可能性被包括在样本中,则采用单纯随机抽样方法进行学校抽样。每个学校所有符合条件的儿童均做皮内(mantoux)试验。每个区试验的儿童人数应大致恒定,增加抽取区的数量要比每个区增加几百到几千儿童的数量更有效的提高估算的准确性。

关键词：结核菌素调查抽样

荷兰结核病在不同年龄人群间的传染:应用DNA指纹法的分析

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2000年第1期3卷 35-39页

作者： m.w.borgdorff N.J.D.Nagelkerke D.vanSoolingen J.F.Broekmans 安燕生 Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association(KNCV) The Hague Department of Public Health Erasmus University. Rotterdam National Institute of Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands Department of Medical Microbiology University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada National Institute of Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association(KNCV) The Hague

背景:1950年至1980年间荷兰结核病感染率的下降比发病率的下降快得多。本研究的目的在于确定这一现象是否能用年龄组内的不同传播所解释。方法:应用RFLP法将荷兰1993～1996年所有菌株进行分型,同一指印的菌株被鉴定为同一来源,由此确定... 详细信息

背景:1950年至1980年间荷兰结核病感染率的下降比发病率的下降快得多。本研究的目的在于确定这一现象是否能用年龄组内的不同传播所解释。方法:应用RFLP法将荷兰1993～1996年所有菌株进行分型,同一指印的菌株被鉴定为同一来源,由此确定2个荷兰患者年龄上的相关性。结果:两簇人群81对菌株患者年龄的平均差异是13.9岁。而所有可能配对患者资料的年龄平均差异是25.5岁。Fisher氏检验相关系数为0.62 (95%可信区间[CI]值为0.46～0.74)。结论:结核病传染源更易传染给和他们年龄相近的人群。由于在1950～1980年间,病例的平均年龄在增加。传染源可能对过去常观测年感染率的儿童的感染更少。在低结核国家中儿童、青少年结核病的年感染率的资料不适于该人群中的老年者。

关键词：结核病传染年龄 RFLP 成簇

马拉维结核分枝杆菌感染危险性:1994年全国结核菌素调查

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结核与肺部疾病杂志 2004年第3期7卷 98-102页

作者： F.m.L.Salaniponi J.Kwanjana J.Veen O.misljenovic m.w.borgdorff 何广学胡冬梅 Community Health Sciences Unit.Tuberculosis Control Programme Lilongwe.Malawi Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association(KNCV)and International Tuberculosis Surveillance Centre(ITSC).The Hague The Netherlands International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease.Paris-France Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis

目的:估算马拉维学生结核年感染率。方法:在马拉维随机选择12个区的学校进行调查。以1-4年级6-11岁的儿童为调查对象。根据世界卫生组织/国际防痨与肺病联合会指南进行结核菌素皮肤试验。结果:在17123名符合条件的儿童中,80％接受皮试... 详细信息

目的:估算马拉维学生结核年感染率。方法:在马拉维随机选择12个区的学校进行调查。以1-4年级6-11岁的儿童为调查对象。根据世界卫生组织/国际防痨与肺病联合会指南进行结核菌素皮肤试验。结果:在17123名符合条件的儿童中,80％接受皮试。在进行皮试的儿童中,79％复验了结果。根据不同的标准,无卡痕儿童的结核感染率界于9％-12％之间。皮试结果≥10mm的反应率女童低于男童,反应率随年龄增加而增加,有BCG卡痕儿童的结核感染率高于无BCG卡痕者。估计年感染率在0.6％-1.4％之间。结论:马拉维结核年感染率为1％。本研究将为评价马拉维人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染对结核病传播的影响提供有价值的基线资料。

关键词：结核菌素儿童结核感染结核分枝杆菌感染卡痕皮试感染率调查马拉维危险性

越南的家庭支出与结核病患病率:通过一套家庭指标进行预测

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2011年第4期6卷 174-179页

作者： N.B.Hoa E.w.Tiemersma D.N.Sy N.V.Nhung A.Gebhard m.w.borgdorff F.G.J.Cobe-lens 彭红 National Tuberculosis Programme Hanoi Viet Nam Research Unit KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation The Hague Center for Poverty-Related Communicable Diseases Amsterdam Institute of Global Health and Development Academic Medical Center Amsterdam International Unit KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation The Hague Department of Clinical Epidemiology Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands

目的:使用9项家庭特征,在越南全国结核病患病率调查过程研究结核病与家庭支出之间的关系。方法:为评估越南的结核病患病情况,于2006—2007年开展了全国分层整群抽样调查。在第二次越南生活水平调查中采用的9项家庭特征均以户为单位给予... 详细信息

目的:使用9项家庭特征,在越南全国结核病患病率调查过程研究结核病与家庭支出之间的关系。方法:为评估越南的结核病患病情况,于2006—2007年开展了全国分层整群抽样调查。在第二次越南生活水平调查中采用的9项家庭特征均以户为单位给予了评分。在越南生活水平调查数据库中,我们对这9项特征按人均家庭支出进行了回归分析;在我们的调查中,以系数来预测家庭支出水平(5分位级别),并评估其与结核病患病率的关系。结果:15岁以上人群的细菌学确诊结核病患病率为307/10万(95%可信区间为249～366)。经过对干扰因素的调整,发现结核病患病率与家庭支出水平相关:五分位为最低家庭支出水平人群的患病率比五分位为最高家庭支出水平人群高2.5倍(95%可信区间为1.6～3.9)。结论:通过9项家庭特征,我们能够非常准确地预测家庭支出水平。结核病患病率与估算的家庭支出水平之间存在显著相关性,提示在越南结核病与贫困相关。

关键词：越南患病率社会-经济结核病

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解释结核分枝杆菌DNA指纹簇

国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2000年第1期3卷 4-9页

作者： J.R.Glynn J.Bauer A.S.deBoer m.w.borgdorff P.E.m.Fine P.Godfrey-Faussett E.Vynnycky 丁北川 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Keppel St LondonUK Department of mycobacteriology Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen Denmark National Institute of Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association The Hague The Netherlands Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Keppel St London UK European Concerted Actionon molecular Epidemiology Control of Tuberculosis

许多研究已在其结核分枝杆菌分离株共享DNA指纹的基础上定义了患者簇。成簇相当于最近的传播,并且对伴随结核分枝杆菌正在高度传播人群亚组来说,与成簇有关的因素已作为指标被找出。在进行和解释这些研究中值得考虑的提醒应予以注意。例... 详细信息

许多研究已在其结核分枝杆菌分离株共享DNA指纹的基础上定义了患者簇。成簇相当于最近的传播,并且对伴随结核分枝杆菌正在高度传播人群亚组来说,与成簇有关的因素已作为指标被找出。在进行和解释这些研究中值得考虑的提醒应予以注意。例如,根据标志物的稳定性和长时间在人群中的菌株数量,某些并非近期传播的原因使菌株组可能完全相同。如果病例对特定人群是新移民或在研究中不是所有人群中的病例都被包括的话,确定由近期传播引发的病例可能不作为成簇被见到。所见的成簇数量将根据研究持续的时间。在研究的设计、所包括病例的比例、补充和所使用成簇的界定上,研究应给出精确的资料。成簇的数据应至少被年龄、性别和移民状况分开。为了最大的获得信息,研究应涉及一个人群中所有病例的高比例、与传统的流行病学接触调查结合进行(如果可能的话)、并且提供人群中结核病发病资料和患者的年龄、性别、人类免疫缺损病毒状况、耐药性及社会和种族组资料。关键词:结核病;分子流行病学;DNA指纹;RFLP;传播;

关键词：结核分枝杆菌 tuberculosis DNA指纹 mycobacterium 成簇流行病学 Tropic 菌株结核病时间窗口

治疗失败及复发结核病患者的耐药性:标准复治方案够吗?

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2003年第3期 115-119页

作者： H.T.w.Quy N.T.N.Lan m.w.borgdorff J.Grosset P.D.Linh L.B.Tung D.van Soolingen m.Raviglione N.V.C■ J.Broekmans 马玙 Pham Ngoc Thach Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Centre Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association The Haque The Netherlands Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital Paris France National Institute of Public Health world Health Organization Geneva Switzerland National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Hanoi Vietnam

目的:确定新发涂阳结核病治疗后失败与复发患者的获得耐药性情况。方法:对越南新发涂阳结核病患者2901例的队列进行登记,登记时收集、贮存痰标本。治疗失败或复发时再次留痰。将二次痰标本进行培养、药敏试验及限制性内切酶片段长度多态... 详细信息

目的:确定新发涂阳结核病治疗后失败与复发患者的获得耐药性情况。方法:对越南新发涂阳结核病患者2901例的队列进行登记,登记时收集、贮存痰标本。治疗失败或复发时再次留痰。将二次痰标本进行培养、药敏试验及限制性内切酶片段长度多态性(RFLP)分型。结果:40例失败患者中,有17例在初次登记时即为耐多药结核病(mDR)。非原发mDR的23例失败患者中有15例(65％)为获得性mDR病例。39例复发患者及 143例对照者中均无原发mDR病例。结论:原发耐药性对治疗失败,复发及进一步产生的获得耐药性都是有明显影响的危险因素。因为80％的失败病例为 mDR,因此在对新病例具有高治愈率的控制规划中,失败病例不宜采用标准复治方案。

关键词：结核病耐多药抗结核药物治疗失败越南

Developing a two-decadal time-record of rice field maps using Landsat-derived multi-index image collections with a random forest classifier:A Google Earth Engine based approach

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2024年第2期11卷 260-275页

作者： w.Ashane m.Fernando I.P.Senanayake Department of Nano Science Technology Wayamba University of Sri LankaKuliyapitiya 60200Sri Lanka Dchoolf Engineing CllegeoEngineeringSience and EnionmentThe UniversyewcastleCallaghanW2Austraia

Historic maps showing the temporal distribution of rice fields are important for precision agriculture,irrigation optimisation,forecasting crop yields,land use management and formulating ***,mapping rice felds using traditional ground surveys is impractical when high cost,time and labour requirements are considered,and the availability of such detailed records is *** satellite remote sensing appears to be a viable solution,conventional segmentation and classification methods with spectral bands are often unable to contrast the distinct characteristics between rice fields and other vegetation *** this end,we explored a novel,Google Earth Engine(GEE)based multiindex random forest(RF)classification approach to map rice fields over two *** images from 2000 to 2020 of two Sri Lankan rice cultivation districts were extracted from GEE and a multi-index RF classification algorithm was applied to distinguish the rice *** results showed above 80%accuracy for both training and validation,when compared against high spatial resolution Google Earth *** essence,multi-index sampling and RF together synergised the compelling classifcation accuracy by effectively capturing vegetation,water(ponding)and soil characteristics unique to the rice felds using a single-click *** maps developed in this study were further compared against the mODIS land cover type product(mCD12Q1)and the corresponding superior statistics on rice fields demonstrated the robustness of the proposed *** work seeking effective index combinations is recommended,and this approach can potentially be extended to other crop analyses elsewhere.

关键词： Google Earth Engine(GEE) Image classification Random forest mapping rice fields Time series analysis Vegetation index

Food intolerance and the few-foods(or oligoantigenic)diet in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

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Food Science and Human wellness 2024年第4期13卷 1729-1738页

作者： Klaus w.Lange Andreas Reissmann Yukiko Nakamura Katharina m.Lange Faculty of Human Sciences University of RegensburgRegensburg 93040Germany Department of Psychology University of BathBath BA27AYUnited Kingdom

The hypothesis that some children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)may show sensitivity or allergic reactions to various food items has led to the development of the the few-foods(or oligoantigenic)*** rationale of the diet is to eliminate certain foods from the diet in order to exclude potential allergens contained either naturally in food or in artificial ingredients with allergenic *** oligoantigenic diet attempts to identify individual foods to which a person might be ***,ADHD symptoms are monitored while multiple foods are excluded from the ***,if symptoms remit,foods are re-introduced,while observing the individual for the return of *** advantage of the oligoantigenic diet is that it can be tailored to the individual.A growing body of evidence suggests that behavioral symptoms of subgroups of children with ADHD may benefit from the elimination of certain *** effect sizes of an oligoantigenic diet regarding improvement of ADHD symptoms have been found to be medium to *** evidence suggests that the investigation of the role of food hypersensitivities in ADHD is a promising avenue worthy of further *** large-scale,randomized controlled studies including assessment of long-term outcome are therefore warranted.

关键词： Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Food intolerance Few-foods diet Etiology Treatment

Prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths among women of reproductive age in mwaluphamba,Kwale

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2024年第2期17卷 71-83页

作者： Samuel m.Ngui Joseph m.mwangangi Joachim Richter Josephine w.Ngunjiri Department of Biological Sciences University of EmbuKenya medical Entomology Kenya Medical Research Institute(KEMRI)Center for Geographic Medicine Research Coast KilifiKenya Institute of International Health Global Health CenterCharitéUniversity MedicineBerlinCorporate Member of Free University and Humboldt University and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland Tropical and Infectious Diseases Department of Biological sciencesUniversity of EmbuKenya

Objective:To assess the epidemiology of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among women of reproductive age in mwaluphamba,Kwale County,***:A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed to randomly sample 422 women of reproductive age(15-m four villages in mwaluphamba *** specimens were collected and examined using the Kato-Katz method,while filtration technique was used to analyze urine ***’sociodemographic details were obtained using a standardized ***:Urinary schistosomiasis prevalence was at 4.7%(20/422,95%CI 2.8%-6.9%)while the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis infection was 4.5%(19/422,95%CI 2.6%-6.7%).The infection intensities of urinary schistosomiasis among the study participants ranged from 1 to 120 eggs/10 mL of urine with median egg count of 18.45 eggs/10 *** patients were diagnosed with light infection,of 56.16 egg/gram and 48.48 egg/gram for Trichuris trichiura and hookworms,*** without latrines had 15.7 times higher risk of having urinary schistosomiasis compared to those with a ***,use of surface water(aOR=1.0,95%CI 0.2-1.4,P=0.010)and crossing the river to go to a place(aOR=1.1,95%CI 0.3-1.6,P=0.009)were statistically significant risk factors for getting urinary *** bivariable regression analysis,defecating around the water source(OR=4.3,95%CI 1.5-12.9)had a statistically significant association with the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis(P=0.008).Conclusions:This study has given an insight on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in mwaluphamba location that form a basis for strengthening the control and elimination programmes for these neglected tropical diseases.

关键词： Urinary schistosomiasis Prevalence Soiltransmitted helminths mwaluphamba