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Soil moisture controls the spatio-temporal pattern of soil respiration under different land use systems in a semi-arid ecosystem of Delhi,India

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 172-184页

作者： Archana meena m.Hanief J.Dinakaran K.S.rao Department of Botany University of RajasthanJaipurRajasthan 302004India Department of Botany Baba Ghulam Ghulam Shah Badshah UniversityRajouriJammu and Kashmir 185234India Department of Botany Bhaskaracharya College of Applied SciencesUniversity of DelhiDwarkaDelhi 110007India Department of Botany University of DelhiDelhi 110007India

Background:Soil respiration(S_(R))is a critical process for understanding the impact of climatic conditions and land degradation on the carbon cycle in terrestrial *** measured the S_(R) and soil environmental factors over 1 year in four land uses with varying levels of disturbance and different vegetation types viz.,mixed forest cover(mFC),Prosopis juliflora(Sw.)forest cover(PFC),agricultural field(AF),and vegetable field(VF),in a semi-arid area of Delhi,*** primary aim was to assess the effects of soil moisture(S_(m)),soil temperature(S_(T)),and soil microbial activity(S_(mA))on the S_(R).methods:The S_(R) was measured monthly using an LI-6400 with an infrared gas analyser and a soil *** S_(m) was measured using the gravimetric *** S_(T)(10 cm)was measured with a probe attached to the *** S_(mA) was determined by fluorescein diacetate ***:The S_(R) showed seasonal variations,with the mean annual S_(R) ranging from 3.22 to 5.78μmol m^(−2) s^(−1) and higher S_(R) rates of~15-55%in the cultivated fields(AF,VF)than in the forest sites(mFC,PFC).The VF had significantly higher S_(R)(PmFC),which did not vary significantly from one another in S_(R)(Pmeasures ANOVA evaluated the significant differences(Pmonths(July,August,September,February).The S_(m) as a single factor showed a strong significant relationship in all the land uses(R^(2)=0.67-0.91,PmFC,and AF(R^(2)=0.14-0.31;P>0.05).Contrasting results were observed in the VF,which showed high S_(R) during summer(may;11.21μmol m^(−2) s^(−1))and a significant exponential relationship with the S_(T)(R^(2)=0.52;PmA(R2=0.44-0.5;Pm),S_(T),and S_(mA) explained 91-95

关键词： Soil respiration Soil moisture Soil microbes Soil temperature Precipitation Land use change Semi-arid ecosystems

Design of multi-Valued Logic Circuit Using Carbon Nano Tube Field Transistors

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Computers, materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 5283-5298页

作者： S.V.Ratankumar L.Koteswara rao m.Kiran Kumar Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education FoundationAziz NagarHyderabad500075TelanganaIndia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering RGM College of Engineering and TechnologyNandyal518501Andhra PradeshIndia Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education FoundationVaddeswaramGuntur522502Andhra PradeshIndia

The design of a three-input logic circuit using carbon nanotube field effect transistors(CNTFETs)is *** logic must be an exact replacement for dual logic since it performs straightforwardly in digital devices,which is why this design is so popular,and it also reduces chip area,both of which are examples of circuit *** proposed module we have investigated is a triple-logic-based one,based on advanced technology CNTFETs and an emphasis on minimizing delay times at various values,as well as comparisons of the design working with various load *** the proposed design with the existing design,the delay times was reduced from 66.32 to 16.41 ps,i.e.,a 75.26%***,the power dissipation was not optimized,and increased by 1.44%compared to the existing *** number of transistors was also reduced,and the product of power and delay(P∗D)achieved a value of 0.0498053 *** improvement at 1 V was also achieved.A load capacitance(fF)was measured at different values,and the average delay measured for different values of capacitance had a maximum of 83.60 ps and a minimum of 22.54 ps,with a range of 61.06 *** power dissipations ranged from a minimum of 3.38μW to a maximum of 6.49μ*** on these results,the use of this CNTFET half-adder design in multiple Boolean circuits will be a useful addition to circuit design.

关键词： Carbon nanotube field effect transistor(CNTFET) multivalued logic(mVL) ternary adder Hewlett simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis(HSPICE) chirality(nm) adder

Optimized sintering and mechanical properties of Y-TZP ceramics for dental restorations by adding lithium disilicate glass ceramics

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2021年第6期10卷 1326-1337页

作者： Ke LI Jiancun rao Congqin NING State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine micro structure Shanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China Center of materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China AIm Lab Maryland NanoCenterUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA The Education ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional materials Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China

The novel dental ceramics can be fabricated at lower temperatures when sol-gel derived lithium disilicate glass ceramics(LDGC)was used as an additive for yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline(Y-TZP)*** effect of LDGC on the sintering,mechanical,and translucent properties of Y-TZP ceramics was investigated in the present *** results showed that the LDGC additive effectively improved the densification of Y-TZP at 1100℃,which was much lower than the sintering temperature for pure *** sintered at 1100℃,the Y-TZP with 1 wt%LDGC reached a relative density of 95.45%,and prossessed a flexural strength of 482.4 mPa and a fracture toughness of 5.94 ***,its translucency was also ***,the addition of LDGC could result in an escape of yttrium atoms from the grain lattice of zirconia,which induced the tetragonal-monoclinic transformation of zirconia and abnormal growth of monoclinic *** escaped yttrium atoms diffused into the intergranular glass *** results indicated that the novel Y-TZP-LDGC ceramics has a great potential to be used for all-ceramic restorations.

关键词： yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline(Y-TZP) lithium disilicate glass ceramics(LDGC) sintering mechanical properties dental restoration

Assessment of above- and belowground carbon pools in a semi-arid forest ecosystem of Delhi, India

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 93-103页

作者： Archana meena Ankita Bidalia m.Hanief JDinakaran K.S.rao Department of Botany University of RajasthanJaipurRajasthan 302004India Natural Resource management Laboratory Department of BotanyUniversity of DelhiNorth CampusDelhi 110007India Department of Botany Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah UniversityRajouriJ&K 185234India

Background:Assessment of carbon pools in semi-arid forests of India is crucial in order to develop a better action plan for management of such ecosystems under global climate change and rapid *** study,therefore,aims to assess the above-and belowground carbon storage potential of a semi-arid forest ecosystem of ***:For the study,two forest sites were selected,i.e.,north ridge(NRF)and central ridge(CRF).Aboveground tree biomass was estimated by using growing stock volume equations developed by Forest Survey of India and specific wood *** biomass was determined by harvest sampling ***(root)biomass was determined by using a developed *** soil organic carbon(SOC),soil samples were collected at 0–10-cm and 10–20-cm depth and carbon content was ***:The present study estimated 90.51 mg ha−1 biomass and 63.49 mg C ha−1 carbon in the semi-arid forest of Delhi,*** lower diameter classes showed highest tree density,i.e.,240 and 328 individuals ha−1(11–20 cm),basal area,i.e.,8.7(31–40 cm)and 6.08m2 ha−1(11–20 cm),and biomass,i.e.,24.25 and 23.57 mg ha−1(11–20 cm)in NRF and CRF,***,a significant contribution of biomass(7.8 mg ha−1)in DBH class 81–90 cm in NRF suggested the importance of mature trees in biomass and carbon *** forests were predominantly occupied by Prosopis juliflora(Sw.)DC which also showed the highest contribution to the(approximately 40%)tree *** allocation was maximum in aboveground(40–49%),followed by soil(29.93–37.7%),belowground or root(20–22%),and litter(0.27–0.59%).Conclusion:Our study suggested plant biomass and soils are the potential pools of carbon storage in these ***,carbon storage in tree biomass was found to be mainly influenced by tree density,basal area,and species *** belonging to lower DBH classes are the major carbon sinks in these *** the study,native trees contributed to the significan

关键词： Semi-arid forest Carbon pool Forest management Species composition Basal area Carbon allocation pattern

Experimental studies of water hammer in propellant feed system of reaction control system

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Propulsion and Power Research 2018年第1期7卷 52-59页

作者： Avanish Kumar P.Satya Prasad m.Raghavendra rao Defence Research&Development Laboratory HyderabadTelangana 500058India

Water hammer pressure transient produces large dynamic forces which can damage the pipes and other assemblies in the feed line of a reaction control system(RCS).It has led to the failure of pressure transducers monitoring the manifold pressure in the feed line of ***,water hammer studies have been carried out to understand its effect in feed *** system has been simplified to develop a mathematical model and experiments have been carried out at extensive *** mathematical model was developed considering pipe of uniform c/s and moving liquid-gas *** experimental studies have been done using water as working medium instead of actual *** studies showed that rate of pressurization have a very critical role on the water hammer *** studies have been also carried out to study the effect of density,friction and initial liquid column length on water hammer amplitude.

关键词： Water hammer Reaction control system(RCS) Propellant feed system Experimental study Testing

Performance analysis of multiple gain boost converter with hybrid maximum power point tracker for solar PV connected to grid

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Clean Energy 2021年第4期5卷 655-672页

作者： B.m.Kiran Kumar m.S.Indira S.Nagaraja rao m S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences Department of Electrical EngineeringBangaloreIndia-560058

This paper analyses the performance of a multiple gain boost converter(mGBC)connected to a solar photovoltaic(SPV)system with a grid-tied *** capacitor inductor capacitor(CLC)-based mGBC is integrated to lift the output voltage of the SPV to the required *** voltage lifts/levels in a boost converter(BC)are based on the number of CLC *** suggested mGBC is compared with various conventional BCs in terms of boost factor and component count.A hybrid fuzzy logic-perturb&observe maximum power point tracker(HFL-P&O mPPT)developed is used to monitor P_(max)(maximum power)generated by the ***,a comparative analysis of the suggested mPPT with a conventional P&O and fuzzy logic-based(FLB)mPPT for a CLC-based mGBC is *** comparison is made in terms of rise time,voltage ripples(%),steady-state time and boost *** output characteristics of the developed model for different irradiation conditions are analysed using the mATLAB/Simulink *** mPPT simulation result exhibits minimum oscillations at mPP and a significantly better rise time of 0.015 s when compared with a conventional mPPT and FLB *** proposed CLC-mGBC gives an appreciable boost factor of *** generated SPV power is supplied to the grid through a conventional inverter and synchronized using a phase-locked loop *** total harmonic distortion of 1.66%obtained in the output current of the inverter is within the permissible range of the IEEE standards.

关键词： CLC-mGBC FLB mPPT Grid-tie inverter SPV THD

Photocatalytic properties of hierarchical CuO nanosheets synthesized by a solution phase method

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第7期30卷 115-124页

作者： martha Purnachander rao Jerry J.Wu Abdullah m.Asiri Sambandam Anandan muthupandian Ashokkumar Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Conversion Lab Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Department of Environmental Engineering and Science Feng Chia University The Center of Excellence for Advanced materials Research King Abdulaziz University School of Chemistry University of Melbourne

CuO nanomaterials were synthesized by a simple solution phase method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide（CTAB） as a surfactant and their photocatalytic property was determined towards the visible-light assisted degradation of Reactive Black-5 dye. A detailed mechanism for the formation of CuO nanostructures has been *** effect of various experimental parameters such as catalyst amount, dye concentration,p H and oxidizing agent on the dye degradation efficiency was studied. About 87% dye was degraded at p H 2 in the presence of CuO nanosheets under visible light. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of CuO nanosheets can be ascribed to good crystallinity, grain size,surface morphology and a strong absorption in the visible region. CuO is found to be a promising catalyst for industrial waste water treatment.

关键词： CuO Photocatalytic degradation Visible light Reactive Black-5 Reusability

modeling of aggregation kernels for fluidized beds using discrete particle model simulations

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Particuology 2014年第2期12卷 134-144页

作者： Nageswara rao Narni mirko Peglow Gerald Warnecke Jitendra Kumar Stefan Heinriche J.A.m.Kuipers Department of mathematics Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge TechnologiesGachibowliHyderabad 500032India Institute for Process Engineering Otto-von-Guericke-University MagdeburgUniversitatsplatz 2D-39106 MagdeburgGermany Institute for Analysis and Numerics Otto-von-Guericke-University MagdeburgUniversitatsplatz 2D-39106 MagdeburgGermany Department of mathematics ⅡT KharagpurIndia Institute of Solids Process Engineering and Particle TechnologyHamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Eindhoven University of Technology-SmR P.O.Box 5135600 MB EindhovenThe Netherlands

Aggregation is one of the many important processes in chemical and process engineering. Several researchers have attempted to understand this complex process in fluidized beds using the macro-model of population balance equations （PBEs）. The aggregation kernel is an effective parameter in PBEs, and is defined as the product of the aggregation efficiency and collision frequency functions. Attempts to derive this kernel have taken different approaches, including theoretical, experimental, and empirical techniques. The present paper calculates the aggregation kernel using micro-model computer simulations, i.e., a discrete particle model. We simulate the micro-model without aggregation for various initial conditions, and observe that the collision frequency function is in good agreement with the shear kernel. We then simulate the micro-model with aggregation and calculate the aggregation efficiency rate.

关键词： Aggregation kernelsmulti-phase flowCollision frequency functionAggregation efficiency rateBed parameter

One-step fabrication of ultrathin layered 1T@2H phase moS2 with high catalytic activity based counter electrode for photovoltaic devices

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2020年第16期47卷 94-101页

作者： K.Silambarasan J.Archana S.Harish m.Navaneethan R.sankar Ganesh S.Ponnusamy C.muthamizhchelvan K.Hara Functional materials and Energy Devices Laboratory Department of Physics and NanotechnologySRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur603203India Nanotechnology Research Center(NRC) Faculty of Engineering and TechnologySRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur603203India Research Institute of Electronics Shizuoka University3-5-1 JohokuNaka-KuHamamatsuShizuoka432-8011Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Shizuoka University3-5-1 JohokuNaka-KuHamamatsuShizuoka432-8011Japan

The metallic phase of molybdenum disulfide(m-moS2)and semiconductor phase of molybdenum disulfide(S-moS2)was synthesized by hydrothermal method,using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB)as a *** structural and elemental composition confirmed the formation of m-moS2 and *** the morphological analysis layered nanosheets with an inter-layered distance of 0.62 nm for m-moS2 and 0.95 nm for S-moS2 was ***-transform infrared(FT-IR)spectral analysis was used to investigate the existence of CTAB functional *** peak at 885 cm-1 attributed to the CH3 bond which confirmed the presence of CTAB in the *** anodic and cathodic peak separation(Epp)values of the counter electrode(CE)has showed at 468.28 mV(m-moS2)and 540.87 mV(S-moS2).The m-moS2 thin film shows higher catalytic activity when compared to S-moS2 due to more active sites and electronic *** power conversion efficiency of m-moS2 CE based device exhibits higher efficiency compared to S-moS2 CE based device.

关键词： m-moS2 S-moS2 Layered nanosheet Catalytic Power conversion