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Full noncontact laser ultrasound:first human data

Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 11-21页

作者： Xiang Zhang jonathan R.Fincke Charles m.Wynn matt R.Johnson Robert W.Haupt Brian W.Anthony Department of mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts Ave.CambridgeMA 02139USA Institute for medical Engineering&Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology45 Carleton St.CambridgeMA 02142USA Lincoln Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology244 Wood StreetLexingtonMA 02421USA

Full noncontact laser ultrasound(LUS)imaging has several distinct advantages over current medical ultrasound(US)technologies:elimination of the coupling mediums(gel/water),operator-independent image quality,improved repeatability,and volumetric *** light-based ultrasound utilizing tissue-penetrating photoacoustics(pA)generally uses traditional piezoelectric transducers in contact with the imaged tissue or carries an optical fiber detector close to the imaging *** pA,the LUS design presented here minimizes the optical penetration and specifically restricts optical-to-acoustic energy transduction at the tissue surface,maximizing the generated acoustic source *** an appropriate optical design and interferometry,any exposed tissue surfaces can become viable acoustic sources and *** operates analogously to conventional ultrasound but uses light instead of piezoelectric ***,we present full noncontact LUS results,imaging targets at~5 cm depths and at a meterscale standoff from the target *** results demonstrating volumetric imaging and the first LUS images on humans are presented,all at eye-and skin-safe optical exposure *** progression of LUS imaging from tissue-mimicking phantoms,to excised animal tissue,to humans in vivo is shown,with validation from conventional ultrasound *** LUS system design insights and results presented here inspire further LUS development and are a significant step toward the clinical implementation of LUS.

关键词： laser piezoelectric image

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Health Emergency and Disaster Risk management: Five Years into Implementation of the Sendai Framework

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第2期11卷 206-217页

作者： Natalie Wright Lucy Fagan Jostacio mLapitan Ryoma Kayano jonathan Abrahams Qudsia Huda Virginia murray Global public Health Public Health EnglandLondon SE18UGUK Disaster Risk management and Resilience Unit Health Security Preparedness DepartmentWorld Health OrganizationGeneva 1211Switzerland WHO Centre for Health Development(WHO Kobe Centre) KobeHyogo 651-0073Japan

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 recognizes health at the heart of disaster risk management(DRm)at the global policy *** years on,it has catalyzed the rapid development of the field of Health Emergency and Disaster Risk management(Health EDRm)by providing a mandate for building partnerships as well as enhancing scientific *** milestones achieved include publication of the World Health Organization’s Health EDRm Framework,development of the WHO Thematic platform for Health EDRm and the WHO Health EDRm Research Network,and further application of health information principles to ***,health actors at all levels have continued to engage in the Sendai Framework processes and have had a key role in its implementation and proposed *** have been significant gains made through the partnership of health and DRm,but the relationship has not been without its *** national,regional,and global initiatives continue to operate with a lack of consistency and of linkages to respond to the Sendai Framework’s call for embedding health resilience in DRm,and conversely,embedding DRm in health *** this hurdle is important,and doing so will be a key marker of success of the next 10 years of partnership under the Sendai Framework.

关键词： Data collection Disaster risk management Health emergencies Research networks Sendai Framework

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Jointly Optimized Spatial Histogram UNET Architecture(JOSHUA)for Adipose Tissue Segmentation

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Biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2022年第1期3卷 248-261页

作者： Joshua K.peeples Julie F.Jameson Nisha m.Kotta jonathan m.Grasman Whitney L.Stoppe Alina Zare Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Department of Chemical Engineering University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA J.Crayton pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of TechnologyUniversity HeightsNewarkNJ 07102USA

*** aim to develop a machine learning algorithm to quantify adipose tissue deposition at surgical sites as a function of biomaterial *** *** our knowledge,this study is the first investigation to apply convolutional neural network(CNN)models to identify and segment adipose tissue in histological images from silk fibroin biomaterial *** designing biomaterials for the treatment of various soft tissue injuries and diseases,one must consider the extent of adipose tissue *** this work,we analyzed adipose tissue accumulation in histological images of sectioned silk fibroin-based biomaterials excised from rodents following subcutaneous implantation for 1,2,4,or 8 *** strategies for quantifying adipose tissue after biomaterial implantation are often tedious and prone to human bias during *** used CNN models with novel spatial histogram layer(s)that can more accurately identify and segment regions of adipose tissue in hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)and masson’s trichrome stained images,allowing for determination of the optimal biomaterial *** compared the method,Jointly Optimized Spatial Histogram UNET Architecture(JOSHUA),to the baseline UNET model and an extension of the baseline model,attention UNET,as well as to versions of the models with a supplemental attention-inspired mechanism(JOSHUA+and UNET+).*** inclusion of histogram layer(s)in our models shows improved performance through qualitative and quantitative *** results demonstrate that the proposed methods,JOSHUA and JOSHUA+,are highly beneficial for adipose tissue identification and *** new histological dataset and code used in our experiments are publicly available.

关键词： injuries implantation Spatial

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EXTENDED REGULARIZED DUAL AVERAGING mETHODS FOR STOCHASTIC OpTImIZATION

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Journal of Computational mathematics 2023年第3期41卷 525-541页

作者： jonathan W.Siegel Jinchao Xu Department of mathematics Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

We introduce a new algorithm,extended regularized dual averaging(XRDA),for solving regularized stochastic optimization problems,which generalizes the regularized dual averaging(RDA)*** main novelty of the method is that it allows a flexible control of the backward step *** instance,the backward step size used in RDA grows without bound,while for XRDA the backward step size can be kept *** demonstrate experimentally that additional control over the backward step size can speed up the convergence of the algorithm while preserving desired properties of the iterates,such as ***,we show that the XRDA method achieves the same convergence rate as RDA for general convex objectives.

关键词： Convex Optimization Subgradient methods Structured Optimization Nonsmooth Optimization

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possible role of microparticles in neuroimmune signaling of microglial cells

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Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation 2016年第1期3卷 232-242页

作者： Stephanie m.Schindler Ekta Bajwa jonathan p.Little Andis Klegeris Department of Biology University of British Columbia Okanagan CampusKelownaBritish Columbia V1V 1V7Canada School of Health and Exercise Sciences University of British Columbia Okanagan CampusKelownaBritish Columbia V1V 1V7Canada

Aim:Submicron fragments termed microparticles(mps),derived from all major central nervous system cell types including neurons and glia(microglia,astrocytes,oligodendrocytes),have emerged as novel intercellular signaling *** study tested the hypothesis that mps derived from activated microglia,which represent the mononuclear phagocyte system in the brain,could induce pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic responses of microglia in an autocrine or paracrine ***:Human THp-1 monocytic cells were used to model human *** derived from these cells were reapplied to THp-1 cells and their secretion of neurotoxins and cytokines was ***:When exposed to lipopolysaccharide(LpS)or mitochondrial transcription factor A in combination with interferon(IFN)-γ,THp-1 cells released *** reapplied to THp-1 cells,mps induced the release of secretions that were toxic to human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells,as well as monocyte chemoattractant *** cytotoxicity of THp-1 cells induced by mps derived from IFN-γplus LpS-treated THp-1 donor cells was enhanced in the presence of IFN-γ.The mps released by THp-1 cells were not directly toxic towards SH-SY5Y ***:Our data support the hypothesis that activated microglia-derived mps could act as signaling agents that are recognized by microglia to cause pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic responses.

关键词： microparticles damage-associated molecular patterns mononuclear phagocytes glial cells microglia neurotoxicity Alzheimer’s disease parkinson’s disease

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Genetic epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第40期21卷 11353-11361页

作者： Jasbir makker Sridhar Chilimuri jonathan N Bella Department of medicine Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by presence of abdominal pain or discomfort associated with altered bowel habits. It has three main subtypes- constipation predominant IBS(C-IBS),diarrhea predominant IBS(D-IBS) and IBS with mixed featuresof both diarrhea as well as constipation(m-IBS). Its pathophysiology and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. It is traditionally believed that IBS is a result of multiple factors including hypersensitivity of the bowel,altered bowel motility,inflammation and stress. Initial studies have shown familial aggregation of IBS suggesting shared genetic or environmental factors. Twin studies of IBS from different parts of world have shown higher concordance rates among monozygotic twins than dizygotic twins,and thus suggesting a genetic component to this disorder. multiple studies have tried to link single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNps) to IBS but there is little evidence that these SNps are functional. Various molecules have been studied and investigated by the researchers. Serotonin,a known neurotransmitter and a local hormone in the enteric nervous system,has been most extensively explored. At this time,the underlying gene pathways,genes and functional variants linked with IBS remain unknown and the promise of genetically-determined risk prediction and personalize medicine remain unfulfilled. However,molecular biological technologies continue to evolve rapidly and genetic investigations offer much promise in the intervention,treatment and prevention of IBS.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Single-nucleotide polymor

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Home Range Size and Overlap of the Small Nocturnal Schlegel’s Japanese Gecko (Gekko japonicus), Introduced into a City park in Korea

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Asian Herpetological Research 2019年第4期10卷 261-269页

作者： Il-Kook pARK Dae-In KIm jonathan JFONG Daesik pARK Department of Biology Kangwon National UniversityChuncheonKangwon 24341South Korea Science Unit Lingnan UniversityTuen MunNew TerritoriesHong KongChina Division of Science Education Kangwon National UniversityChuncheonKangwon 24341South Korea

Studying the home range of an organism is important in understanding its ecology. Due to being cryptic, few studies have been conducted on the home range studies of small, nocturnal geckos. We conducted radio-tracking surveys for 23 individuals to estimate the home range size and home range overlap of the Schlegel’s Japanese gecko(Gekko japonicus) previously introduced into a suburban city park. Individuals were commonly found in artificial structures(buildings and accessory structures) and on nearby natural trees. Daily moved distance was positively correlated with home range size. minimum convex polygon(mCp) home range was 97.8 m^2 for females and 99.5 m^2 for males, on average. Gekko japonicus moved farther daily distances and used wider mCp and Kernel 95 home ranges in breeding season compared to non-breeding season, while the size of Kernel 50 home range did not differ between seasons. Both daily moved distance and home range size were not significantly different between sexes. In the breeding season, mCp and Kernel 50 home ranges of each gecko overlapped with 32.4% and 13.8% of remaining geckos, respectively. Our results not only show that 1) G. japonicus uses both artificial structures and adjacent natural trees as microhabitat, but also suggest that 2) G. japonicus is non-territorial, but has a core habitat that is shared with few other individuals, and 3) the reproductive system of G. japonicus is polygamous.

关键词： radio telemetry invasive species territory lizard Korea

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pangenome analysis of Enterobacteria reveals richness of secondary metabolite gene clusters and their associated gene sets

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2022年第3期7卷 900-910页

作者： Omkar S.mohite Colton J.Lloyd jonathan m.monk Tilmann Weber Bernhard O.palsson The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby2800Denmark Department of Bioengineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA

In silico genome mining provides easy access to secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs)encoding the biosynthesis of many bioactive compounds,which are the basis for many important drugs used in human ***,the association between BGCs and other functions encoded in the genomes of producers have remained ***,we present a systems biology workflow that integrates genome mining with a detailed pangenome analysis for detecting genes associated with a particular *** analyzed 3,889 enterobacterial genomes and found 13,266 BGCs,represented by 252 distinct BGC families and 347 additional singletons.A pangenome analysis revealed 88 genes putatively associated with a specific BGC coding for the colon cancer-related colibactin that code for diverse metabolic and regulatory *** presented workflow opens up the possibility to discover novel secondary metabolites,better understand their physiological roles,and provides a guide to identify and analyze BGC associated gene sets.

关键词： pangenome analysis Workflow Secondary metabolites Colibactin Enterobacteria Secretion systems

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Novel approaches to therapeutics in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: vitamin C and tumor treatment fields

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Journal of Cancer metastasis and Treatment 2021年第1期7卷 284-299页

作者： Laith Abushahin Travis Jones jonathan Song Terence m.Williams Haseebah Shahzad Anne Noonan Arthur G.James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J.Solove Research Institute The Ohio State University Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Internal medicine Division of Medical OncologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Department of mechanical&Aerospace Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Radiation Oncology The Ohio State University Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA

pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(pDAC)is a lethal disease with limited therapeutic *** extensive clinical research over the past several decades,meaningful improvements in care standards have been challenging to *** efforts are underway on several fronts,including cytotoxic chemotherapy combinations,immunotherapy,and targeted *** this review,we chose to focus less on mainstream avenues of clinical research in pDAC and highlight some novel and innovative research efforts that are typically outside the spotlight of *** of these novel approaches include pharmacologic vitamin C and electromagnetic *** review’s scope is to present the biological basis of the anti-cancer potential and the early clinical data,as well as the future landscape of these agents,including ongoing clinical trials in these therapeutic avenues.

关键词： pancreas cancer vitamin C ascorbate tumor treatment fields induced electromagnetic field electromagnetic field therapy

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progress in TNm staging of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2021年第2期10卷 238-240页

作者： Taymeyah Al-Toubah jonathan Strosberg lee moffitt cancer center department of gi oncologytampaflusa

In recent years,staging classifications for well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(NETs)have evolved significantly(1-3).Historical classifications,which attempted to combine clinical,pathological,and radiographic findings,were found to be overly *** was not until 2006 that Rindi et *** a standard four-stage TNm classification,which was subsequently endorsed by the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society(ENETS)(4).The T stage distinguished between tumors smaller than 2 cm(T1),2-4 cm(T2),>4 cm or invading duodenum/bile ducts(T3),and invading adjacent structures(T4).N and m stages were defined simply by the presence or absence of regional lymph nodes and distant metastases(Figure 1A).The American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)seventh edition adopted a different TNm classification in 2010,derived from the staging for pancreatic *** this classification,T1 referred to a tumorm,T2 referred to a tumor>2 cm,T3 referred to disease extending beyond the pancreas,and T4 referred to the invasion of the celiac axis or SmA(unresectable).As in the ENETS classification,N and m stage were defined simply by the presence or absence of metastases(Figure 1B).

关键词： staging invasion Figure

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