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Survey of Robotics in Education, Taxonomy, Applications, and Platforms during COVID-19

Computers, materials & Continua 2021年第4期67卷 687-707页

作者： Hussain A.Younis A.S.A.mohamed R.Jamaludin m.n.ab wahab College of Education for Women University of Basrah BasrahIraq School of Computer Sciences Universiti Sains MalaysiaMinden11800PenangMalaysia Centre For Instructional Technology&multimedia Universiti Sains MalaysiaMinden11800PenangMalaysia

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is characterized as a disease caused by a novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory coronavirus syndrome 2(SARS-CoV-2;formerly known as 2019-nCoV).In December 2019,COVID-19 began to appear in a few *** the beginning of 2020,it had spread to most countries across the *** is when education challenges began to *** COVID-19 crisis led to the closure of thousands of schools and universities all over the *** a situation requires reliance on e-learning and robotics education for students to continue their studies to avoid the mingling between people and *** relation to this alternative learning solution,the present study was conducted.A systematic literature review on educational robotics(ER)keywords between 2015–2020 was carried out for the purpose to review a total of 2253 articles from the selected sources;Scopus(452),Taylor&Francis(311),Science Direct(427),IEEE Xplore(221),and Web of Science(842).This review procedure was labelled as Taxonomy *** ltering Taxonomy 1,it was found that 98 scientic articles formed the so-called Taxonomy II that was categorized into six categories:(i)Robotics concepts,(ii)Device,(iii)Robotic applications,(iv)manufacturing robots,(v)Robotics analysis,and(vi)Education/*** this study,only 35 articles in this specic eld were selected,of which were then assigned into three categories:(i)Application,(ii)Platform,and(iii)*** results show that the application category carries 17.4%,platform 20%,and education 22.85%.This study serves as the application platform to help students,academics,and researchers.

关键词： COVID-19 educational educational robotics taxonomy application platform

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A Decentralized and TCAm-Aware Failure Recovery model in Software Defined Data Center networks

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Computers, materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 1087-1107页

作者： Suheib Alhiyari Siti Hafizah ab Hamid nur nasuha Daud Department of Computer System and Technology University of MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia

Link failure is a critical issue in large networks and must be effectively *** software-defined networks(SDn),link failure recovery schemes can be categorized into proactive and reactive *** schemes have longer recovery times while proactive schemes provide faster recovery but overwhelm the memory of switches by flow *** SDn adoption grows,ensuring efficient recovery from link failures in the data plane becomes *** particular,data center networks(DCns)demand rapid recovery times and efficient resource utilization to meet carrier-grade *** paper proposes an efficient Decentralized Failure Recovery(DFR)model for SDns,meeting recovery time requirements and optimizing switch memory resource *** DFR model enables switches to autonomously reroute traffic upon link failures without involving the controller,achieving fast recovery times while minimizing memory *** employs the Fast Failover Group in the OpenFlow standard for local recovery without requiring controller communication and utilizes the k-shortest path algorithm to proactively install backup paths,allowing immediate local recovery without controller intervention and enhancing overall network stability and *** employs flow entry aggregation techniques to reduce switch memory *** of matching flow entries to the destination host’s mAC address,DFR matches packets to the destination switch’s mAC *** reduces the switches’Ternary Content-Addressable memory(TCAm)***,DFR modifies Address Resolution Protocol(ARP)replies to provide source hosts with the destination switch’s mAC address,facilitating flow entry aggregation without affecting normal network *** performance of DFR is evaluated through the network emulator mininet 2.3.1 and Ryu 3.1 as SDn *** different number of active flows,number of hosts per edge switch,and different network sizes,the proposed model outperformed vario

关键词： Software defined networking failure detection failure recovery restoration protection TCAm size

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A Survey of Link Failure Detection and Recovery in Software-Defined networks

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Computers, materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 103-137页

作者： Suheib Alhiyari Siti Hafizah ab Hamid nur nasuha Daud Department of Software Engineering Universiti MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia

Software-defined networking(SDn)is an innovative paradigm that separates the control and data planes,introducing centralized network *** is increasingly being adopted by Carrier Grade networks,offering enhanced networkmanagement capabilities than those of traditional ***,because SDn is designed to ensure high-level service availability,it faces additional *** of themost critical challenges is ensuring efficient detection and recovery from link failures in the data *** failures can significantly impact network performance and lead to service outages,making resiliency a key concern for the effective adoption of *** the recovery process is intrinsically dependent on timely failure detection,this research surveys and analyzes the current literature on both failure detection and recovery approaches in *** survey provides a critical comparison of existing failure detection techniques,highlighting their advantages and ***,it examines the current failure recovery methods,categorized as either restoration-based or protection-based,and offers a comprehensive comparison of their strengths and ***,future research challenges and directions are discussed to address the shortcomings of existing failure recovery methods.

关键词： Software defined networking failure detection failure recovery restoration protection

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neurocircuit regeneration by extracellular matrix reprogramming

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2300-2301页

作者： Shengzhang Su Ian n.Levasseur Kimberly m.Alonge Department of medicinal Chemistry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Chemistry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of medicine University of Washington Medicine Diabetes InstituteSeattleWAUSA

The brain's extracellular matrix(ECm),which is comprised of protein and glycosaminoglycan(GAG)scaffolds,constitutes 20%-40% of the human brain and is considered one of the largest influencers on brain cell functioning(Soles et al.,2023).Synthesized by neural and glial cells,the brain's ECm regulates a myriad of homeostatic cellular processes,including neuronal plasticity and firing(miyata et al.,2012),cation buffering(moraws ki et al.,2015),and glia-neuron interactions(Anderson et al.,2016).Considering the diversity of functions,dynamic remodeling of the brain's ECm indicates that this understudied medium is an active participant in both normal physiology and neurological diseases.

关键词： matrix programming

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nucleoside modified mRnA-lipid nanoparticles as a new delivery platform for the repair of the injured spinal cord

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2311-2312页

作者： Krisztián Pajer Tamás Bellák Antal nógrádi Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary

Spinal cord injury and treatment opportunities:The adult mammalian spinal cord has a very limited capacity for spontaneous regeneration due to various intrinsic molecular and cellular *** the spinal cord neurons have the capacity to regenerate their axons,the expression of growth inhibitory factors,lack or suppression of proper guidance cues,and profound inflammatory responses do not permit successful regeneration(Khyeam et al.,2021).

关键词： injured capacity modified

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Stochastic Computing Convolutional neural network Architecture Reinvented for Highly Efficient Artificial Intelligence Workload on Field-Programmable Gate Array

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Research 2024年第2期2024卷 55-79页

作者： Yang Yang Lee Zaini abdul Halim mohd nadhir ab wahab Tarik Adnan Almohamad School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universiti Sains MalaysiaNibong Tebal 14300 Penang Malaysia School of Computer Sciences Universiti Sains MalaysiaGelugor11800 PenangMalaysia Electrical-Electronics Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringKarabuk University78050 KarabukTurkiye

Stochastic computing(SC)has a substantial amount of study on application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC)design for artificial intelligence(AI)edge computing,especially the convolutional neural network(Cnn)***,SC has little to no optimization on field-programmable gate array(FPGA).Scaling up the ASIC logic without FPGA-oriented designs is inefficient,while aggregating thousands of bitstreams is still challenging in the conventional *** research has reinvented several FPGA-efficient 8-bit SC Cnn computing architectures,i.e.,SC multiplexer multiply-accumulate,multiply-accumulate function generator,and binary rectified linear unit,and successfully scaled and implemented a fully parallel Cnn model on Kintex7 *** proposed SC hardware only compromises 0.14%accuracy compared to binary computing on the handwriting modified national Institute of Standards and Technology classification task and achieved at least 99.72%energy saving per image feedforward and 31?more data throughput than modern *** to SC,early decision termination pushed the performance baseline exponentially with minimum accuracy loss,making SC Cnn extremely lucrative for AI edge computing but limited to classification *** SC's inherent noise heavily penalizes Cnn regression performance,rendering SC unsuitable for regression tasks.

关键词： hardware Highly rendering

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Regulator of G protein signaling 6 mediates exercise-induced recovery of hippocampal neurogenesis,learning,and memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2969-2981页

作者： mackenzie m.Spicer Jianqi Yang Daniel Fu Alison n.DeVore marisol Lauffer nilufer S.Atasoy Deniz Atasoy Rory A.Fisher Department of neuroscience and Pharmacology University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Iowa neuroscience Institute University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in molecular medicine University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA neural Circuits and Behavior Core University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA

Hippocampal neuronal loss causes cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s *** hippocampal neurogenesis is reduced in patients with Alzheimer’s *** stimulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents and improves memory and slows cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s ***,the molecular pathways for exercise-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and improved cognition in Alzheimer’s disease are poorly ***,regulator of G protein signaling 6(RGS6)was identified as the mediator of voluntary running-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis in ***,we generated novel RGS6fl/fl;APP_(SWE) mice and used retroviral approaches to examine the impact of RGS6 deletion from dentate gyrus neuronal progenitor cells on voluntary running-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition in an amyloid-based Alzheimer’s disease mouse *** found that voluntary running in APP_(SWE) mice restored their hippocampal cognitive impairments to that of control *** cognitive rescue was abolished by RGS6 deletion in dentate gyrus neuronal progenitor cells,which also abolished running-mediated increases in adult hippocampal *** hippocampal neurogenesis was reduced in sedentary APP_(SWE) mice versus control mice,with basal adult hippocampal neurogenesis reduced by RGS6 deletion in dentate gyrus neural precursor ***6 was expressed in neurons within the dentate gyrus of patients with Alzheimer’s disease with significant loss of these RGS6-expressing ***,RGS6 mediated voluntary running-induced rescue of impaired cognition and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in APP_(SWE) mice,identifying RGS6 in dentate gyrus neural precursor cells as a possible therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease.

关键词： adult hippocampal neurogenesis Alzheimer’s disease dentate gyrus exercise learning/memory neural precursor cells regulator of G protein signaling 6(RGS6)

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Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón Pérez-núñez maría Fernanda González Ana maría Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

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Sex differences in aging and injured brain

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2901-2902页

作者： Jordan n.Williamson Yuan Yang University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Grainger College of EngineeringDepartment of BioengineeringUrbanaILUSA Carle Foundation Hospital Stephenson Family Clinical Research InstituteClinical Imaging Research CenterUrbanaILUSA University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUrbanaILUSA northwestern University Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement SciencesChicagoILUSA

Background:The prevalence,age of onset,and symptomatology of traumatic brain injury,stroke,and neurodegenerative diseases(such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and Huntington’s disease)differ substantially between males and *** higher prevalence of these brain disorders has been attributed to females having a greater longevity compared with *** one of the greatest risk factors of acquired brain injury(such as stroke,traumatic brain injury caused by fall)and neurodegenerative disease is age.

关键词： Huntington prevalence traumatic

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Astrocytes, reactive astrogliosis, and glial scar formation in traumatic brain injury

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 973-989页

作者： maría Belén Cieri Alberto Javier Ramos Laboratorio de neuropatología molecular IBCN UBA-CONICETFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina

Traumatic brain injury is a global health crisis,causing significant death and disability *** that follows traumatic brain injury has serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive impairments,with astrocytes involved in this *** traumatic brain injury,astrocytes rapidly become reactive,and astrogliosis propagates from the injury core to distant brain *** astroglial proteins are downregulated near the traumatic brain injury core,while pro-inflammatory astroglial genes are *** altered gene expression is considered a pathological remodeling of astrocytes that produces serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive *** addition,glial scar formed by reactive astrocytes is initially necessary to limit immune cell infiltration,but in the long term impedes axonal reconnection and functional *** therapeutic strategies for traumatic brain injury are focused on preventing acute ***,cannabinoids,progesterone,beta-blockers,and cerebrolysin demonstrate neuroprotective benefits but most of them have not been studied in the context of *** this review,we discuss the cell signaling pathways activated in reactive astrocytes following traumatic brain injury and we discuss some of the potential new strategies aimed to modulate astroglial responses in traumatic brain injury,especially using cell-targeted strategies with miRnAs or lncRnA,viral vectors,and repurposed drugs.

关键词： astrocyte glial scar innate immunity neuroinflammation stab injury Toll-like receptors

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