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An Awareness-Adoption matrix for Strategic Decision making in Agricultural Development Projects: A Case Study in Yunnan Province, China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2009年第9期8卷 1112-1119页

作者： m Subedi T J Hocking m.a fullen A R mcCrea E milne D J mitchell School of Applied Sciences The University of Wolverhampton Wolverhampton WV1 1LY UK Department of Geography University of Leicester Leicester LE1 7RH UK

Significant achievements have been made in generating sustainable agricultural technologies in developing countries. Usually, these new technologies have been more effective in increasing production and productivity than existing technologies. However, many new technologies considered ‘effective’ have not been successful in alleviating the associated sustainability problems, due to poor adoption by targeted users. Success of any novel technical intervention should be judged on the basis of how widespread adoption is in the target area by targeted users. In this context, a case study identified the factors affecting farmers’ adoption of improved technologies extended by an agricultural development project in a rural Village in Yunnan Province, China. Initial adoption/adaptation of project technologies was influenced by farmers’ awareness of the technology. Farmers were more aware of polythene mulch, contour cultivation, intercropping and tree planting technologies than others. This led to a com.aratively high initial uptake of polythene mulch, contour cultivation, sweet chestnut, and intercropping technologies. Farmers had inadequate knowledge about some Project technologies, the adoption of which was particularly low. This reveals the need for increasing farmers’ awareness about the rationale for Project technologies to achieve greater adoption/adaptation of project technologies by farmers over wider areas. Farmers’ testing of the technology leads to better adoption/adaptation com.ared to mere awareness. However, considerable time and resources are required for testing/trying technologies. This justifies the usefulness of com.aratively quick and less resource demanding options for awareness creation. Development of effective cropping technologies is important for sustainable agricultural development. The success of any agricultural development project, especially in terms of improving sustainability, depends on how widely those improved technologies are adopted/adap

关键词： awareness-adoption matrix sustainable agriculture China

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An Evaluation of the Introduction of modified Cropping Practices in Yunnan Province,China,Using Surveys of Farmers’ Households

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第2期8卷 188-202页

作者： m Subedi T J Hocking m.a fullen A R mcCrea E milne D J mitchell WU Bo-zhi School of Applied Sciences University of Wolverhampton Wulfruna Street Wolverhampton WV1 1LY UK The macaulay Institute Craigiebuckler Aberdeen AB15 8QH UK Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 P.R.China

Problems associated with land degradation are serious in China. Sloping land in South China has experienced a decline in crop productivity by 30-60% due to soil erosion and it has been predicted that most topsoil will be lost within the next 100 years if current erosion rates continue. Considering these situations, an agro-environmental research and development project （Sustainable Highland Agriculture in South-East Asia- SHASEA） was conducted in a catchment in Yunnan Province, China, to address the objectives of increasing crop productivity in sustainable and environmentally-friendly ways. A range of cropping practices was developed and implemented in a rural upland catchment （Wang Jia）. At the end of the project, farmers were surveyed to evaluate project effectiveness. All farmers from Wang Jia Catchment, who were involved in project implementation, were surveyed. A sample of farmers working in an adjacent catchment （not associated with the project） was surveyed for com.arative purposes. Farmers had different perceptions of the cropping practices employed. Contour cultivation was preferred and likely to be adopted. Others practices such as straw mulching and intercropping were seen as less appropriate and unlikely to be adopted. Polythene mulch was recognized as effective, but likely to be adopted only if financial returns were favourable. The availability of relevant information had an important im.act on the extent of technology testing by farmers and their willingness to adopt the practices in the future.

关键词： cropping practices farmers' perceptions household survey Yunnan China

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The application of proximal visible and near-infrared spectroscopy to estimate soil organic matter on the Triffa Plain of morocco

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第2期8卷 195-204页

作者： Ayoub Lazaar Abdul mounem mouazen Kamal EL Hammouti michael fullen Biswajeet Pradhan muham.ad Sohail memon Karim.andich Abdelilah monir Laboratory of Applied Geosciences Department of GeologyFaculty of ScienceMohammed First UniversityOujdaMorocco Division of mechatronics Biostatistics and Sensors(MeBioS)Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringKasteelpark Arenberg 30B-3001 HeverleeBelgium Faculty of Science and Engineering University of WolverhamptonWolverhamptonWV11LYUnited Kingdom Center for Advanced modelling and Geospatial Information Systems(CAmGIS) Faculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Technology SydneySydney2007NSWAustralia Faculty of Agricultural Engineering Sindh Agriculture UniversityTandojam70060Pakistan Laboratory of Applied Geomatics and Soil Science National Institute of Agronomic Research(INRA)OujdaMorocco Department of mathematics EDP and Scientific Computing TeamMoulay Ismail UniversityMéknesMorocco

Soil organic matter (SOm) is a fundamental soil constituent. The estimation of this parameter in the laboratory using the classical method is complex time-consuming and requires the use of chemical re-agents. The objectives of this study were to assess the accuracy of two laboratory m.asurement setups of the VIS-NIR spectroscopy in estimating SOm content and determine the important spectral bands in the SOm estimation model. A total of 115 soil samples were collected from the non-root zone (0-20 cm) of soil in the study area of the Triffa Plain and then analysed for SOm in the laboratory by the Walkley-Black method. The reflectance spectra of soil samples were m.asured by two protocols, Contact Probe (CP) and Pistol Grip (PG)) of the ASD spectroradiometer (350-2500 nm) in the laboratory. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to develop the prediction models. The results of coefficient of determination (R2) and the root m.an square error (RmSE) showed that the pistol grip offers reasonable accuracy with an R2=0.93 and RmSE=0.13 com.ared to the contact probe protocol with an R2=0.85 and RmSE = 0.19. The near-Infrared range were more accurate than those in the visible range for pre-dicting SOm using the both setups (CP and PG). The significant wavelengths contributing to the pre-diction of SOm for (PG) setup were at:424, 597, 1432, 1484, 1830,1920, 2200, 2357 and 2430 nm, while were at 433, 587, 1380, 1431, 1929, 2200 and 2345 nm for (CP) setup.

关键词： Soil organic matter VIS-NIR spectroscopy Reflectance spectra SOm estimation SOm.analysis

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模拟降雨条件下秸秆编织地表覆盖物对土壤侵蚀和小麦产量的影响

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土壤通报 2006年第5期37卷 969-972页

作者：郑文杰郑毅 m.a fullen C A Booeh 云南农业大学资源与环境学院云南昆明650201 伍尔沃汉普敦大学高级技术研究所

通过自制土壤冲蚀槽，并进行人工模拟降雨试验，研究了稻杆编织地表覆盖物对坡地土壤侵蚀和小麦产量的影响。结果表明：在坡度为27°，每次降雨强度为0．5—0．8mm／min，小麦整个生育期降雨量为672mm条件下，与无覆盖等高种植和顺坡种... 详细信息

通过自制土壤冲蚀槽，并进行人工模拟降雨试验，研究了稻杆编织地表覆盖物对坡地土壤侵蚀和小麦产量的影响。结果表明：在坡度为27°，每次降雨强度为0．5—0．8mm／min，小麦整个生育期降雨量为672mm条件下，与无覆盖等高种植和顺坡种植相比，应用秸秆编织地表覆盖物分别减少地表径流量28．36％，44．49％和25．26％～36．74％；分别减少土壤侵蚀55．66％～85．44％和12．13％～47．43％；增加小麦产量36．08％和27．95％。

关键词：模拟降雨稻秆编织地表覆盖物土壤侵蚀小麦产量

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Use of Farmers’ Indicators to Evaluate the Sustainability of Cropping Systems on Sloping Land in Yunnan Province, China

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Pedosphere 2009年第3期19卷 344-355页

作者： m. SUBEDI T. J. HOCKING m. A. fullen A, R. mcCREA E. mILNE WU Bo-Zhi D. Jo mITCHELL School of Applied Sciences The University of Wolverhampton Wulfruna Street Wolverhampton WV1 1LY （UK） The macaulay Institute Craigiebuekler Aberdeen AB15 8QH （UK） Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 （China）

Diversity in the biophysical and socio-economic attributes of agricultural systems makes them uniquely niche based. Farmers are expert in local biophysical and socio-economic situations and can contribute in developing pragmatic indicators of agro-environmental development. During evaluation of an agricultural research project in Yunnan, China, local farmers were capable of evaluating the effects of modified technologies on existing cropping systems and discussed their attitudes to the interventions using their own indicators. Farmers＇ response can be grouped into seven major aspects： i） effects on income, ii） effects on production resources, iii） effects on crop management, iv） existing local knowledge about the technology, v） availability of inputs, vi） access to information, and vii） socio-economic conditions of farming households. Farmers concluded that environmental conditions in the experimental catchment in com.arison to an adjacent untreated catchment were better in terms of soil and water losses, vegetation cover and natural resources, infrastructures and catchment management, use of environmentally-friendly technologies, and crop productivity. Success in soil and water conservation programmes depends on the efforts of the farmers and other local users and their greater involvement helps to identify more pragmatic indicators. Furthermore, it increases ownership of the programme, enhances interactions with the project scientists, increases farmers＇ awareness of ago-environmental problems and their possible consequences. These development will enable scientists to develop better targeted interventions and increase the likelihood of adoption of tested technologies by local communities. The use of paired adjacent catchments improved evaluation activities and is proposed as good practice for future catchment improvement programmes.

关键词： agro-environmental sustainability China farmers' evaluation farmers' indicator paired catchments

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不同耕种措施对坡地红壤侵蚀率的影响

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耕作与栽培 1996年第5期16卷 17-20页

作者：吴伯志刘立光郑毅夏振远 m.a.fullen D.J.mitchell A.P.BartonT.J.Hocking 昆明农业大学农学院云南农业大学农学院英国沃佛汉普顿大学应用科学系

１９９３—１９９５年中英就云南坡地红壤的侵蚀及保持方法进行了合作研究。试验分别设坡度、种植行向和不同的耕种措施为处理；供试作物；玉米（ＺｅａｍａｙＬ．）；三年的试验结果表明，麦杆覆盖在三个坡度上都能有效地减少径流，从... 详细信息

１９９３—１９９５年中英就云南坡地红壤的侵蚀及保持方法进行了合作研究。试验分别设坡度、种植行向和不同的耕种措施为处理；供试作物；玉米（ＺｅａｍａｙＬ．）；三年的试验结果表明，麦杆覆盖在三个坡度上都能有效地减少径流，从而减轻土壤流失；地膜覆盖产生的径流最多，造成的土壤流失最严重；两者在玉米生产季节产生的径流量和流失土量（三年平均）分别为８３２．９５ｍ３／ｈａ，１．２７ｔ／ｈａ和１０８４．０５ｍ３／ｈａ、５．９２ｔ／ｈａ，差异都达极显著水平。传统耕翻的径流量和流失土量为９６６．６ｍ３／ｈａ和５．７４ｔ／ｈａ，与麦杆覆盖相比，流失土的差异极显著。不同耕种措施产生的径流和土壤流失量的顺序相同，依次为地膜覆盖＞传统耕翻＞免耕＞间作＞麦杆覆盖。沿等高线种植的流失土量为３．５５ｔ／ｈａ，顺坡种植为５．０６ｔ／ｈａ，差异显著；径流量两者无差异。随坡度的增加，土壤侵蚀逐渐加重；３°的径流量显著少于１３°和３１°；坡度与径流量及流失土量为正相关。与上述结果不同，五种耕种措施中，地膜覆盖的玉米产量最高，达４．６１ｔ／ｈａ，传统耕翻最低，为３．８５ｔ／ｈａ，两者差异极显著；麦杆覆盖的产量居中（４．１９ｔ／ｈａ），但显著高于传统耕翻?

关键词：耕种措施坡地红壤侵蚀玉米

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狗尾草根系固土拉力的原位测定

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土壤通报 2009年第3期40卷 580-584页

作者：毛妍婷郑毅李永梅 m.a fullen C A Booth 云南农业大学资源与环境学院植物营养昆明 650201 伍尔弗汉普敦大学应用科学学院英国伍尔弗汉普敦WV11SB

应用锚杆拉力计和自行设计的剪切箱对狗尾草根系的固土能力在深度为10cm和20cm进行了原位测定,结果表明:在10cm深度,当施加的载荷增大到4.9kN时,狗尾草样方位移为53.3mm,而裸地样方承受的最大载荷为4.4kN,在此载荷下位移达到了55.0mm。... 详细信息

应用锚杆拉力计和自行设计的剪切箱对狗尾草根系的固土能力在深度为10cm和20cm进行了原位测定,结果表明:在10cm深度,当施加的载荷增大到4.9kN时,狗尾草样方位移为53.3mm,而裸地样方承受的最大载荷为4.4kN,在此载荷下位移达到了55.0mm。在20cm深度,当施加的载荷增大到5.3kN时,狗尾草样方位移为53.7mm,而裸地样方承受的最大载荷为4.0kN。该测定方法可以在水土保持上作为评价不同作物(植物)固土能力的有效手段。

关键词：根系固土能力原位测定

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土壤结构改良剂对土壤结构和土壤侵蚀的影响

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水土保持科技情报 2001年第2期19卷 14-17页

作者： R.T.Brandsma m.a.fullen T.J.Hocking 高丽 Wolverhampton大学山东农业大学资源与环境学院

在英格兰桥北区（Ｂｒｉｄｇｎｏｒｔｈ）的壤质砂土上布置试验，研究最近研制出的４个土壤结构改良剂对土壤稳定性的作用。分析“Ａｇｒｉ－Ｓｃ”对土壤溅蚀作用的试验结果表明：经过３次重复施用“Ａｇｒｉ－Ｓｃ”，过２０个月后，... 详细信息

在英格兰桥北区（Ｂｒｉｄｇｎｏｒｔｈ）的壤质砂土上布置试验，研究最近研制出的４个土壤结构改良剂对土壤稳定性的作用。分析“Ａｇｒｉ－Ｓｃ”对土壤溅蚀作用的试验结果表明：经过３次重复施用“Ａｇｒｉ－Ｓｃ”，过２０个月后，“Ａｇｒｉ－Ｓｃ”处理的土壤平均溅蚀量可降低１４．３％。用其它３种土壤结构改良剂（Ｓｏｉｌｔｅｘ、Ｈｕｍｕｓ、ＫｉｗｉＧｒｅｅｎ）做比较，发现这４种改良剂均可降低土壤密度，提高总孔隙度。然而，只有Ｓｏｉｌｔｅｘ和ＫｉｗｉＧｒｅｅｎ可使土壤结壳强度增加，施入“Ａｇｒｉ－Ｓｃ”两次后可使团聚体的稳定性提高。结果证明，加入合成的土壤结构改良剂，通过不断改善土壤性质，通常能改变土壤结构，降低土壤可蚀性，有利于土壤保持。然而，这种有利的效果不易取得，需做进一步研究，以弄清改良剂的作用机制以及和土壤间的相互作用。

关键词：土壤结构改良剂土壤保持土壤侵蚀英国

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油菜根系固土拉力的原位测定研究

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云南农业大学学报（自然科学版） 2008年第6期23卷 826-831页

作者：毛妍婷郑毅 michael Augustin fullen 李永梅 mudhu SUBEDI 云南农业大学资源与环境学院云南昆明650201 伍尔沃汉普敦大学应用科学系英国伍尔沃汉普敦WV11SB

应用锚杆拉力计和自行设计的剪切箱对不同根系密度的油菜根系固土能力在10 cm深度进行了原位测定。结果表明,当施加载荷达到3.5 kN时,生长有油菜的土壤样方1(根系密度为1.11 kg/m3)位移为38.0mm,生长有油菜的土壤样方2(根系密度为0.57 k... 详细信息

应用锚杆拉力计和自行设计的剪切箱对不同根系密度的油菜根系固土能力在10 cm深度进行了原位测定。结果表明,当施加载荷达到3.5 kN时,生长有油菜的土壤样方1(根系密度为1.11 kg/m3)位移为38.0mm,生长有油菜的土壤样方2(根系密度为0.57 kg/m3)位移为46.0 mm,而裸土样方位移为49.7 mm。土壤样方内根系密度越大,达到土壤样方与土体分离的特征点所需要施加的载荷就越大。土壤样方1的屈服拉力点为3.5 kN,抗拉极限点为4.0 kN;而土壤样方2的屈服拉力点为3.1 kN,抗拉极限点为3.5 kN。该测定方法可以在水土保持上作为评价不同作物(植物)固土能力的有效参考手段。

关键词：油菜根系密度固土能力原位测定

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