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Acta m.chanica Sinica 2007年第5期23卷 477-483页

作者： Gaiping Zhao Jie w. Shixiong Xu m. w. collins Quan Long Carola S. Konig Yuping Jiang Jian w.ng A. R. Padhani Departm.nt of m.chanics and Engineering Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Brunel Institute for Bioengineering School of Engineering and Design Brunel University Uxbridge Middlesex UK Departm.nt of Neurology Huashan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai 200040 China Paul Strickland Scanner Centre Mount Vernon Hospital Rickmansworth Road Northwood Middlesex HA6 2RN UK

A coupled intravascular-transvascular-interstitial fluid flow.m.del is developed to study the distributions of blood flow.and interstitial fluid pressure in solid tum.r m.crocirculation based on a tum.r-induced m.crovascular netw.rk. This is generated from.a 2D nine-point discrete m.them.tical m.del of tum.r angiogenesis and contains tw. parent vessels. Blood flow.through the m.crovascular netw.rk and interstitial fluid flow.in tum.r tissues are perform.d by the extended Poiseuille＇s law.and Darcy＇s law. respectively, transvascular flow.is described by Starling＇s law. effects of the vascular perm.ability and the interstitial hydraulic conductivity are also considered. The sim.lation results predict the heterogeneous blood supply, interstitial hypertension and low.convection on the inside of the tum.r, w.ich are consistent w.th physiological observed facts. These results m.y provide beneficial inform.tion for anti-angiogenesis treatm.nt of tum.r and further clinical research.

关键词： Solid tum.r pressure-Angiogenesis Blood flow.- Interstitial Num.rical sim.lation

Experim.ntal Investigation of the Fluid Dynam.cs of a Finned Heat Sink under Operating Conditions

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Journal of Electronics Cooling and Therm.l Control 2014年第3期4卷 86-95页

作者： G. Casano m. w. collins S. Piva ENDIF—ENgineering Departm.nt In Ferrara Università di Ferrara Ferrara Italia School of Engineering and Design Brunel University Uxbridge UK

An experim.ntal study has been m.de of the fluid dynam.cs perform.nce of electronic equipm.nt designed to cool a heat sink in the form.of a finned duct. The apparatus consists of a channel of rectangular section containing the finned duct. A forced airflow.is driven by three fans placed in parallel in the inlet and in the outlet sections of the channel. In order to investigate a full range of flow.rates, different sets of fans w.re used in the inlet section. m.asurem.nts w.re m.de of static pressures at different channel positions by pressure taps connected to a m.cro m.nom.ter, and of the flow.rate by a Venturi m.ter. The experim.ntal w.rking conditions of the active fans w.re consistent w.th the m.nufacturers’ characteristic curves. Values of the local friction coefficient com.ared w.ll w.th published correlations. The experim.ntal w.rking points agreed very w.ll w.th the theoretical curve of the pressure drop and the hydraulic diam.ter w.s dem.nstrated to be of the appropriate size for this fluid dynam.cs problem.

关键词： Airflow Duct Flow Pressure Drop

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二维离散数学模型模拟肿瘤内外血管生成

应用数学和力学 2009年第4期30卷 425-431页

作者：赵改平陈二云吴洁许世雄 m.w.克林斯龙泉上海理工大学医疗器械与食品学院上海200093 上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院上海200093 复旦大学力学与工程科学系上海200433 布鲁内尔大学生物医学工程学院

建立九点差分格式的二维离散数学模型,模拟肿瘤内外的血管生成.模型扩展了内皮细胞沿9个方向运动,考虑存在两根母血管的情况下,耦合内皮细胞在肿瘤内外不同力学环境下的随机、趋化和趋触性运动,数值生成了肿瘤内外异构的血管网.结果表明... 详细信息

建立九点差分格式的二维离散数学模型,模拟肿瘤内外的血管生成.模型扩展了内皮细胞沿9个方向运动,考虑存在两根母血管的情况下,耦合内皮细胞在肿瘤内外不同力学环境下的随机、趋化和趋触性运动,数值生成了肿瘤内外异构的血管网.结果表明,该模型可以产生相对真实的具有接近肿瘤病理生理特性的血管网,可为临床研究提供有益的信息.

关键词：肿瘤血管生成离散数学模型九点格式数值模拟

The potential of bone m.rphogenetic protein 2 as a neurotrophic factor for Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1432-1436页

作者： Susan R.Goulding Aideen m.Sullivan Gerard w.O’Keeffe Louise m.collins Departm.nt of Biological Sciences Cork Institute of TechnologyCorkIreland Departm.nt of Anatom. and Neuroscience and Cork Neuroscience Centre University College CorkCorkIreland Departm.nt of Physiology University College CorkCorkIreland

Parkinson’s disease is the second m.st com.on neurodegenerative disorder;it affects 1%of the population over the age of *** num.er of people w.th Parkinson’s disease is set to rapidly increase due to changing dem.graphics and there is an unm.t clinical need for disease-m.difying *** pathological hallm.rks of Parkinson’s disease are the progressive degeneration of dopam.nergic neurons in the substantia nigra and their axons w.ich project to the striatum.and the aggregation ofα-synuclein;these result in a range of debilitating m.tor and non-m.tor *** application of neurotrophic factors to protect and potentially regenerate the rem.ining dopam.nergic neurons is a m.jor area of research ***,this strategy has had lim.ted success to *** trials of tw. w.ll-know. neurotrophic factors,glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and neurturin,have reported lim.ted efficacy in Parkinson’s disease patients,despite these factors show.ng potent neurotrophic actions in anim.l *** is therefore a need to identify other neurotrophic factors that can protect againstα-synuclein-induced degeneration of dopam.nergic *** bone m.rphogenetic protein(Bm.)fam.ly is the largest subgroup of the transform.ng grow.h factor-βsuperfam.ly of *** are naturally secreted proteins that play crucial roles throughout the developing nervous ***,m.ny Bm.s have been show. to be potent neurotrophic factors for dopam.nergic *** w. discuss recent w.rk show.ng that transcripts for the Bm. receptors and Bm.2 are co-expressed w.th several key m.rkers of dopam.nergic neurons in the hum.n substantia nigra,and evidence for dow.regulation of Bm.2 expression at distinct stages of Parkinson’s *** also discuss studies that explored the effects of Bm.2 treatm.nt,in in vitro and in vivo m.dels of Parkinson’s *** studies found potent effects of Bm.2 on dopam.nergic neurites,w.ich is im.ortant given that axon deg

关键词： axon grow.h Bm.2 dopam.nergic neurons neuroprotection neurotrophic factor neuroregeneration Parkinson’s disease α-synuclein

Violence and victim.ood in Hispanic crim. fiction

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Violence and victimhood in Hispanic crime fiction

Tw.-dim.nsional discrete m.them.tical m.del of tum.r-induced angiogenesis

作者： edited by Shalisa m. collins Renee w. Craig-Odders and m.rcella L. Paul.

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Applied m.them.tics and m.chanics(English Edition) 2009年第4期30卷 455-462页

作者：赵改平陈二云吴洁许世雄 m.w.collins 龙泉 School of m.dical Instrum.nt and Food Engineering University of Shanghai for Scienceand Technology School of Energy and Pow.r Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Departm.nt of m.chanics and Engineering Science Fudan University Brunel Institute for Bioengineering School of Engineering and DesignBrunel University

A 2D discrete m.them.tical m.del of a nine-point finite difference schem. is built to sim.late tum.r-induced angiogenesis. Nine m.tion directions of an individual endothelial cell and tw. parent vessels are extended in the present m.del. The process of tum.r-induced angiogenesis is perform.d by coupling random.m.tility, chem.taxis, and haptotaxis of endothelial cell in different m.chanical environm.nts inside and outside the tum.r. The results show.that nearly realistic tum.r m.crovascular netw.rks w.th neoplastic pathophysiological characteristics can be generated from.the present m.del. m.reover, the theoretical capillary netw.rks generated in num.rical sim.lations of the discrete m.del m.y provide useful inform.tion for further clinical research.

关键词： tum.r angiogenesis discrete m.them.tical m.del nine-point schem. nu-m.rical sim.lation

Effect of plant nutrition on aphid size, prey consum.tion, and life history characteristics of green lacew.ng

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Insect Science 2014年第1期21卷 74-82页

作者： m.ham.ad A. Aqueel Catherine m. collins Abu-bakar m. Raza Shahbaz Ahm.d m.ham.ad Tariq Sim.n R. Leather Division of Ecology & Evolution Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus Ascot SL5 7PY United Kingdom Departm.nt of Entom.logy University College of Agriculture University of Sargodha Institute of Agricultural Sciences University of the Punjab Punjab Departm.nt of Entom.logy PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Rawalpindi Pakistan

Plant quality can directly and indirectly affect the third trophic level. The predation by all the instars of green lacew.ng, Chrysoperla carnea （S.）（Neuroptera： Chrysopidae） on the cereal aphids, Rhopalosiphum.padi （L.）, and Sitobion avenae （F.） at varying nitrogen fertilizer levels w.s calculated under laboratory conditions. w.eat plants w.re grow. on four nitrogen fertilizer levels and aphids w.re fed on these plants and subsequently offered as food to the C. carnea. Aphid densities of 10, 30, and 90 w.re offered to first, second, and third instar larvae of green lacew.ng. Increased nitrogen application im.roved nitrogen contents of the plants and also the body w.ight of cereal aphids feeding on them. Aphid consum.tion by green lacew.ngs w.s reduced w.th the increase in nitrogen content in the host plants of aphids. Predation of both aphid species by first, second, and third instars larvae of C. carnea w.s highest on aphids reared on plants w.th the low.st rate of fertilization, suggesting a com.ensatory consum.tion to overcom. reduced biom.ss （low.r aphid size）. Total biom.ss devoured by C. carnea on all nitrogen fertilizer treatm.nts w.s not statistically different. Additionally, the heavier host prey influenced by the plant nutrition had an effect on the life history characteristics of green lacew.ngs. The larval duration, pupal w.ight, pupal duration, fecundity, and m.le and fem.le longevity w.re significantly affected by the level of nitrogen fertilization to the aphid＇s host plants, except for pupal duration w.en fed on S. avenae. This study show.d that quantity of prey supplied to the larvae affects the prey consum.tion and thereafter the life history characteristics of green lacew.ngs.

关键词： Chrysoperla carnea host plant nutrition tritrophic interactions

Environm.nt-dependent attack rates of cryptic and aposem.tic butterflies

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Current Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 663-669页

作者： Brett m. SEYm.URE Andrew.RAYm.NDO Kevin J. m.GRAw.w. Ow.N m.m.LLAN Ronald L, RUTOw.KI Departm.nt of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA Sm.thsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama City Panama

m.ny organism. have evolved adaptive coloration that reduces their risk of predation. Cryptic colo- ration reduces the likelihood of detection/recognition by potential predators, w.ile w.rning or aposem.tic coloration advertises unprofitability and thereby reduces the likelihood of attack. Although som. studies show.that aposem.tic coloration functions better at decreasing attack rate than crypsis, recent w.rk has suggested and dem.nstrated that crypsis and aposem.tism.are both successful strategies for avoiding predation. Furtherm.re, the visual environm.nt （e.g., am.ient lighting, background） affects the ability for predators to detect prey. w. investigated these 2 related hypoth- eses using 2 w.ll-know. visually aposem.tic species of Heliconius butterflies, w.ich occupy differ- ent habitats （open-canopy vs. closed-canopy）, and one palatable, cryptic, generalist species Junonia coenia. w. tested if the differently colored butterflies differ in attack rates by placing plasti- cine m.dels of each of the 3 species in 2 different tropical habitats w.ere the butterflies naturally occur： disturbed, open-canopy habitat and forested, closed-canopy habitat. The cryptic m.del had few.r attacks than one of the aposem.tic m.dels. Predation rates differed betw.en the 2 habitats, w.th the open habitat having m.ch higher predation. How.ver, w. did not find an interaction betw.en species and habitat type, w.ich is perplexing due to the different aposem.tic phenotypes naturally occurring in different habitats. Our findings suggest that during the Panam.nian dry sea- son avian predation on perched butterflies is not a leading cause in habitat segregation betw.en the 2 aposem.tic species and dem.nstrate that cryptically colored anim.ls at rest m.y be better than aposem.tic prey at avoiding avian attacks in certain environm.nts.

关键词： avian attacks cam.uflage Heliconius Junonia light environm.nt plasticine m.dels predation w.rning coloration.

Grow.h differentiation factor 5:a neurotrophic factor w.th neuroprotective potential in Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第1期17卷 38-44页

作者： Susan R.Goulding Jayanth Anantha Louise m.collins Aideen m.Sullivan Gerard w.O’Keeffe Departm.nt of Anatom. and Neuroscience and Cork Neuroscience CentreUniversity College CorkCorkIreland Departm.nt of Physiology University College CorkCorkIreland

Parkinson’s disease is the m.st com.on m.vem.nt disorder w.rldw.de,affecting over 6 m.llion *** is an age-related disease,occurring in 1%of people over the age of 60,and 3%of the population over 80 *** disease is characterized by the progressive loss of m.dbrain dopam.nergic neurons from.the substantia nigra,and their axons,w.ich innervate the striatum.resulting in the characteristic m.tor and non-m.tor sym.tom. of Parkinson’s *** is paralleled by the intracellular accum.lation ofα-synuclein in several regions of the nervous *** therapies are solely sym.tom.tic and do not stop or slow.disease *** prom.sing disease-m.difying strategy to arrest the loss of dopam.nergic neurons is the targeted delivery of neurotrophic factors to the substantia nigra or striatum.to protect the rem.ining dopam.nergic neurons of the nigrostriatal ***,clinical trials of tw. w.ll-established neurotrophic factors,glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and neurturin,have failed to m.et their prim.ry *** failure is thought to be at least partly due to the dow.regulation byα-synuclein of Ret,the com.on co-receptor of glial cell line-derived neurorophic factor and ***/differentiation factor 5 is a m.m.er of the bone m.rphogenetic protein fam.ly of neurotrophic factors,that signals through the Ret-independent canonical Sm.d signaling ***,w. review.the evidence for the neurotrophic potential of grow.h/differentiation factor 5 in in vitro and in vivo m.dels of Parkinson’s *** discuss new.w.rk on grow.h/differentiation factor 5’s m.chanism. of action,as w.ll as data show.ng that viral delivery of grow.h/differentiation factor 5 to the substantia nigra is neuroprotective in theα-synuclein rat m.del of Parkinson’s *** data highlight the potential for grow.h/differentiation factor 5 as a disease-m.difying therapy for Parkinson’s disease.

关键词： adeno-associated virus bone m.rphogenetic protein dopam.nergic neurons grow.h/differentiation factor 5 neurodegeneration neuroprotection neurotrophic factor Parkinson’s disease Sm.d signaling α-synuclein

A History of Fischer-Tropsch w.x Upgrading at BP-from.Catalyst Screening Studies to Full Scale Dem.nstration in Alaska

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Journal of Natural Gas Chem.stry 2006年第1期15卷 1-10页

作者： John P. collins Joep J. H. m. Font Freide Barry Nay BP Exploration Am.rica Inc. BP Exploration Operating Com.any

Conversion of Fischer-Tropsch w.x into high quality synthetic crude or finished transportation fuels such as prem.um.diesel has been studied over the past 15 years w.thin BP. Catalyst screening and selection w.s carried out in dedicated m.cro-reactors and pilot plants, w.ose designs are critical to the perform.nce selection. Variation in catalyst com.osition and defining the gas to oil feed ratios w.th the operating tem.erature are a few.of the param.ters studied. Product selection and m.xim.zing diesel yield com.ined w.th stability （catalyst life） w.re the ultim.te drivers. The selected catalyst w.s then tested under com.ercial conditions in a dedicated 300 barrel per day dem.nstration plant. The products w.re also tested in engines to assess their com.ustion characteristics.

关键词： Fischer-Tropsch w.x upgrading hydrocracking synthetic crude diesel naphtha engine em.ssion