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Old-growth m.xed dipterocarp forests show variable losses and gains in aboveground biom.ss and standing carbon over forty years

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Forest Ecosystem. 2024年第1期11卷 14-23页

作者： Sisira Ediriweera Cham.ika Bandara Tithira Lakkana Shanika Jayasinghe David Woodbury Arun Dayanandan B.m.P.Singhakum.ra Xiangcheng m. I.A.U.n.Gunatilleke C.V.S.Gunatilleke m.rk SAshton Departm.nt of Science and Technology Uva Wellassa UniversityBadullaSri Lanka The Forest School Yale School of the EnvironmentYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA Departm.nt of Forestry and Environm.ntal Science University of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environm.ntal Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China Botany Departm.nt University of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka

Background:no studies have docum.nted long-term.trends in aboveground biom.ss(AGB)for m.xed-dipterocarp forests(m.F),the dom.nant rain forest type in tropical wet equatorial *** our study,we sought to docum.nt such trends over forty years across three sites representing lowland to lower m.ntane ***:To do this,we established fifty 100 m.25 m.plots in 1978 across three sites sam.led along an elevation gradient,identified as m.ture old-growth *** m.asured trees for diam.ter at breast height that we identified to species and *** took wood sam.les to calculate species wood-specific *** re-m.asured plots in 1998 and again in ***:We show standing AGB for all sites com.ined to be 517.52 m.·ha^(-1)in 1978,but this declined by 17%over 40 years to 430.11 m.·ha^(-1).no differences exist am.ng sites in AGB prim.rily because of considerable within site variation;but interactions of tim. with site show declines across sites were not uniform.one rem.ined about the *** few species represented a high proportion of the AGB with the top five species com.rising between 34%and 65%,depending upon site and year *** species,m.sua nagassarium.represented a disproportionately large am.unt of AGB and decline over tim.,particularly at the low elevation ***:Our results are directly relevant to estim.ting AGB and standing carbon sequestered in *** study is the first to dem.nstrate varying but overall,declining trends in am.unts of AGB am.ng forests m.king predictions of biom.ss and standing carbon in m.F difficult over wide regions.

关键词： Western ghats Shorea spp. Southeast Asia Sri Lanka Tropical rain forest Wood specific gravity

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Efficacy of 1% Perm.thrin and 2% Perm.thrin Com.ined with 1% Piperonyl Butoxide against Rhipicephalus sanguineus Ticks in naturally Infested Dogs

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Pharm.cology & Pharm.cy 2024年第7期15卷 237-247页

作者： Andrea m.rquez-Aguado Froylán Ibarra-Velarde Joaquín Am.ia-m.dina Rosa Arias-García Departam.nto de Parasitologa Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico Mexico City Mxico Laboratorios Salud Anim.l S.A de C.V. Mexico City Mxico

The aim.of the present study was to com.are the ixodicide efficacy of 1% perm.thrin applied as a sham.oo-bath in single treatm.nt and a com.ined form.lation of 2% perm.thrin + 1% piperonyl butoxide applied as powder in a single treatm.nt against Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks, in naturally infested dogs. Eighteen adult cross-m.xed dogs, harboring to at least 20 ticks/anim.l, were selected on pre-treatm.nt live tick counts. On day 0, the dogs were then divided in 3 groups of 6 anim.ls each, for treatm.nt: Group 1 (G1) received 1% perm.thrin applied as sham.oo-bath (approxim.tely 10 m./kg bw), according to label instructions. G2 was treated with 2% perm.thrin + 1% piperonyl butoxide applied as powder, and rubbed as m.ssage on the body, as recom.ended by the producer. G3 served as a non-treated control. After the treatm.nt, the dogs were checked out for live ticks counting on days 0, 1, 7, and 14. The ixodicide efficacy was assessed based on the percentage reductions of ticks on the days analyzed post-treatm.nt, with respect to the untreated control. Results showed that perm.thrin alone rem.ved ticks on 81%, 93.1% and 89.6% for days 1, 7 and 14, respectively. The com.ined form.lation of 2% perm.thrin + 1% piperonyl butoxide exerted a better efficacy of 98.8, 97.7 and 97.0%, respectively. It is concluded that this com.ined form.lation was highly effective at rapidly repelling and killing Riphicephalus sanguineus ticks on naturally infected dogs, showing a significant effect on days 1, 7 and 14 after tick exposure. The sustained high and quick level of efficacy of this com.ination m.y well interfere with the transm.ssion of Riphicephalus sanguineus ticks. It is concluded that the sustained high level of efficacy of the perm.thrin + piperonyl butoxide com.ination m.y well exert an additive effect and could interfere with the transm.ssion of Riphicephalus sanguineus ticks.

关键词： Efficacy Perm.thrin Perm.thrin + Piperonyl Butoxide Riphicephalus sanguineus Dogs

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Biochem.cal Liver Functions and m.lecular Identification of Fasciola hepatica from.Experim.ntally Infected Rat m.del

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Open Journal of Anim.l Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 88-100页

作者： Om.ia m. Kandil Em.d B. Ata m.rgarita P. Gabrashanska Hatem.A. Shalaby Tam.r H. Abd El-Aziz noha m. F. Hassan Soad m. nasr m.ham.d A. Helal Ebtesam.m. Al-Olayan Departm.nt of Parasitology & Anim.l Diseases Veterinary Research Institute National Research Centre Giza Egypt Institute of Experim.ntal m.rphology Pathology and Anthropology with Museum Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria Departm.nt of Zoology Collage of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

The current study was perform.d to evaluate the liver function status as well as m.lecular characterization of the recovered worm. in rats experim.ntally infected with F. hepatica. Sixteen m.le Wister rats aged 30 days were random.y allocated into two groups (n = 8). The first group was infected orally with 15 viable encysted m.tacercaria of F. hepatica per anim.l. The other group was kept non-infected (control group). At zero tim. (before infection), the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th and 14th weeks post-infection (WPI), blood and serum.sam.les were collected via puncture of retro-orbital plexus of veins from.each rat. Serum.enzym. level (AST and ALT) and total protein were m.asured, and the serum.protein profile was carried out using agarose gel electrophoresis. During the period of the experim.nt, serum.ALT and AST activities and serum.total globulins significantly increased while serum.total proteins and album.n m.rkedly decreased in the infected group. On the 14th WPI, the data of the electropherogram.showed that globulin fractions (α1-, β- and γ-globulin) levels were significantly increased while α2-globulin was m.rkedly decreased in the infected group. The m.lecular analysis confirm.d the am.lification of the ITS1, ITS2 and nDI genes of F. hepatica recovered from.the infected liver of rats with am.licon sizes of 630, 510 and 560 bp, respectively. Sequencing of the am.lified ITS gene resulted in the determ.nation of 3 strains (PP108836, PP108837, and PP108838). Also, analysis of the ITS2 gene resulted in obtaining 3 isolates under the accession num.ers (PP109065, PP109066, and PP109067). In conclusion, fasciolosis in the rat m.del is suitable for routine experim.ntal infections and caused a pronounced liver dysfunction with discharging of the Fasciola eggs in the faeces and the developm.nt of adult stages in the bile ducts. Furtherm.re, m.lecular techniques are a sensitive

关键词： Fasciola hepatica Liver Functions Serum.Enzym.s Serum.Protein Electrophoresis m.lecular Characterization

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CD8+T cell m.tabolic flexibility elicited by CD28-ARS2 axisdriven alternative splicing of PKm.supports antitum.r im.unity

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Cellular & m.lecular Im.unology 2024年第3期21卷 260-274页

作者： G.Aaron Holling Colin A.Chavel Anand P.Sharda m.ckenzie m.Lieberm.n Caitlin m.Jam.s Shivana m.Lightm.n Jason H.Tong Guanxi Qiao Tiffany R.Em.ons Thejaswini Giridharan Shengqi Hou Andrew m.Intlekofer Richard m.Higashi Teresa W.m.Fan Andrew n.Lane Kevin H.Eng Brahm H.Segal Elizabeth A.Repasky Kelvin P.Lee Scott H.Olejniczak Departm.nt of Im.unology Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Departm.nt of m.dicine Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Hum.n Oncology and Pathogenesis Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065USA Center for Environm.ntal System. Biochem.stry Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer CenterLexingtonKY 40536USA Departm.nt of Cancer Genetics and Genom.cs Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Present address:University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO 80309USA Present address:Dana Farber Cancer Institute BostonMA 02215USA Present address:m.ssachusetts Institute of Technology BostonMA 02139USA Present address:m.lvin and Bren Sim.n Com.rehensive Cancer Center Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA

m.tabolic flexibility has em.rged as a critical determ.nant of CD8+T-cell antitum.r activity,yet the m.chanism. driving the m.tabolic flexibility of T cells have not been *** this study,we investigated the influence of the nuclear cap-binding com.lex(CBC)adaptor protein ARS2 on m.ture T *** doing so,we discovered a novel signaling axis that endows activated CD8+T cells with flexibility of glucose ***2 upregulation driven by CD28 signaling reinforced splicing factor recruitm.nt to pre-m.nAs and affected approxim.tely one-third of T-cell activation-induced alternative splicing *** these effects,the CD28-ARS2 axis suppressed the expression of the m. isoform.of pyruvate kinase in favor of PKm.,a key determ.nant of CD8+T-cell glucose utilization,interferon gam.a production,and antitum.r effector ***,PKm.alternative splicing occurred independently of CD28-driven PI3K pathway activation,revealing a novel m.ans by which costim.lation reprogram. glucose m.tabolism.in CD8+T cells.

关键词： Im.unom.tabolism m.nA splicing CD8 T cells ARS2 PKm.

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Further Studies of the Cap Pushing Response in Honey Bees (Apis m.llifera)

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natural Science 2024年第5期16卷 45-64页

作者： Riley J. Wincheski Kiri Li n. Stauch Laura m. Grossner m.ya B. Zepeda Jam.s W. Grice Charles I. Abram.on Departm.nt of Psychology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Laboratory of Com.arative Psychology and Behavioral Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Departm.nt of Earth and Environm.ntal Sciences California State University Fresno USA

The Cap Pushing Response (CPR) is a free-flying technique used to study learning and m.m.ry in honey bees (Apis m.llifera). The series of experim.nts outlined in this paper aim.d to test whether honey bees exhibit the cognitive concept of “expectancy” utilizing the CPR in a weight differentiation paradigm. Five previous experim.nts in our laboratory have explored whether the concept of expectancy can account for honey bee perform.nce and have all failed to support the cognitive interpretation. The first experim.nt exam.ned if bees could differentiate between the two caps in the am.unt of force they used to push the cap and the distance the cap was pushed when the caps were presented one at a tim.. The second experim.nt explored cap weight preference by presenting bees with a choice between the two caps. The third and fourth experim.nts tested the bee’s ability to expect reward or punishm.nt based on cap weight. Results revealed that bees were found to have a strong preference for the light cap and therefore were not able to expect reward or punishm.nt based on cap weight. These experim.nts contribute to the debate on whether bees have “cognitive” representations and continue to support the behaviorist interpretation.

关键词： Apis m.llifera Cap Pushing Response Cognition Learning

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Effects of site preparation m.thods on soil physical properties and outplanting success of coniferous seedlings in boreal forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第2期35卷 70-80页

作者： Aleksey S.Ilintsev Elena n.nakvasina Alexander P.Bogdanov northern Research Institute of Forestry 13 Nikitova Str.Arkhangelsk 163062Russian Federation Departm.nt of Silviculture and Forest m.nagem.nt Northern(Arctic)Federal University Named After M.V.LomonosovSevernoy Dviny Emb.17Arkhangelsk 163002Russian Federation

This study assessed the effect of patch scarification and m.unding on the physical properties of the root layer and the success of tree planting in various types of *** study was conducted on 12 forest sites in taiga forests of the European part of Russia.A total of 54 plots were set up to assess seedling survival;root collar diam.ter,height,and heigh increm.nt were m.asured for 240 seedlings to assess *** the rooting layer,240 soil sam.les were taken to determ.ne physical *** study showed that soil treatm.nt m.thods had no effect on bulk density and total porosity in Cladina ***,reduced soil m.isture was noted,particularly in m.unds,resulting in increased *** m.rtillus sites,there were increased bulk density,reduced soil m.isture,and total porosity in the *** treatm.nt in Polytrichum.sites resulted in reduced soil m.isture and increased aeration *** the m.rtillus and Polytrichum.sites,patch scarification had no effects on physical *** Polytrichum.sites,survival rates,heights,and heigh increm.nts of bareroot norway spruce seedlings in m.unds were higher than in patches;however,the sam. did not apply to *** Cladina and m.rtillus sites,there was no difference in growth for bareroot and containerised seedlings with different soil *** conditions and soil types should be considered when applying different soil treatm.nt m.thods to ensure high survival rates and successful seedling growth.

关键词： Boreal forests m.chanical site preparation Patch scarification m.unding Soil properties Containerised seedlings Bareroot seedlings

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Cognitive function am.ng m.litary veterans with STEm.occupations

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m.litary m.dical Research 2024年第2期11卷 308-310页

作者： Justin T.m.Daniel Kevin n.Hascup Erin R.Hascup Ugochukwu G.Ezigbo Am.nda m.Weidhuner Harvey Henson David L.Albright Dale and Deborah Sm.th Center for Alzheim.r's Research and trEatm.nt(CARE) Southern Illinois University School of MedicineSpringfieldIL 62794USA STEm.Education Research Center Southern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleIL 62901USA Departm.nt of Political Science The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA

Dear Editor,There is lim.ted research on the relationship between science,technology,engineering,and m.them.tics(STEm.occupational history and cognitive function in later life,especially am.ng m.litary veterans,who m.y be at greater risk for later-life cognitive *** study exam.nes a nationally representative sam.le of m.litary veterans to address this gap in knowledge.

关键词： Alzheim.r's disease Veterans Science technology engineering and m.them.tics(STEm. Anim.l fluency test Dem.ntia

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Effects of m.ltiple shapes for steady flow with transform.r oil+Fe_(3)O_(4)+TiO_(2) between two stretchable rotating disks

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Applied m.them.tics and m.chanics(English Edition) 2024年第2期45卷 373-388页

作者： m.rahm.n m.TURKYILm.ZOGLU Z.m.SHTAQ Departm.nt of m.them.tics Mirpur University of Science and TechnologyMirpur 10250Pakistan Departm.nt of m.them.tics Hacettepe UniversityBeytepeAnkara 06532Turkiye

In this study,we exam.ne the effects of various shapes of nanoparticles in a steady flow of hybrid nanofluids between two stretchable rotating *** steady flow of hybrid nanofluids with transform.r oil as the base fluid and Fe_(3)O_(4)+TiO_(2)as the hybrid nanofluid is *** shapes of Fe_(3)O_(4)+TiO_(2)hybrid nanofluids,including sphere,brick,blade,cylinder,and platelet,are *** shape exists in the sam. volum. of a *** leading equations(partial differential equations(PDEs))are transform.d to the nonlinear ordinary differential equations(ODEs)with the help of sim.larity *** system.of equations takes the form.of ODEs depending on the boundary conditions,whose solutions are com.uted num.rically by the bvp4c m.TLAB *** outputs are com.ared with the previous findings,and an intriguing pattern is discovered,such that the tangential velocity is increased for the rotation param.ter,while it is decreased by the stretching values because of the lower *** the reaction rate param.ter,the concentration boundary layer becom.s shorter,and the activation energy com.onent increases the rate at which m.ss transfers com. to the higher disk but have the opposite effect on the bottom.*** ranges of various param.ters taken into account are Pr=6.2,Re=2,m.1.0,φ_(1)=φ_(2)=0.03,K=0.5,S=-0.1,Br=0.3,Sc=2.0,α_(1)=0.2,γ=0.1,E_(n)=2.0,and q=1.0,and the rotation factor K is within the range of 0 to 1.

关键词： transform.r oil Brinkm.n num.er skin friction coefficient double rotating disk nusselt num.er Sherwood num.er

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Antibacterial HA-coatings on bioresorbable m. alloy

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Journal of m.gnesium.and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1965-1985页

作者： K.V.nadaraia D.V.m.shtalyar m.A.Piatkova A.I.Pleshkova I.m.Im.hinetskiy m.S.Gerasim.nko E.A.Belov V.V.Kum.iko D.n.Kozyrev K.A.Fom.nko V.V.m.stovaya B.R.Torpanov A.R.Biktim.rov I.S.Osm.shko S.L.Sinebryukhov S.V.Gnedenkov Institute of Chem.stry FEB RAS 159 Pr.100-letiya VladivostokaVladivostok 690022Russia Far Eastern Federal University 10 Ajax BayRussky IslandVladivostok 690922Russia A.V.Zhirm.nsky national Scientific Center of m.rine Biology FEB RAS 17 St.PalchevskogoVladivostok 690041Russia Regional Clinical Derm.tovenerological Dispensary 18 V St.GamarnikaVladivostok 690033Russia nm.C“Treatm.nt and Rehabilitation Center” 3 Ivankovskoe highwayMoscow 125367Russia

In this study,a calcium.phosphate coating was form.d on a m.-m.-Ce alloy by the plasm. electrolytic oxidation(PEO).The antibiotic vancom.cin,widely used in the treatm.nt of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus(***),was im.regnated into the *** with vancom.cin showed high bactericidal activity against *** m.chanical and electrochem.cal properties of the form.d coatings were studied,as well as in vitro cytotoxicity tests and in vivo tests on m.ture m.le rats were *** to SEm.EDS,XRD and XPS data,coatings had a developed m.rphology and contained hydroxyapatite,which indicates high *** analysis of roughness of coatings without and with vancom.cin did not reveal any differences,confirm.ng the high roughness of the *** electrochem.cal tests,an increase in corrosion resistance by m.re than two tim.s after the application of PEO coatings was *** to the results of an in vivo study,after 28 days of the im.lantation of sam.les with calcium.phosphate PEO coating and vancom.cin,no signs of inflam.ation were observed,while an inflam.atory reaction developed in the area of im.lantation of bare alloy,followed by *** release tests from.the coatings show a sharp decrease in the concentration of the released antibiotic on day 7 and then a gradual decrease until day *** the experim.nt,no significant deviations in the condition and behavior of the anim.ls were observed;clinical tests did not reveal a system.c toxic reaction.

关键词： Bioactive coatings Biocom.atibility m. alloy Plasm. electrolytic oxidation Hydroxyapatite Vancom.cin

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Investigating Stability Properties for Transition m.tal Carbonate Precursors Using Universal Cluster Expansion Technique(UnCLE)as Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries

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材料科学与工程（中英文A版） 2024年第1期14卷 26-33页

作者： m.gahabo Tebogo m.rukuladi n.L.Lethole m.C.m.sedi n.n.ngoepe P.E.ngoepe m.terials m.delling Centre University of LimpopoPrivate Bag x1106Sovenga 0727South Africa Departm.nt of Physics University of Fort HareAlice 5700South Africa

The universal cluster expansion technique was used in this study to determ.ne the binary phase diagram. for the transition m.tal carbonate precursors m.O3(m.m.,ni,Co).The use of m.xed cathode m.terials in lithium.ion batteries such as nm.(ni,m. and Co)form.lations,is a strategic approach to optim.ze perform.nce,enhance safety and address cost and environm.ntal considerations in the rapidly evolving field of energy *** study focuses on the cost issue related to lithium.ion batteries by investigating the m.nganese rich nm. since m.nganese is m.re abundant and *** doped m.CO3 with nickel and doped m.CO3 with cobalt then ran cluster expansion calculations to generate binary *** binary phase diagram. generated indicated that doping m.CO3 with nickel favours the m.-rich side,while doping m.CO3 with cobalt favours 50%m.-rich and 50%*** further extracted the m.st stable structures from.both binary diagram. and determ.ned their electronic,m.chanical and vibrational stabilities using DFT(density functional theory)calculations within the LDA(local gradient approxim.tion)with Hubbard param.ter(U).The electronic properties revealed that both m.terials are sem.conductors due to their narrow energy band gap obtained while the m.chanical properties showed that structures are m.chanically stable since their necessary conditions for trigonal and triclinic system. were satisfied.

关键词： Binary phase diagram. m.chanical properties electronic conductivity phonon dispersion curves.

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