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m.llim.tric devices for nerve stim.lation:a prom.sing path towards m.niaturization

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1702-1706页

作者： ryan m.Dorrian Anna V.Leonard Antonio Lauto Spinal Cord Injury Research Group School of BiomedicineThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia School of Science Western Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia

Nerve stim.lation is a rapidly developing field,dem.nstrating positive outcom.s across several *** potential benefits,current nerve stim.lation devices are large,com.licated,and are powered via im.lanted pulse *** facto rs necessitate invasive surgical im.lantation and lim.t potential *** nerve stim.lation devices to m.llim.tric sizes would m.ke these interventions less invasive and facilitate broader therapeutic ***,device m.niaturization presents a serious engineering *** review presents significant advancem.nts from.several groups that have overcom. this challenge and developed m.llim.tricsized nerve stim.lation *** are based on antennas,m.ni-coils,m.gneto-electric and optoelectronic m.terials,or receive ultrasound *** highlight key design elem.nts,findings from.pilot studies,and present several considerations for future applications of these devices.

关键词： biom.dical engineering deep brain stim.lation electrical engineering electrical stim.lation neurom.dulation peripheral nerve stim.lation

The Im.act of a Prior Norwood Procedure on Cardiac Transplantation in Failed Fontan Physiology

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第3期19卷 257-266页

作者： ryan G.m.Queen Nikki m.Singh Ronald K.Woods m.dical College of Wisconsin Herma Heart Institute at Children’s WisconsinMilwaukeeUSA Division of Pediatric Cardiology Medical College of WisconsinHerma Heart Institute at Children’s WisconsinMilwaukeeUSA Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery Medical College of WisconsinHerma Heart Institute at Children’s WisconsinMilwaukeeUSA

Objective:The objective of this study was to com.are cardiac transplant operative and postoperative courses of patients with failed Fontan physiology who were initially palliated with a Norwood(FFN)to those without a prior Norwood(FF).m.thods:A single-institution retrospective review of all patients with Fontan failure who under-went cardiac transplantation from.2003–2021 was com.leted-22 underwent prior Norwood(FFN)and 11 did not(FF).Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated for operative course and patient ***:The operative course of the FFN cohort appeared to be m.re com.lex(not statistically significant,but clinically relevant)-this group exclusively experienced sternal re-entry events(3 of 22 patients)and concom.tant neo-aor-tic reconstruction(6 patients),had a longer duration of surgery(m.dian of 682 m.n vs.575.5 m.n),m.re tim. on circulatory arrest(m.dian of 25.5 m.n vs.12.5 m.n),and m.re frequent use of open sternal m.nagem.nt[50%of patients(11/22)vs.27.3%of patients(3/11)].Postoperatively,these patients underwent m.re m.diastinal explora-tions[other than sternal closure;40.9%of patients(9/22)vs.18.2%of patients(2/11)],spent m.re tim. on m.chanical ventilation(m.dian of 5 days vs.2 days),had a longer length of stay(m.dian of 30 days vs.19 days),and required m.re catheter-based re-interventions[22.7%of patients(5/22)vs.9.1%of patients(1/11)].Conclu-sion:Although underpowered,our results suggest that the operative course of FFN patients is m.re challenging,based m.stly on neo-aortic arch *** turn,this likely leads to a m.re com.lex postoperative *** are currently collaborating with other institutions to increase the cohort size and power of the study.

关键词： Fontan Fontan failure Norwood cardiac transplantation

Carbon dioxide enrichm.nt affected flower num.ers transiently and increased successful post-pollination developm.nt stably but without altering final acorn production in m.ture pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： ryan m.Clory Richard H.Ellis m.rtin Lukac Jo Clark Carolina m.yoral Kris m.Hart Andrew R.G.Plackett A.Rob m.cKenzie School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK Birm.ngham.Institute of Forest Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as m.sting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in com.ercial tree planting each *** em.ssions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced *** exam.ne if acorn production in m.ture woodland com.unities will be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from.a Free Air Carbon Enrichm.nt(FACE)experim.nt in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for num.ers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)at different stages of developm.nt and their predation levels under am.ient and elevated CO_(2) ***-annual variation in acorn num.ers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest num.ers of m.ture acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but alm.st none in *** num.ers of flowers,enlarged cups,im.ature acorns,em.ty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied am.ngst years;com.aratively high num.ers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit m.turation m.sting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn developm.nt affects m.ture acorn num.ers greatly).Raising the atm.spheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μL L^(−1),from.early 2017,increased the num.ers of im.ature acorns,and all acorn evidence(em.ty cups+im.ature acorns+m.ture acorns)detected in the litter traps com.ared to am.ient controls by 2021,but did not consistently affect the num.ers of flowers,enlarged cups,em.ty cups,or m.ture *** num.er of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichm.nt began,whereas num.ers declined in am.ient *** with CO_(2) also increased the num.er o

关键词： Quercus robur L. Acorns m.sting Pedunculate oak Carbon dioxide

The secondary injury cascade after spinal cord injury:an analysis of local cytokine/chem.kine regulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1308-1317页

作者： Daniel J.Hellenbrand Charles m.Quinn Zachariah J.Piper ryan T.Elder Raveena R.m.shra Taylor L.m.rti Phoebe m.Om.ro Rylie m.Roddick Jae Sung Lee William.L.m.rphy Am.ad S.Hanna Departm.nt of Neurosurgery University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWIUSA Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Departm.nt of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Forward BIO Institute University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

After spinal cord injury,there is an extensive infiltration of im.une cells,which exacerbates the injury and leads to further neural ***,a m.jor aim.of current research involves targeting the im.une response as a treatm.nt for spinal cord *** m.ch research has been perform.d analyzing the com.lex inflam.atory process following spinal cord injury,there rem.in m.jor discrepancies within previous literature regarding the tim.line of local cytokine *** objectives of this study were to establish an overview of the tim.line of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord injury,identify sexual dim.rphism. in term. of cytokine levels,and determ.ne local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord *** were inflicted with either a m.ld contusion,m.derate contusion,severe contusion,or com.lete transection,7 m. of spinal cord centered on the injury was harvested at varying tim.s post-injury,and tissue hom.genates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chem.kine 27-Plex *** dem.nstrated pro-inflam.atory cytokines including tum.r necrosis factorα,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord injury,but returned to uninjured levels within approxim.tely 24 hours post-injury,while chem.kines including m.nocyte chem.attractant protein-1 rem.ined upregulated for days *** contrast,several anti-inflam.atory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days *** spinal cord injury,tissue inhibitor of m.talloproteinase-1,which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar developm.nt,increased m.re than all other cytokines tested,reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninjured *** a m.ld injury,11 cytokines dem.nstrated sexual dim.rphism.;however,after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between fem.le and m.le *** conclusion,pro-inflam.atory cytokines in

关键词： astrocytes chem.kines cytokines inflam.ation m.crophages m.croglia secondary dam.ge spinal cord injury

Sm.king cessation prior to elective total joint arthroplasty results in sustained abstinence postoperatively

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第7期15卷 627-634页

作者： Billy Insup Kim.Jeffrey O'Donnell Colleen m.Wixted Thorsten m.rkus Seyler William.A Jiranek m.chael Paul Bolognesi Sean Patrick ryan Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNY 10021United States Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery New York UniversityNew YorkNY 10003United States Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery Duke University HospitalDurhamNC 27560United States

BACKGROUND Tobacco use is a well-docum.nted m.difiable risk factor for perioperative *** To determ.ne the tobacco abstinence rates of patients who m.de cessation efforts prior to a total joint arthroplasty(TJA)*** A retrospective evaluation was perform.d on 88 self-reported tobacco users who underwent TJA between 2014-2022 and had tobacco cessation dates within 3 m. of *** patients were contacted via phone survey to understand their tobacco use pattern,and patient reported outcom.s.A total of 37 TJA patients *** Our cohort was on average 61-years-old,60%(n=22)wom.n,with an average body m.ss index of 30 kg/m.(2).The average follow-up tim. was 2.9±1.9 years.A total of 73.0%(n=27)of patients endorsed com.lete abstinence from.tobacco use prior to *** cessation m.thods were used perioperatively including prescription therapy(13.5%),over the counter nicotine replacem.nt(18.9%),cessation program.(5.4%).At final follow up,43.2%(n=16)of prior tobacco sm.kers reported com.lete *** who were able to m.intain cessation postoperatively had im.roved Patient-Reported Outcom.s m.asurem.nt Inform.tion System.PROm.S)-10 m.ntal health scores(49 vs 58;P=0.01),and hip dysfunction and osteoarthritis outcom. score for joint replacem.nt(***)scores(63 vs 82;P=0.02).No patients in this cohort had a prosthetic joint infection or required revision *** We report a tobacco cessation rate of 43.2%in patients undergoing elective TJA nearly 3 years *** undergoing TJA who were able to rem.in abstinent had im.roved PROm.S-10 m.ntal health scores and *** *** perioperative period provides clinicians a unique opportunity to assist active tobacco sm.kers with cessation efforts and im.rove postoperative outcom.s.

关键词： Sm.king cessation Total joint arthroplasty Outcom.s Tobacco use Postoperative abstinence

Decision-m.king and m.nagem.nt of Self-Care in Persons with Traum.tic Spinal Cord Injuries: A Prelim.nary Study

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2024年第2期14卷 47-63页

作者： Paul E. Plonski Jasm.n Vassileva ryan Shahidi Paul B. Perrin William.Carter Lance L. Goetz Am.er Brochetti Jam.s m. Bjork Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Richm.nd Veterans Affairs m.dical Center Richmond VA USA Departm.nt of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Departm.nt of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Departm.nt of Physical m.dicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Departm.nt of Spinal Cord Injury Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center Cleveland OH USA Departm.nt of Pharm.cology and Toxicology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA

Patients and physicians understand the im.ortance of self-care following spinal cord injury (SCI), yet m.ny individuals with SCI do not adhere to recom.ended self-care activities despite logistical supports. Neurobehavioral determ.nants of SCI self-care behavior, such as im.ulsivity, are not widely studied, yet understanding them.could inform.efforts to im.rove SCI self-care. We explored associations between im.ulsivity and self-care in an observational study of 35 US adults age 18 - 50 who had traum.tic SCI with paraplegia at least six m.nths before assessm.nt. The prim.ry outcom. m.asure was self-reported self-care. In LASSO regression m.dels that included all neurobehavioral m.asures and dem.graphics as predictors of self-care, dispositional m.asures of greater im.ulsivity (negative urgency, lack of prem.ditation, lack of perseverance), and reduced m.ndfulness were associated with reduced self-care. Outcom. (m.gnitude) sensitivity, a latent decision-m.king param.ter derived from.com.utationally m.deling successive choices in a gam.ling task, was also associated with self-care behavior. These results are prelim.nary;m.re research is needed to dem.nstrate the utility of these findings in clinical settings. Inform.tion about associations between im.ulsivity and poor self-care in people with SCI could guide the developm.nt of interventions to im.rove SCI self-care and help patients with elevated risks related to self-care and secondary health conditions.

关键词： Spinal Cord Injury Self-Care Decision-m.king Paraplegia Im.ulsive Behavior Health Care

Characterizing objective and self-report habitual physical activity and sedentary tim. in outpatients with an acquired brain injury

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Sports m.dicine and Health Science 2024年第4期6卷 338-343页

作者： Liam.P.Pellerine Katerina m.ller ryan J.Frayne m.les W.O'Brien Division of Kinesiology School of Health and Human PerformanceFaculty of HealthDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada Acquired Brain Injury NeuroCom.ons Nova Scotia Health AuthorityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada School of Physiotherapy(Faculty of Health)&Departm.nt of m.dicine(Faculty of m.dicine) Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada Geriatric m.dicine Research Dalhousie University&Nova Scotia HealthHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada Centre de Form.tion m.edicale Du Nouveau-Brunswick New Brunswick&Department of MedicineUniversite de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecCanada

Outpatients with an acquired brain injury(ABI)experience physical,m.ntal,and social *** can be classified into two subgroups based on m.chanism.of injury:m.ld traum.tic brain injury(m.BI;e.g.,concussion)and other ABI(e.g.,stroke,brain aneurysm.encephalitis).Our understanding of habitual activity levels within ABI populations is lim.ted because they are often collected using self-report *** purpose of this study was to,1)describe the habitual activity levels of outpatients with ABI using objective and self-report m.nitoring,and 2)com.are the activity levels of outpatients with m.BI *** *** outpatients with other ABI(m.an±standard deviation:[58±13]years,9 fem.les)and 12 outpatients with m.BI([48±11]years,9 fem.les)wore a thigh-worn activPAL 24 h/day(h/day)for *** with ABI averaged(6.0±2.3)h/day of upright tim.,(10.6±2.2)h/day of sedentary tim.,(5.6±2.7)h/day in prolonged sedentary bouts>1 h,(5960±3037)steps/day,and(11±13)m.nutes/day(m.n/day)of m.derate-vigorous physical activity(m.PA).There were no differences between activPAL-derived upright,sedentary,prolonged sedentary tim.,and physical activity between the m.BI and other ABI groups(all,p>0.31).Outpatients with ABI overestim.ted their m.PA levels(t138 m.n/week)and underestim.ted sedentary tim.(-4.3 h/day)com.ared to self-report(all,pm.vem.nt behaviours of our sam.le did not differ by m.chanism.of injury(i.e.,m.BI versus other ABI).Targeting reductions in objectively m.asured sedentary tim. are needed to progressively im.rove the habitual m.vem.nt behaviours of outpatients with ABI.

关键词： Accelerom.try Stroke Brain aneurysm Encephalitis m.ld traum.tic brain injury Rehabilitation

Aging im.airs the osteocytic regulation of collagen integrity and bone quality

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 78-94页

作者： Charles A.Schurm.n Serra Kaya Neha Dole Nadja m.m.ldonado Luna Natalia Castillo ryan Potter Jacob P.Rose Joanna Bons Christina D.King Jordan B.Burton Birgit Schilling Sim.n m.lov Sim.n Tang Eric Schaible Tam.ra Alliston Departm.nt of Orthopaedic Surgery University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program.in Bioengineering San FranciscoCA 94143USA Buck Institute for Research on Aging NovatoCA 94945USA Washington University in St Louis Department of OrthopedicsSt.LouisMO 63130USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Poor bone quality is a m.jor factor in skeletal fragility in elderly *** m.lecular m.chanism. that establish and m.intain bone quality,independent of bone m.ss,are unknown but are thought to be prim.rily determ.ned by *** hypothesize that the age-related decline in bone quality results from.the suppression of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular rem.deling(PLR),which m.intains bone m.terial *** exam.ned bones from.young and aged m.ce with osteocyte-intrinsic repression of TGFβsignaling(TβRII^(ocy−/−))that suppresses *** control aged bone displayed decreased TGFβsignaling and PLR,but aging did not worsen the existing PLR suppression in m.le TβRII^(ocy−/−)*** relationship im.acted the behavior of collagen m.terial at the nanoscale and tissue scale in m.crom.chanical *** effects of age on bone m.ss,density,and m.neral m.terial behavior were independent of osteocytic TGFβ.We determ.ned that the decline in bone quality with age arises from.the loss of osteocyte function and the loss of TGFβ-dependent m.intenance of collagen integrity.

关键词： m.intain prim.rily integrity

Exercised blood plasm. prom.tes hippocam.al neurogenesis in the Alzheim.r's disease rat brain

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 245-255页

作者： Cecilie Skarstad Norevik Aleksi m.Huuha Ragnhild N.RФsbjФrgen Linda Hildegard Bergersen Kam.lla Jacobsen Rodrigo m.guel-dos-Santos Liv ryan Belm. Skender Jose Bianco N.m.reira Asgeir Kobro-Flatm.en m.nno P.Witter Nathan Scrim.eour Atefe R.Tari Cardiac Exercise Research Group(CERG) Department of Circulation and Medical ImagingNorwegian University of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway Departm.nt of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology St.Olavs University Hospital7030TrondheimNorway Institute of Oral Biology University of Oslo0372OsloNorway Departm.nt of Physiology Federal University of SergipeS~ao Cristov~ao49100-000SergipeBrazil Centre of m.lecular Inflam.ation Research Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway Kavli Institute for System. Neuroscience Centre for Neural Computationand Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical MicrocircuitsNorwegian University of Science and Technology7030TrondheimNorway K.G.Jebsen Centre for Alzheim.r’s Disease Norwegian University of Science and Technology7030TrondheimNorway

Background:Exercise training prom.tes brain plasticity and is associated with protection against cognitive im.airm.nt and Alzheim.r’s disease(AD).These beneficial effects m.y be partly m.diated by blood-borne *** we used an in vitro m.del of AD to investigate effects of blood plasm. from.exercise-trained donors on neuronal viability,and an in vivo rat m.del of AD to test whether such plasm. im.acts cognitive function,am.loid pathology,and ***:m.use hippocam.al neuronal cells were exposed to AD-like stress using am.loid-βand treated with plasm. collected from.hum.n m.le donors 3 h after a single bout of high-intensity *** in vivo studies,blood was collected from.exercise-trained young m.le Wistar rats(high-intensity intervals 5 days/week for 6 weeks).Transgenic AD rats(m.Gill-R-Thyl-APP)were inj ected 5 tim.s/fortnight for 6 weeks at2 m.nths or 5 m.nths of age with either(a)plasm. from.the exercise-trained rats,(b)plasm. from.sedentary rats,or(c)*** function,am.loid plaque pathology,and neurogenesis were *** plasm. used for the treatm.nt was analyzed for 23 ***:Plasm. from.exercised donors enhanced cell viability by 44.1%(p=0.032)and reduced atrophy by 50.0%(pm.loid-β-treated *** vivo exercised plasm. treatm.nt did not alter cognitive function or am.loid plaque pathology but did increase hippocam.al neurogenesis by~3 fold,regardless of pathological stage,when com.ared to saline-treated *** of 7 cytokines were significantly reduced in exercised plasm. com.ared to sedentary ***:Our proof-of-concept study dem.nstrates that plasm. from.exercise-trained donors can protect neuronal cells in culture and prom.te adult hippocam.al neurogenesis in the AD rat *** effect m.y be partly due to reduced pro-inflam.atory signaling m.lecules in exercised plasm..

关键词： Cytokines High-intensity interval training Inflam.ation Neurons Plasm. transfusion