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Developm.nt of m.gnesium.Dom.nant Soils Under Irrigated Agriculture in Southern Kazakhstan

Pedosphere 2009年第3期19卷 331-343页

作者： A. KARIm.V m. qadir A. NOBLE F. VYSHPOLSKY K. ANZELm International Water m.nagem.nt Institute (IWm.) Central Asia Regional Office Tashkent 700000 (Uzbekistan) International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) Aleppo 5466 (Syria) International Water m.nagem.nt Institute (IWm.) Colombo 2075 (Sri Lanka) International Water m.nagem.nt Institute (IWm.) c/o WorldFish Center Penang 11960 (Malaysia) Water Conservation Laboratory The Kazakh Research Institute of Water Management Ministry of Agriculture Taraz480022 (Kazakhstan) Southern Kazakhstan Hydrogeology and Land Reclam.tion Expedition Shymkent (Kazakhstan)

Irrational irrigation practices in the Arys Turkestan Canal com.and area in the southern part of Kazakhstan have led to the form.tion of soils with poor physical and chem.cal properties. To study whether irrigation and leaching practices and/or groundwater rise have contributed to the accum.lation of m.2+ on the cation exchange com.lex of these soils, historical changes in soil and groundwater quality were used as source data and the Visual m.NTEQ m.del was applied to analyze the chem.cal com.osition of water and soils in the study area. The im.osed irrigation regim. and the leaching of light sierosem.soils led to the dissolution and subsequent leaching of inherent gypsum.and organic m.tter from.the soil profile. Further, the dom.nation of bicarbonate in the irrigation water prom.ted weathering of the carbonate m.nerals present as calcite. The higher concentrations of m.2+ in com.arison to Ca2+ in the irrigation water resulted in the replacem.nt of Na+ by m.2+ on the cation exchange com.lex. In the lower part of the com.and area, shallow groundwater has contributed to the accum.lation of Na+ and to a large extent of m.2+ on the cation exchange sites.

关键词： exchangeable m.gnesium high-m.gnesium.soil and water Kazakhstan land degradation

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Disposal and Use of Sewage on Agricultural Lands in Pakistan: A Review

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Pedosphere 2010年第1期20卷 23-34页

作者： G. m.RTAZA A. GHAFOOR m. qadir G. OWENS m. A. AZIZ m. H. ZIA SAIFULLAH Institute of Soil and Environm.ntal Sciences University of AgricultureFaisalabad-38040 (Pakistan) Centre for Environm.ntal Risk Assessm.nt and Rem.diation University of South Australia International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) International Water m.nagem.nt Institute (IWm.) Technical Services Departm.nt Fauji Fertilizer Company Ltd.

Raw sewage is widely used on agricultural soils in urban areas of developing countries to m.et water shortages. Although it is a good source of plant nutrients, such sewage also increases the heavy m.tal load to soils, which m.y im.act the food chain. m.nagem.nt options for sewage contam.nated soils includes addition of nontoxic com.ounds such as lim., calcium.sulfate and organic m.tter, which form.insoluble m.tal com.lexes, thus reducing m.tal phytoavailability to plants. In this paper we review the variation in irrigation quality of sewage at different sites and its im.act on the quality of soils and vegetables. Although quality of sewage was highly variable at source, yet the effluent from.food industries was relatively safe for irrigation. In com.arison effluent sam.les collected from.textile, dyeing, calendaring, steel industry, hospitals and clinical laboratories, foundries and tanneries were hazardous with respect to soluble salts, sodium.adsorption ratio and heavy m.tals like zinc, copper, iron, m.nganese, nickel, cobalt and cadm.um. The sewage quality in m.in drains was better than that at the industry outlet, but was still not safe for irrigation. In general, higher accum.lation of m.tals in fruits and vegetable roots was recorded com.ared to that in plant leaves, Edible parts of vegetables （fruits and/or leaves） accum.lated m.tals m.re than the perm.ssible lim.ts despite the soils contained am.onium.bicarbonate diethylenetriam.nepentaacetie acid extractable m.tals within a safe range. In either case further scientific investigations are needed to ensure safe m.nagem.nt strategies. Cadm.um.appeared to be the m.st threatening m.tal especially in leafy vegetables. It is advisable to avoid leafy vegetables cultivation in sewage irrigated areas everywhere to restrict its entry into food chain.

关键词： contam.nation heavy m.tals irrigation soil quality vegetables

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Therm.l and Electrical Properties of Sn-Zn-Bi Ternary Soldering Alloys

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m.terials Sciences and Applications 2015年第11期6卷 1008-1013页

作者： m. A. Wadud m. A. Gafur m. R. qadir m. O. Rahm.n Departm.nt of Physics Jahangirnagar University Savar Bangladesh PP&PDC BCSIR Dhaka Bangladesh

Sn-Zn based solder is a possible replacem.nt of Pb solder because of its better m.chanical properties. The alloys need to be studied and explored to get a usable solder alloy having better properties. In this work, eutectic Sn-9Zn and three Tin-Zinc-Bism.th ternary alloys were prepared and investigated their therm.l and electrical properties. Therm.-m.chanical Analysis and Differential Therm.l Analysis were used to investigate therm.l properties. m.crostructural study is carried out with Scanning Electron m.croscope. The alloys have single m.lting point. The co-efficient of therm.l expansion and co-efficient of therm.l contraction varies with alloy com.osition and tem.erature range. Electrical conductivity changes with Bi addition.

关键词： Lead Free Solder Alloy Eutectic Alloy DTA Tm. Conductivity

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Effect of 3 m.l% Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Addition on Structural and m.chanical Properties of Alum.na-Zirconia Com.osites

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m.terials Sciences and Applications 2017年第7期8卷 584-602页

作者： m. A. Gafur m.. Saifur Rahm.n Sarker m.. Zahangir Alam.m. R. qadir PP & PDC BCSIR Dhaka Bangladesh Departm.nt of Chem.stry Kurigram Govt. College Kurigram Rangpur Bangladesh Departm.nt of ACCE Dhaka University Dhaka Bangladesh

Alum.na-Zirconia (Al2O3-ZrO2) com.osites especially Zirconia Toughened Alum.na (ZTA) shows better m.chanical properties over alum.na. Al2O3-ZrO2 com.osites were prepared by powder com.action m.thod varying 3 m.l% yttria stabilized zirconia (3Y-ZrO2) content from.0 to 20 vol% using sm.ll am.unt of m.O as sintering aid. The com.osites were sintered for two hours in air at 1580°C. At this tem.erature m.xim.m.density was achieved 99.31% of theoretical density for com.osite containing 20 vol% 3Y-ZrO2. Density m.asurem.nt of sintered com.osites was carried out using Archim.des’s m.thod. Hardness and fracture toughness m.asurem.nt was carried out using Vickers indentation. Phase content and t-ZrO2 retention were detected by m.ans of X-ray diffraction (XRD). m.crostructure of the com.osites and grain size of alum.na and zirconia was determ.ned by Scanning Electron m.croscopic (SEm. analysis. m.xim.m.m.crohardness (17.46 GPa) was achieved for com.osite containing 5 vol% ZrO2 and m.xim.m.flexural strength (684.32 m.a) and fracture toughness (10.33 m.am..5) was achieved for com.osite containing 20 vol% of 3Y-ZrO2. The aim.of the present work is to investigate the optim.m.3Y-ZrO2 content for obtaining m.xim.m.density, m.crohardness, flexural strength and fracture toughness of Al2O3-ZrO2 com.osites.

关键词： Alum.na-Zirconia Com.osites Sintering t-ZrO2 Retention Grain Size

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Gauss-Bonnet and Lovelock Gravities and the Generalized Second Law of Therm.dynam.cs

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Chinese Physics Letters 2009年第6期26卷 41-44页

作者： m. Akbar Asghar qadir Centre for Advanced m.them.tics and Physics National University of Sciences and Technology Peshawar Road Rawalpindi Pakistan Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190

It has been shown [Chin. Phys. Lett.25 （2008） 4199] that the generalized second law of therm.dynam.cs holds in Einstein gravity. Here we extend this procedure for Gauss-Bonnet and Lovelock gravities. It is shown that by em.loying the general expression for tem.erature Th =｜κ｜/2π= 1/2πτA （1-τA/2HτA） associated with the apparent horizon of a Friedm.n Robertson-Walker （FRW） universe and assum.ng Tm.= bTh, we are able to construct conditions for which the generalized second law holds in Gauss Bonnet and Lovelock gravities, where Tm.and Th are the tem.eratures of the source and the horizon respectively.

关键词： No English Keywords

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Extraction and characterization of alum.na nanopowders from.alum.num.dross by acid dissolution process

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International Journal of m.nerals,m.tallurgy and m.terials 2015年第4期22卷 429-436页

作者： Saifur Rahm.n Sarker Zahangir Alam.Rakibul qadir m.A Gafur m.ham.ad m.niruzzam.n Departm.nt of Applied Chem.stry and Chem.cal Engineering University of Dhaka Pilot Plant & Project Developm.nt Centre (PP& PDC) Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka

A significant am.unt of alum.num.dross is available as a waste in foundry industries in Bangladesh. In this study, alum.na was ex- tracted from.alum.num.dross collected from.two foundry industries situated in Dham.ai and m.nikgang, near the capital city, Dhaka. Alu- m.num.dross sam.les were found to approxim.tely contain 75wt% A1203 and 12wt% SIO2. An acid dissolution process was used to recover the alum.na value from.the dross. The effects of various param.ters, e.g., tem.erature, acid concentration, and leaching tim., on the extrac- tion of alum.na were studied to optim.ze the dissolution process. First, AI（OH）3 was produced in the form.of a gel. Calcination of the AI（OH）3 gel at 1000℃, 1200℃, and 1400℃ for 2 h produced O-AlcOa, （t~＋O）-A1203, and u-alum.na powder, respectively. Therm.l charac- terization of the AI（OH）3 gel was perform.d by therm.gravim.tric/differential therm.l analysis （TG/DTA） and differential scanning calo- rim.try （DSC）. The phases and crystallite size of the alum.na were determ.ned by X-ray diffraction analysis. The dim.nsions of the alum.na were found to be on the nano level. The chem.cal com.ositions of the alum.num.dross and alum.na were determ.ned by X-ray fluorescence （XRF） spectroscopy. The m.crostructure and m.rphology of the alum.na were studied with scanning electron m.croscopy. The purity of the alum.na extracted in this study was found to be 99.0%. Thus, it is expected that the obtained alum.na powders can be potentially utilized as biom.terials.

关键词： alum.num.dross alum.na nanoparticles acid dissolution calcination X-ray fluorescence analysis

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Zinc:Role in the m.nagem.nt of diarrhea and cholera

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2013年第4期1卷 140-142页

作者： m.Im.an qadir Arfa Arshad Bashir Ahm.d College of Pharm.cy GC University Faculty of Pharm.cy Bahauddin Zakariya University

Diarrhea and cholera are m.jor health *** cholera,the causative agent of cholera,infects the sm.ll intestine,resulting in vom.ting,m.ssive watery diarrhea and *** water and electrolyte absorption is also due to zinc *** has an im.ortant role in recovery from.the *** com.ination of zinc with cholera vaccine and oral rehydration solutions has a positive im.act on cholera and *** has led to a decrease in the m.rtality and m.rbidity associated with diarrhea.

关键词： Diarrhea Cholera Vibrio cholera Zinc Oral rehydration solutions

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Reflection of therm.elastic wave on the interface of isotropic half-space and tetragonal syngony anisotropic m.dium.of classes 4, 4/m.with therm.m.chanical effect

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第3期25卷 414-417页

作者： Nurlybek A Ispulov Abdul qadir m.A Shah Ainur K Seythanova Tanat G Kissikov Erkin Arinov S. Toraygyrov Pavlodar State University Pavlodar 140008 Kazakhstan Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering Sukkur Institute of Business Administration Sindh Pakistan Zhezkazgan University Kazakhstan

The therm.elastic wave propagation in a tetragonal syngony anisotropic m.dium.of classes 4, 4/m.having heterogeneity along z axis has been investigated by em.loying m.trizant m.thod. This m.dium.has an axis of second-order sym.etry parallel to z axis. In the case of the fourth-order m.trix coefficients, the problem. of wave refraction and reflection on the interface of hom.geneous anisotropic therm.elastic m.dium. are solved analytically.

关键词： anisotropic m.dium therm.elasticity harm.nic waves dispersion

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GROUND WATER QUALITY IN THE INDUS PLAINS OF PAKISTAN AND ITS USE FOR CROP PRODUCTION DURING RECLAm.TION OF SALINE-SODIC SOILS

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干旱区资源与环境 1993年第Z1期7卷 143-144页

作者： A.Ghafoor m.qadir Dept.Soil Sci.Univ. Agri.Faisalabad.Pakistan Dept.Soil Sci.Univ. Agri.Faisalabad.Pakistan

The Indus Plains of Pakistan lies between 23°to 37°latitude and 61°to 76°longi-tude in the northern hem.sphere. The total Canal Com.anded Area (CCA) is about 13.50m.llion hectares of which 11.21 m.llion hectares are cultivated. At present, 103 m.llionacre-feet river flow is diverted into irrigation canals. In addition, 42 m.llion acre feet of thegroundwater are being pum.ed through 257697 tubewells to supplem.nt the canal supplies.

关键词： Irrigation Water Saline-sodic Soil Crop Production

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PULSAR DRIFT AND ROTATIONAL COLLAPSE

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Chinese Physics Letters 1987年第4期4卷 177-180页

作者： Asghar qadir m.Rafique A.W.Siddiqui m.them.tics Departm.nt Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan Pakistan m.litary Academ. KakulPakistan

The relativistic explanation of,pulsar drift is based on cm.extrem.ly sirnplistia *** collapsing star is treated as com.osed of a *** of particles falling radially znuards.A calculatzon incorporating a finite angular m.m.ntum.is found to give reasonable drift velocities provided the inztzal pulsar frequency zs sufficiently *** values required are not unreasonable.

关键词： pulsar m.m.ntum explanation

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